Urocortin III human - ≥97%(HPLC)

Cat. No.: U118947

GRADE & PURITY ≥97%(HPLC)

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

Amino Acid Sequence Phe-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-V?al-Pro-Thr-Asn-Ile-Met-As?n-Leu-Leu-Phe-Asn-Ile-Ala?-Lys-Ala-Lys-Asn-Leu-Arg-?Ala-Gln-Ala-Ala-Ala-Asn-A?la-His-Leu-Met-Ala-Gln-Il?e-NH2

Specifications

Specifications & Purity

≥97%(HPLC)

Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms

Selective ligand with high affinity for CRF2 Receptors

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Purity

≥97%(HPLC)

Application Protocols

This listing does not include tested application protocols or recommended dilutions.

• Item-specific protocols: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

If you require protocol guidance, consult peer-reviewed literature for CRF2 receptor agonist assays (e.g., cAMP accumulation or β-arrestin recruitment in CRF2-expressing cells) and adapt conditions to your model system. Validate concentration ranges, vehicle controls, and exposure times empirically.

Biological Roles

The following describes Urocortin III biology from the literature and is provided for research context only (no medical or clinical claims):

• Family and receptor selectivity:

  • Urocortin III is an endogenous member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF/urocortin) peptide family. It is characterized as a high-affinity, selective ligand for the CRF type-2 receptor (CRF2/CRHR2) with minimal activity at CRF type-1 (CRF1/CRHR1) in many systems (literature).

• Signaling pathways:

  • Activation of CRF2 typically couples to Gs to elevate cAMP and can engage β-arrestin-dependent pathways; downstream effects are cell-type dependent (literature).

• Physiological context (research perspective):

  • Urocortin family peptides are studied in stress-axis modulation, energy balance, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal physiology, and neuroendocrine signaling in multiple tissues and species (literature). Specific in vivo roles depend on expression and experimental model.

• Experimental uses:

  • Tool peptide for dissecting CRF2-mediated signaling vs CRF1 in receptor pharmacology, biased agonism studies, and receptor trafficking.

Note: This catalog entry does not include sequence, modifications, or specific activity data. Verify peptide identity and concentration for quantitative biological studies.

Buffer Applications

This product is a peptide ligand and is not itself a buffering agent. However, buffer choice is critical for peptide dissolution, stability, and bioassay performance.

• General buffer guidance (literature/generic):

  • Starting buffers: PBS (pH ~7.2–7.4) or HEPES (pH 7.2–7.6) for routine cell-based assays; adjust ionic strength to minimize nonspecific adsorption.
  • Stabilizers: Low concentrations of carrier proteins (e.g., 0.1% BSA) or polysorbates can reduce adsorption to plastics and improve stability for working dilutions, where compatible with assays.
  • Avoid: Strongly basic buffers (pH >9) for prolonged storage and buffers containing reactive carbonyls or strong oxidants.

• Preparation tips:

  • If initial dissolution is difficult, pre-dissolve in a minimal volume of DMSO or dilute acetic acid, then titrate into buffer with mixing to the desired final composition.
  • Filter sterilize through 0.22 μm low-protein-binding membranes if sterility is required.

Item-specific buffer recommendations are not provided for this listing; consult the CoA for any specified diluents or stabilizers if present.

Green Alternatives

Green chemistry considerations for peptide ligands focus on how they are produced, formulated, and used rather than substitution by a different solvent or reagent.

• Production pathway (general):

  • Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is common but solvent-intensive (DMF, DCM). Greener practices include: switching to greener solvents (e.g., N-butylpyrrolidone, 2-MeTHF in select steps), minimizing excess coupling reagents, and on-resin process intensification (literature/generic best practices).
  • Recombinant expression (where feasible for longer peptides) can reduce solvent use but may increase downstream purification complexity.

• Use-phase considerations:

  • Prepare concentrated stocks to minimize solvent volumes; select aqueous buffers over neat organic solvents whenever compatible with peptide solubility and assay biology.
  • Choose low-toxicity co-solvents (e.g., glycerol, small amounts of ethanol) instead of high-toxicity alternatives when assay-compatible.

• Waste minimization:

  • Plan experiments to use aliquots and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles, thereby reducing discarded material.
  • Employ microplate-based bioassays to reduce reagent consumption.

Trade-offs: While greener solvents or recombinant production can reduce environmental footprint, they may impact yield, purity, or bioactivity. For this item, no production route or solvent-of-use is specified; consult the CoA/SDS and institutional green chemistry guidelines.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied strictly for research use only. No clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications are claimed or supported.

• Formulation/excipient context (general information):

  • Peptides of this class may be investigated as reference materials or process controls in pharmaceutical development laboratories, e.g., for analytical method qualification (HPLC/LC–MS), stability-indicating methods, and device compatibility studies.
  • Typical formulation variables explored in development studies include buffer species, pH, ionic strength, surfactants, and tonicity agents; none are specified for this product.

