Propan-1-amine-ddhydrochloride , CAS No.1398065-66-1

CAS: 1398065-66-1 Cat. No.: P1443648 Formula: C₃H₅D₅ClN Molecular Weight: 100.60

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

Propan-1-amine-dd 5 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Propan-1-amine hydrochloride.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Names and Identifiers

Molecular Weight

100.60

Application Protocols

No tested bioassay or immunoassay protocols are provided for this item. As a small-molecule amine salt, typical “applications” are synthetic procedures rather than assay protocols.

General handling protocol suggestions (non-binding guidance):

• For use in amide coupling: dissolve the salt in a polar solvent (e.g., DMF), add an appropriate base (DIPEA, 2–4 equiv), then introduce the activated carboxyl partner; monitor by LC–MS.
• For generating the free base: dissolve in water, add NaOH to pH > 12 under cooling, extract the liberated amine into an organic solvent; dry and use immediately.

For validated, application-specific protocols, consult the primary literature or your internal SOPs.

Biological Roles

This product is intended for research use only. No biological activity or roles are specified for this item.

General background (literature, not item-specific):

• Simple aliphatic amines are present as metabolites or transient intermediates in nitrogen metabolism and catabolic pathways, but n‑propylamine itself is not a major endogenous metabolite in higher organisms.
• Primary alkylamines interact with biological systems primarily via protonated ammonium forms at physiological pH, which can affect membrane association and ion-pairing with biomolecules.
• In biochemical derivatization workflows, small amines can be used to cap activated carboxylates (e.g., capping agents in solid-phase synthesis) or to introduce hydrophobic tags; such uses depend on reactivity rather than intrinsic biological function.

No claims of biological efficacy, diagnostic utility, or therapeutic action are made for this item. For any work involving biological matrices or cells, validate concentration ranges and compatibility empirically.

Buffer Applications

This compound is not typically used as a defined buffering agent. Primary alkylamine hydrochloride salts lack a well-defined buffering range suitable for biological buffers compared with standard systems (e.g., Tris, HEPES, phosphate).

• If an amine hydrochloride is used, it functions primarily as an ionic strength modifier or amine source rather than a controlled pH buffer.
• For buffering near neutral pH, consider dedicated buffers (Tris pKa ~8.1, HEPES pKa ~7.5, MOPS pKa ~7.2) and validate ionic strength independently.

For this specific SKU, no buffer recipes, pKa, or validated buffer applications are provided. Refer to the CoA/SDS and standard buffer references for suitable alternatives.

Green Alternatives

Context: Primary amine salts are broadly used building blocks. Greener choices focus on solvent selection, base choice, and minimizing salt waste rather than substituting the amine itself.

Greener strategy considerations (general):

• Use water or bio-based solvents where feasible: aqueous micellar media, ethanol, 2‑MeTHF (for free base forms) can reduce reliance on DMF/DMSO.
• Choose bases with improved EHS profiles: replace triethylamine with DIPEA or bicarbonate in water; consider polymer-supported bases to simplify workup.
• Minimize stoichiometric salts: pre-convert to the free base when performing reactions in nonaqueous media to avoid forming additional ammonium/amine hydrochloride byproducts.
• Energy efficiency: many amide couplings proceed at ambient temperature; avoid unnecessary heating.

Illustrative comparison (general; not item-specific):

• Conventional: HCl salt in DMF with HATU/DIPEA → high coupling efficiency but DMF and HATU have EHS concerns.
• Greener: Free-base in ethanol or 2‑MeTHF, EDC·HCl or CDI in presence of catalytic DMAP or aqueous bicarbonate → reduced solvent and coupling reagent hazards, easier workup.

Trade-offs:

• Using the free base increases volatility and odor management burden; the HCl salt is safer to handle but may require extra base and generate salt waste.
• Aqueous systems can limit solubility of hydrophobic partners; co-solvents may still be needed.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial grade or specific pharmaceutical application is provided for this item. The material is supplied for research use only.

