L-dopa - Moligand™, ≥98% , Dopamine D3 receptor agonist, CAS No.59-92-7, Dopamine D3 receptor agonist

CAS: 59-92-7 Cat. No.: D465042 Formula: C9H11NO4 Molecular Weight: 197.19 Beilstein Registry Number: 2215169 EC Number: 200-445-2
AVAILABLE TO ORDER
GRADE & PURITY Moligand™ ? Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools. ≥98%
Synonyms
levodopa|L-dopa|3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine|3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine|3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine|Dopar|3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
Storage
Room temperature,Argon charged
Shipped In
Normal
★
Size
Germany (EU)
USA*
Price
Qty
5g
D465042-5g
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1 In stock
€8.59
25g
D465042-25g
—
2 In stock
€15.53
100g
D465042-100g
—
2 In stock
€30.28
500g
D465042-500g
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€126.60
Enter a quantity for the sizes you want to add.

Overview

Description

3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine or L-DOPA has been used to stain melanocytes. It has also been used to study its effects on aDrosophilamodel of Parkinson′s disease.

Specifications

Synonyms
levodopa | L-dopa | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine | 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | Dopar | 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
Specifications & Purity
Moligand™, ≥98%
Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine or L-DOPA is a natural isomer of the immediate precursor of dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is used for the treatment of Parkinson′s disease and is a product of tyrosine hydroxylase.
Storage
Room temperature,Argon charged
Shipped In
Normal
Grade
Moligand™
Action Type
AGONIST
Mechanism of action
Dopamine D3 receptor agonist
Purity
≥98%
Product Properties
ALogP
-2.7
Names and Identifiers
Pubchem Sid
Canonical Smiles
C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)O)O
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
InChIKey
WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N
INCHI
1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)/t6-/m0/s1
Isomeric SMILES
C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O
WGK Germany
3
RTECS
AY5600000
Molecular Weight
197.19
Beilstein
2215169
Reaxy-Rn
1462084
Reaxys-RN_link_address
https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=1462084&ln=

Advanced Data

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
SubclassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Intermediate Tree Nodes Amino acids and derivatives - Alpha amino acids and derivatives
Direct ParentTyrosine and derivatives
Alternative Parents Phenylalanine and derivatives  Phenylpropanoic acids  L-alpha-amino acids  Amphetamines and derivatives  Catechols  1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids  1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids  Aralkylamines  Amino acids  Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives  Carboxylic acids  Carbonyl compounds  Hydrocarbon derivatives  Monoalkylamines  Organic oxides  Organopnictogen compounds  
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
Substituents Tyrosine or derivatives - Phenylalanine or derivatives - 3-phenylpropanoic-acid - Alpha-amino acid - Amphetamine or derivatives - L-alpha-amino acid - Catechol - 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid - Aralkylamine - 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid - Phenol - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Benzenoid - Amino acid - Carboxylic acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Organic oxide - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Primary amine - Primary aliphatic amine - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organopnictogen compound - Amine - Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. These are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
External Descriptors Other amino acids - Biogenic amines
3D Structure
Interactive Chemical Structure Model