• Pharmacopeial status:

  • No pharmacopeial monograph or compendial status is indicated for this item. If compendial compliance is required, request detailed specifications and documentation in advance.

• Regulatory note:

  • Use is limited to non-clinical laboratory research by qualified personnel, consistent with the Research Use Only (RUO) designation in the Product Data.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications are not provided for this listing; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive values.

• Item-specific data:

  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature expectations for peptide standards (context only):

  • State: Typically supplied lyophilized or as a frozen solution for peptides; hygroscopicity may vary (literature/generic).
  • Solubility: Many research peptides dissolve in sterile water, PBS, or dilute acid; hydrophobic peptides may require a small volume of DMSO or dilute acetic acid before aqueous dilution (literature/generic). Actual solubility and pH stability depend on sequence and counterions.
  • pI/pKa: Peptide acid–base behavior is sequence-dependent; no item-specific pI/pKa provided.
  • UV absorbance: Aromatic residues (Trp/Tyr/Phe) contribute to 280 nm absorbance; precise ε is sequence-dependent (not specified for this item).

Notes:

• Do not treat these general values as specifications. Always verify solubility, concentration, and extinction coefficients empirically for your lot.
• If a specific diluent, counterion, or concentration is required for your assay, confirm with the CoA prior to use.

Quality & Grades

Item-specific quality descriptors are not provided in this listing.

• Item-specific grade/purity:

  • Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• How to interpret common peptide grades (general guidance):

  • Crude: Minimal post-synthesis cleanup; typically unsuitable for quantitative bioassays.
  • Desalted: Salts and small molecule by-products reduced; may still contain sequence-related impurities.
  • ≥90–95% (HPLC): Suitable for many receptor-binding and cell-based assays; verified by analytical RP-HPLC and MS (literature conventions).
  • ≥98% (HPLC): Preferred for high-sensitivity assays or biophysical measurements; reduced impurity background.

• Stabilizers/counterions:

  • Peptide trifluoroacetate (TFA) salts are common in SPPS products; alternative counterions (e.g., acetate, chloride) may be specified on the CoA. None are specified for this item.

• Documentation and verification:

  • For this product, rely on the lot-specific CoA for purity (% by HPLC), identity (MS), counterion content, residual solvents, and water content if applicable. If low UV background or endotoxin limits are critical, confirm their control status prior to purchase.

Reaction & Applications

As a bioactive peptide, Urocortin III (human) is not typically used as a reagent in synthetic organic reactions. Instead, it is employed as a functional ligand in biochemical and pharmacological assays. The following are general, literature-based applications; none are item-specific claims.

• Receptor pharmacology:

  • Selective agonist studies at the CRF type-2 receptor (CRF2/CRHR2): binding assays (radioligand displacement, SPR/BLI) and functional readouts (cAMP accumulation, β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux) in recombinant or native systems.

• Cell and tissue assays:

  • Signal transduction mapping, pathway bias analysis, and receptor internalization/trafficking studies in CRF2-expressing cell lines.
  • Cross-species receptor profiling where orthologs of CRF2 are expressed (literature).

• Biophysical/structural studies:

  • Peptide–receptor interaction characterization by NMR, ITC, or fluorescence anisotropy when appropriately labeled (labeling not specified for this item).

• Analytical uses:

  • Reference standard for HPLC/LC–MS method development in peptide analytics (retention, ionization behavior), contingent on known sequence and purity (not provided here).

Note: For this specific catalog item, consult the CoA for identity, purity, and recommended diluents prior to use in any bioassay.

Reaction Conditions

Conventional reaction-condition guidance (solvent, temperature, catalysts) is not applicable to a finished research peptide ligand intended for bioassays.

• Not typically applicable:

  • There are no standard “reaction conditions” for Urocortin III in the sense of organic synthesis. Any chemical modification (e.g., labeling, PEGylation) requires peptide-specific protocols that depend on the residue composition and protecting groups—none of which are specified for this item.

• General assay handling conditions (literature/generic):

  • Stock solutions are often prepared at 0.1–1 mM in water, buffer, or minimal DMSO, then diluted to nM–μM for receptor assays. Actual concentrations depend on potency and assay design; none are specified for this item.
  • Maintain physiological pH (~7.2–7.4) for live-cell studies and avoid extreme temperatures. Perform stability checks over the assay timeframe.

Please consult primary literature for CRF2 ligand assays and the item’s CoA for any lot-specific preparation notes.

Safety & Handling

Safety information provided with this listing is limited. Default to prudent laboratory practices and your institution’s SOPs when handling research peptides.