General process-chemistry context (not item-specific):

• Small primary amines and their hydrochloride salts are common reagents and intermediates in API synthesis, used in amide coupling, salt formation with carboxylic acids, and as nucleophiles in reductive amination steps.
• The hydrochloride salt form improves handling (solid, reduced volatility/odor) and dosing accuracy, which is advantageous in GMP settings; however, qualification to USP/EP/JP monographs, residual solvent limits, and elemental impurity controls would be required for pharmaceutical manufacturing—none are specified here for this SKU.
• In formulation science, low-mass alkylamines are generally not used as excipients due to irritancy and volatility of the free base; when amine functionality is needed, more benign buffers (e.g., tromethamine) are typical.

For any cGMP or clinical use, source a specification-backed grade and ensure full quality documentation. This product is not indicated for human or veterinary use.

Physical Properties

Item-specific measured specifications are not provided in the listing. Do not use the following values as product specifications; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for this exact SKU.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point (literature, primary alkylamine hydrochloride salts): often solid with salt-dependent mp; exact value depends on stoichiometry and hydration; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: Not applicable for a nonvolatile inorganic salt; thermal decomposition more likely than boiling under ambient pressure (general statement).
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility (general/literature): primary amine hydrochlorides are typically highly soluble in water and polar protic solvents; limited solubility in nonpolar solvents. Actual solubility for this item is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pKa (literature, conjugate acid of propylamine): pKa of R–NH3+ typically ca. 10–11 in water for primary alkylammonium ions; exact value varies with structure and ionic strength. Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• LogP/partitioning (literature trend): the hydrochloride salt is significantly more hydrophilic than the free base; Not specified for this item.
• Hygroscopicity: primary amine hydrochlorides can be hygroscopic; degree for this item Not specified.

Always verify property data for your batch via the CoA prior to designing formulations or processes.

Quality & Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Guidance on interpreting grade (general):

• If provided as “analytical” or “reagent” grade, expect adherence to general impurity limits suitable for synthetic and analytical laboratory use, but not necessarily low UV background.
• If offered as “≥98%” or higher, the assay is typically by titration (chloride content and amine base) or quantitative NMR. Exact methodology for this SKU is Not specified; see CoA.
• For amine hydrochloride salts, residual moisture and chloride stoichiometry (monohydrochloride vs. dihydrochloride; hydration state) influence assay and stoichiometric calculations. Confirm the exact salt form and water content on the CoA before charge calculations in synthesis.
• Stabilizers: None indicated. If stabilizers or anti-caking agents are used, they will be listed on the CoA; for this item: Not specified.

Recommendations:

• Standardize the base content by back-titration when precise equivalents are critical (e.g., amide couplings). Record Karl Fischer water for rigorous mass balance if your process is moisture-sensitive.
• For chromatography-sensitive applications, verify UV absorbance profile of your lot if relevant to detection wavelengths.

Reaction & Applications

Item-specific application notes are not provided; below are typical synthetic uses of primary alkylamine hydrochloride salts (general literature guidance).

Common transformations using the amine component (after base liberation):

• Amide bond formation with activated carboxylic acids (acid chlorides, anhydrides, activated esters) and with coupling reagents such as EDC, DIC, HATU, HBTU (base: DIPEA/TEA).
• Urea and thiourea formation via reaction with isocyanates/isothiocyanates; guanidine formation with carbodiimides followed by appropriate electrophiles.
• Reductive amination as the amine nucleophile for aldehydes/ketones (NaBH3CN, NaBH(OAc)3), typically performed with the free base form.
• Alkylation to secondary/tertiary amines (e.g., SN2 with alkyl halides/mesylates) under basic conditions; monitor for over-alkylation.
• Sulfonamide formation with sulfonyl chlorides (e.g., tosylation) to prepare N‑propylsulfonamides.
• Formation of amide-linked linkers/spacers for surface functionalization or polymer modification where a small hydrophobic amine is desired.