Associated Targets(Human)
GPR143 Tbio G-protein coupled receptor 143 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
PDE5A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 5A (5113 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
EGFR Tclin Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (33727 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
F2 Tclin Thrombin (11687 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CA2 Tclin Carbonic anhydrase II (17698 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ESR1 Tclin Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HMGCR Tclin HMG-CoA reductase (2475 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
NR3C1 Tclin Glucocorticoid receptor (14987 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
INSR Tclin Insulin receptor (5558 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PGR Tclin Progesterone receptor (8562 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB2 Tclin Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (11824 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM2 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (10671 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB1 Tclin Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (6630 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2A Tclin Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (9450 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AR Tclin Androgen Receptor (11781 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM1 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (12690 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
VDR Tclin Vitamin D receptor (26531 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACE Tclin Angiotensin-converting enzyme (1423 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD2 Tclin Dopamine D2 receptor (23596 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
TYR Tclin Tyrosinase (717 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GABRA1 Tclin GABA receptor alpha-1 subunit (399 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOA Tclin Monoamine oxidase A (11911 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CNR1 Tclin Cannabinoid CB1 receptor (20913 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD1 Tclin Dopamine D1 receptor (9720 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD4 Tchem Dopamine D4 receptor (7907 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS1 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-1 (9233 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A2 Tclin Norepinephrine transporter (10102 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH2 Tclin Histamine H2 receptor (5428 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1D Tclin Alpha-1d adrenergic receptor (4171 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOB Tclin Monoamine oxidase B (8835 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1B Tclin Serotonin 1b (5-HT1b) receptor (2801 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2A Tclin Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor (14758 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2C Tclin Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor (11471 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR2 Tclin Vasopressin V2 receptor (2912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA1 Tclin Adenosine A1 receptor (17603 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AGTR1 Tclin Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (5176 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CALCR Tclin Calcitonin receptor (2215 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A4 Tclin Serotonin transporter (12625 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CRHR1 Tclin Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (2996 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1A Tclin Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor (8359 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS2 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-2 (13999 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH1 Tclin Histamine H1 receptor (7573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1B Tclin Alpha-1b adrenergic receptor (2912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRM1 Tclin Mu opioid receptor (19785 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD3 Tclin Dopamine D3 receptor (14368 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR1A Tclin Vasopressin V1a receptor (5412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRD1 Tclin Delta opioid receptor (15096 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRK1 Tclin Kappa opioid receptor (16155 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR3A Tclin Serotonin 3a (5-HT3a) receptor (3366 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Associated Targets(non-human)
Agtr2 Angiotensin II type 2 (AT-2) receptor (803 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mc4r Melanocortin receptor 4 (1205 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ca7 Carbonic anhydrase VII (3 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ltc4s Leukotriene C4 synthase (1 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Sigmar1 Sigma opioid receptor (160 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Npy1r Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 (8 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cckar Cholecystokinin A receptor (90 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ntsr1 Neurotensin receptor 1 (48 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pde4d Phosphodiesterase 4D (4 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Bdkrb1 Bradykinin B1 receptor (77 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ca13 Carbonic anhydrase XIII (322 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CA4 Carbonic anhydrase IV (1713 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Nos2 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (3573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mapk1 MAP kinase ERK2 (650 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Hdac6 Histone deacetylase 6 (222 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mmp9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (38 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Carbonic anhydrase (69 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pneumocystis carinii (749 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania infantum (5912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei (78846 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei brucei (13300 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Entamoeba histolytica (2676 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cryptosporidium parvum (1150 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Plasmodium falciparum (966862 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania amazonensis (3813 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania donovani (89745 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania major (2877 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania mexicana (936 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma cruzi (99888 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trichomonas vaginalis (2376 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Toxoplasma gondii (4585 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mus musculus (284745 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Rattus norvegicus (775804 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (7991 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Don (18 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MDCK (10148 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase (66902 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PYK Pyruvate kinase (6726 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
pfk 6-phospho-1-fructokinase (7870 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ca15 Carbonic anhydrase 15 (173 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Txnrd1 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic (45279 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Callithrix jacchus (111 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Danio rerio (3092 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ffp 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp (24982 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CAN2 Carbonic anhydrase 2 (140 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Phosphoglycerate kinase, glycosomal (2184 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Slc16a10 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 (73 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Daucus carota (50 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mechanisms of Action
Certificates (CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:

Find and download the COA for your product by matching the lot number on the packaging.

13 results found

Lot NumberCertificate TypeDateItem
D2610477D2610477Certificate of AnalysisApr 20, 2026 D465042
D2610491D2610491Certificate of AnalysisApr 20, 2026 D465042
D2610492D2610492Certificate of AnalysisApr 20, 2026 D465042
J2613159J2613159Certificate of AnalysisApr 20, 2026 D465042
G2523257G2523257Certificate of AnalysisJul 25, 2025 D465042
K2408299K2408299Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
K2408398K2408398Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
K2408400K2408400Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
K2408401K2408401Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
K2408402K2408402Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
K2408403K2408403Certificate of AnalysisNov 12, 2024 D465042
G2426122G2426122Certificate of AnalysisAug 05, 2024 D465042
F2411075F2411075Certificate of AnalysisJun 24, 2024 D465042
Chemical and Physical Properties
SolubilitySlightly soluble in water (ultrasonic and adjust pH to 1-2 with HCl),DMSO (<1 mg/ml at 25 °C),and 0.5M HCl (50 mg/ml). Insoluble in ethanol, and chloroform
Sensitivitylight sensitive;air sensitive
Specific Rotation[α]-12 ° (C=5, 1mol/L HCl)
Melt Point(°C)276-278°C
Molecular Weight197.190 g/mol
XLogP3-2.700
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count3
Exact Mass197.069 Da
Monoisotopic Mass197.069 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area104.000 Ų
Heavy Atom Count14
Formal Charge0
Complexity209.000
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
The total count of all stereochemical bonds0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1
Documents & Articles
Tyrosinase: a key regulatory enzyme in melanin synthesis and its biological and applied significance
Structural Characteristics, Biological Functions, and Application Prospects of Mussel Adhesive Proteins
What Do Unnatural Amino Acids Really Change? Site-Specific Observation, Functional Engineering, and Property Optimization in Proteins and Peptides
Norepinephrine: From a Peripheral Sympathetic Neurotransmitter and Central State Regulator to Support for Vasopressor Therapy in Critical Care
Mechanism of Kojic Acid in Reducing Hyperpigmentation: From Tyrosinase Inhibition to Melanin Production Regulation
The Dual-Targeted Skin-Brightening Mechanism of 4-MSK: Inhibiting Melanin Production and Reducing Epidermal Pigment Retention
Mechanism of Action of Tranexamic Acid in Pigmentation Care: From the Plasmin System to Regulation of Inflammation-Driven Pro-Melanogenic Signaling
How Arbutin Regulates Melanin Production: α/β Anomeric Configuration and Tyrosinase Action
Niacinamide Brightening Mechanisms and Formulation Design: Melanosome Transfer, pH Regulation, and Combination Strategies
Citations of This Product
Solution Calculators
Reviews

Customer Reviews

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