• Item-specific GHS data (from Product Data):

  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General guidance for peptide research reagents (not item-specific):

  • PPE: Use lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Avoid inhalation of powders and formation of aerosols.
  • Handling: Open lyophilized vials in a clean, low-dust environment. For weighing, use antistatic tools and a containment hood if possible. Reconstitute with sterile, nuclease-free solvents if sterility is required for bioassays.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and bases can degrade peptides; avoid repeated freeze-thaw which can promote aggregation or degradation.
  • First aid (overview): In case of contact, rinse skin/eyes with water for ≥15 min; if inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth—seek medical advice in all cases. Defer to SDS for authoritative measures.
  • Waste: Dispose of peptide solutions and consumables as chemical/biological laboratory waste per local regulations.

Always consult the SDS for your lot before use; it supersedes general guidance.

Solvent Selection

This section provides general solvent guidance for peptide handling; item-specific solubility is not provided.

• Primary solvents (general/literature):

  • Water or aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS) are common starting points for polar peptides.
  • For hydrophobic sequences, pre-wet with a small volume of DMSO, DMF, or 10–50% acetonitrile/water, then dilute with buffer to working concentration.
  • Dilute acetic acid (0.1–1%) or dilute ammonium bicarbonate can assist dissolution for basic or acidic peptides, respectively.

• Practical tips:

  • Add solvent gradually with gentle vortexing/sonication. Avoid strong alkaline solutions and prolonged exposure to pH >9 unless verified stable.
  • Filter sterilize through low-protein-binding membranes (0.22 μm PVDF/PTFE) if sterility is required.

• Comparison (general):

  • Water/buffer: Biocompatible, minimal interference; limited for hydrophobic peptides.
  • DMSO: Excellent co-solvent for hydrophobic content; keep final DMSO ≤0.1–1% for sensitive cells.
  • Acetonitrile/water: Helpful for stock preparation and HPLC-like environments; may affect cells at higher percentages.

Note: Because sequence and counterion are not specified for this item, determine solubility empirically and confirm compatibility with your assay matrix.

Storage & Reconstitution

Item-specific conditions (from Product Data):

• Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C.

• Shipped In: Ice chest + Ice pads.

• Reconstitution: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General handling guidance for research peptides (not item-specific; for planning only):

• On receipt, promptly store at the indicated temperature. If lyophilized, allow the sealed vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to minimize condensation.
• For working stocks, consider preparing single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Use sterile, low-protein-binding tubes.
• Solvents: Begin with water or appropriate buffer; if insoluble, pre-wet with minimal DMSO or dilute acetic acid before buffer dilution. Verify compatibility with downstream assays.
• Stability: Short-term handling on ice during preparation is recommended. For long-term storage, -20°C or lower as specified; avoid frost-free freezers that cycle temperatures.

Always follow any lot-specific instructions provided on the CoA, which supersede general guidance.

Structure & Identity

Brief overview: Urocortin III (human) is a research-grade peptide belonging to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family. This listing does not include sequence-level identifiers.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data):

  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural class (general/literature):

  • Human Urocortin III (also known as stresscopin) is a linear peptide of the CRF/urocortin family and is a high-affinity, selective endogenous ligand for the CRF type-2 receptor (CRF2/CRHR2) (literature).
  • Composed of standard L-α-amino acids in a peptide backbone with free α-amino/carboxyl termini unless otherwise modified (specific modifications for this item are not provided).

• 2D structural description (general):

  • A polypeptidic chain featuring repeating amide bonds (–CONH–) between α-amino acids, side chains spanning polar, charged, and hydrophobic residues depending on sequence (sequence not provided for this item).

• Stereochemistry (general):

  • Natural peptides are typically in the L-configuration at α-carbons; no D-residue content or post-translational modifications are specified for this item.

Synthetic Utility

Urocortin III (human) is a bioactive peptide ligand rather than a synthetic building block, and it is not typically employed as a reagent or substrate in classical organic synthesis.

• Not typically applicable:

  • Named organic reactions (e.g., cross-couplings, condensations) are generally not performed on intact bioactive peptides for synthetic purposes.

• Where it can be useful (literature/generic):

  • Analytical reference: Benchmark retention time and mass spectral signatures for peptide analytics, aiding method development and instrument qualification.
  • Bioconjugation method development: If the sequence contains reactive residues (e.g., Lys, Cys, Tyr), it may serve as a model substrate to optimize mild labeling protocols; specific residue content is not provided for this item.
  • Structural studies: A model for folding/aggregation propensity and peptide–membrane interactions in biophysical assays.

For classical retrosynthetic planning and small-molecule synthesis, consider instead amino acid derivatives or short protected peptide fragments specifically designed for synthetic transformations.

Target Specificity

Only product-data-derived specificity can be listed here.

• Item-specific target data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General literature context (not specific to this item and not to be construed as a specification): Urocortin III is commonly described as a selective endogenous ligand for the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2/CRHR2) with negligible activity at CRF1 in many systems. Verify target engagement empirically with your assay and lot.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purity of this product, and how is it determined?

This product is supplied at ≥97% purity, determined by HPLC. Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.