Practical considerations:

• The hydrochloride salt provides accurate stoichiometry of amine as a bench-stable solid; add a slight excess of non-nucleophilic base (e.g., 2–3 equiv DIPEA) to neutralize HCl and free the amine during coupling.
• Water content and exact salt stoichiometry matter for yield calculations; verify by CoA or titration.
• For reductive amination, pre-neutralize to the free base to ensure nucleophilicity; salt forms can suppress reactivity without sufficient base.

Reaction Conditions

Below are general literature-style conditions for transformations using a primary alkylamine hydrochloride salt; adjust to your substrate and consult primary literature. Values are guidance, not specifications for this SKU.

• Amide coupling (carboxylic acid partner): dissolve acid (1.0 equiv) and amine·HCl (1.2–1.5 equiv) in dry DMF or NMP; add HATU or HBTU (1.1–1.2 equiv) and DIPEA (3–4 equiv relative to amine·HCl) at 0–25°C; stir 2–16 h; aqueous workup; typical yields: good to excellent for unhindered acids.
• Acid chloride route: acid chloride (1.0–1.2 equiv) in DCM/THF; add amine·HCl (1.5 equiv) and base (e.g., 3–5 equiv pyridine or DIPEA) at 0°C to rt; 1–4 h; monitor for HCl evolution; quench and extract.
• Reductive amination: pre-neutralize amine·HCl with TEA/DIPEA in MeOH, EtOH, or DCM/MeOH; add carbonyl (1.0 equiv), AcOH catalytic if needed, then NaBH3CN (1.2–1.5 equiv) at 0–25°C; 2–18 h; keep pH ~5–6 to balance iminium formation and cyanoborohydride stability.
• Sulfonamide formation: tosyl chloride (1.1–1.2 equiv) in DCM with amine·HCl (1.2–1.5 equiv) and base (3–4 equiv) at 0–25°C; 1–6 h.

Notes:

• Salt-to-free-base conversion can be done in situ by stoichiometric base; ensure adequate base to neutralize HCl and drive formation of the nucleophilic amine.
• Dry conditions and inert atmosphere improve outcomes for moisture-sensitive couplings.
• Always verify by TLC/LC–MS/NMR; optimize equivalents and temperature for specific substrates.

Safety & Handling

Safety data specific to this SKU are not provided in the listing. Treat the material as a primary alkylammonium hydrochloride salt and consult the SDS for authoritative guidance.

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H‑statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.
• Likely hazards (general for amine hydrochloride salts): may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; dust may be irritating; hydrogen chloride can be released upon strong heating.
• Incompatibilities (general): strong bases (will liberate the free amine and heat), strong oxidizers, and reactive acylating agents without adequate base control. Avoid contact with nitrosating agents (amine nitrosation risk under certain conditions).
• Handling/PPE (general good practice):
  • Use in a fume hood to minimize dust/aerosol exposure.
  • Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), splash goggles.
  • Avoid inhalation and contact with skin/eyes; wash thoroughly after handling.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Eye/skin contact: rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention as needed.
  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
• Special risks: dusting and hygroscopic caking can occur with amine salts; keep containers tightly closed and work with care to prevent airborne particulates.

Always refer to the SDS supplied with your batch for exact hazard classifications and response measures.

Solvent Selection

This product is a hydrochloride salt of a small primary amine. Solvent behavior is dominated by its ionic nature.

General solvent compatibility (literature/guidance):

• Water: typically freely soluble; ionic dissolution favored. Actual solubility for this SKU is Not specified; refer to CoA.
• Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, i‑PrOH): usually soluble; solubility increases with polarity and hydrogen-bonding capacity.
• Polar aprotic solvents (DMF, DMSO, NMP): often highly soluble; useful for peptide coupling or amidation when base is present to liberate the free amine in situ.
• Nonpolar solvents (hexanes, toluene, MTBE): generally poor solubility for the hydrochloride salt; extract the free base if nonpolar media are required.

When to choose the HCl salt vs free base:

• Choose the HCl salt to improve handling (solid, lower odor/volatility), safer storage, and accurate dosing in aqueous or polar systems.
• Choose the free base for reactions requiring nonpolar solvents or when eliminating stoichiometric base/additional salt load is desired.

Practical tips:

• To use in anhydrous coupling (e.g., with activated esters), dissolve the salt in DMF/DMSO and add 2–3 equiv of organic base (DIPEA, triethylamine) to generate the free amine in situ, then add the acyl component.
• For extractions, basify an aqueous solution (e.g., NaOH) to pH > 12 to liberate the free amine, then extract into an organic solvent; control temperature and venting due to volatility/odor of the free base.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at −20°C.
• Shipping (item-specific): Shipped in ice chest + ice pads to maintain low temperature.
• Container: Keep tightly closed in the original container. Consider using a desiccator or dry cabinet if hygroscopicity is a concern (common for amine salts).
• Protection: Store away from strong bases and oxidizers. Avoid humid environments to prevent caking or deliquescence.

Reconstitution and preparation (general guidance; not specification):

• Solubility: amine hydrochloride salts are typically readily soluble in water and polar solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, DMF, DMSO). Actual solubility for this SKU is Not specified; verify experimentally.
• Aqueous stock solutions: Prepare with deionized water; filter sterilize if needed for sensitive applications. Record concentration on a free-base equivalent basis after confirming salt stoichiometry.
• Generating the free base: Add stoichiometric base (e.g., DIPEA in organic media, or NaOH in water) to liberate R–NH2 from R–NH3+Cl−. Perform under ventilation due to volatility/odor of the free amine; use immediately after generation.
• Freeze–thaw: If preparing solutions for storage, aliquot to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Assess stability empirically; no stability data are specified for this item.

Always refer to the CoA/SDS for lot-specific stability and handling details. Research use only.

Structure & Identity

Brief overview: This listing appears to be for a hydrochloride salt of a primary C3 aliphatic amine (name suggests “propan‑1‑amine … hydrochloride”). However, several identity fields are not specified for this catalog item.

• SKU: P1443648
• Product Name: Propan-1-amine-ddhydrochloride (as provided; likely a hydrochloride salt of n‑propylamine)
• CAS: 1398065-66-1 (as provided)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General structural features (chemistry/literature, not item-specific):

• A primary alkylamine (propan‑1‑amine) forms a protonated ammonium species when converted to its hydrochloride salt (R–NH3+ Cl−).
• Functional groups: primary aminium (as hydrochloride salt), saturated aliphatic C3 chain (no rings, no stereocenters).
• 2D description: a straight three‑carbon chain terminating in a protonated amino group, paired with chloride anion. In salt form, the cation is R–NH3+ and associates ionically with Cl−.

Notes on identity:

• The product name includes “ddhydrochloride”; if this indicates “dihydrochloride,” that would be atypical for a monoamine and should be verified against the CoA. Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive identity and stoichiometry of hydrochloride(s).

Synthetic Utility

From a retrosynthetic perspective, a C3 primary amine hydrochloride salt is a versatile nucleophilic building block once the free amine is generated.

Key functional reactivity (general):

• Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) on primary electrophiles (alkyl halides/mesylates) to form secondary amines; control over-alkylation via stoichiometry and order of addition.
• Acyl transfer to form amides, carbamates, ureas, and sulfonamides. Compatible with acid chlorides, anhydrides, activated esters, and carbodiimide or uronium coupling regimes.
• Reductive amination with aldehydes/ketones; imine/enamine formation requires the free base and removal of water (molecular sieves) for best conversions.
• Metal-catalyzed couplings involving amines (e.g., Buchwald–Hartwig amination) are typically performed with aryl halides and a free amine; salt must be neutralized in situ with base and compatible solvent.

Practical guidance:

• For accurate equivalents, determine the exact hydrochloride stoichiometry and hydration (KF water) of your lot; adjust base accordingly (generally 2–3 equiv DIPEA to ensure full neutralization and maintain reaction pH).
• When odor control is critical, handle as the salt and liberate the free base immediately before use.
• For polymer and surface modifications, small alkylamines introduce hydrophobicity and can act as chain-transfer/capping agents.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule reagent and does not have antibody/antigen target specificity, clone, isotype, or species reactivity. No target-related data are provided for this SKU.