Potassium Oxonate - Moligand™, ≥98%(HPLC) , CAS No.2207-75-2

CAS: 2207-75-2 Cat. No.: P137112 Molecular Weight: 195.18 Beilstein Registry Number: 24451 EC Number: 218-627-5 PubChem CID: 2723920

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, ≥98%(HPLC)

Synonyms

Potassium 4,6-Dihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine-2-carboxylate | Oxonic acid potassium salt | Allantoxanic acid potassium salt | Potassium Allantoxanate

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Overview

Oxonic acid potassium salt is an inhibitor of uricase. The product has been used for the inhibition of 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity without the loss of its antitumor activity in rats.It has also been used to induce hyperuricemia in rats; as it inhibits uric acid metabolism.

Specifications

Synonyms

Potassium 4, 6-Dihydroxy-1, 3, 5-triazine-2-carboxylate | Oxonic acid potassium salt | Allantoxanic acid potassium salt | Potassium Allantoxanate

Specifications & Purity

Moligand™, ≥98%(HPLC)

Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms

Uricase inhibitor. Used to induce hyperuricemia in rats as it inhibits uric acid metabolism. Inhibits 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity without the loss of its antitumor activity in rats.

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Grade

Moligand™

Note

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details.

Purity

≥98%(HPLC)

Names and Identifiers

• Pubchem Sid: 488192221
• Pubchem Sid Url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/488192221
• Canonical Smiles: C1(=NC(=O)NC(=O)N1)C(=O)[O-].[K+]
• IUPAC Name: potassium;4,6-dioxo-1H-1,3,5-triazine-2-carboxylate
• InChIKey: IAPCTXZQXAVYNG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
• INCHI: 1S/C4H3N3O4.K/c8-2(9)1-5-3(10)7-4(11)6-1;/h(H,8,9)(H2,5,6,7,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
• Isomeric SMILES: C1(=NC(=O)NC(=O)N1)C(=O)[O-].[K+]
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: RR4580000
• PubChem CID: 2723920
• Molecular Weight: 195.18
• Beilstein: 24451
• Reaxy-Rn: 4049961

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organoheterocyclic compounds
    • Class Triazines
      • Subclass Triazinones

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organoheterocyclic compounds
• Class: Triazines
• Subclass: Triazinones
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Triazinones
• Alternative Parents: 1,3,5-triazines Heteroaromatic compounds Ureas Carboxylic acid salts Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids Azacyclic compounds Organopnictogen compounds Organooxygen compounds Organonitrogen compounds Organic potassium salts Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
• Substituents: Triazinone - 1,3,5-triazine - Heteroaromatic compound - Carboxylic acid salt - Urea - Carboxylic acid derivative - Carboxylic acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Azacycle - Organic alkali metal salt - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic salt - Organic potassium salt - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triazinones. These are compounds containing a triazine ring which bears a ketone group a carbon atom.
• External Descriptors: organic molecular entity

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Associated Targets(non-human)

rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)

Discover Target: rep

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Mechanisms of Action

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Solubility: Soluble in hot water.
• Melt Point(°C): 300 °C
• Molecular Weight: 195.170 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 194.968 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 194.968 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 111.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 12
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 273.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

XLogP3

References

1. Qian Hu, Hongbing Lan, Yinmei Tian, Xiaonan Li, Mengmeng Wang, Jiao Zhang, Yulin Yu, Wei Chen, Li Kong, Yuanyuan Guo, Zhiping Zhang.  (2023)  Biofunctional coacervate-based artificial protocells with membrane-like and cytoplasm-like structures for the treatment of persistent hyperuricemia.  JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE,      [PMID:37992873] [10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.030]

2. Xianghao Lin, Xiaojuan Zou, Baifei Hu, Dongyun Sheng, Tianxiang Zhu, Mingzhu Yin, Hui Xia, Haiming Hu, Hongtao Liu.  (2023)  Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin decoction alleviates potassium oxonate and adenine induced-hyperuricemic nephropathy in mice by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites.  BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY,      [PMID:38147734] [10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116022]

3. Jiana Du, Na Wang, Dehong Yu, Pei He, Yu Gao, Yanbei Tu, Yanfang Li.  (2023)  Data mining-guided alleviation of hyperuricemia by Paeonia veitchii Lynch through inhibition of xanthine oxidase and regulation of renal urate transporters.  PHYTOMEDICINE,      [PMID:38176275] [10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155305]

4. Jiawen Han, Yuwei Zhang, Xujuan Lv, Daoqing Fan, Shaojun Dong.  (2023)  A facile, low-cost bimetallic iron–nickel MOF nanozyme-propelled ratiometric fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and selective uric acid detection and its smartphone application.  Nanoscale,      [PMID:38165141] [10.1039/D3NR05028A]

5. Meijuan Dong, Kun An, Li Mao.  (2023)  High levels of uric acid inhibit BAT thermogenic capacity through regulation of AMPK.  AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM,  325  (4): (E376).  [PMID:37732807] [10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2023]

6. Minyi Lv, Shaoyan Jiang, Shaojie Deng, Zean Zhao, Zichao Yang, Lu Liu, Tao Ke.  (2023)  Discovery and Characterization of Moracin C as an Anti-Gouty Arthritis/Hyperuricemia Candidate by Docking-Based Virtual Screening and Pharmacological Evaluation.  JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS,      [PMID:37625387] [10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00099]

7. Xueqin Wang, Zhenzhen Cui, Yuan Luo, Yu Huang, Xinbin Yang.  (2023)  In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic properties of sodium kaempferol-3′-sulfonate.  FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY,      [PMID:37230458] [10.1016/j.fct.2023.113854]

8. Jianmin Chen, Zemin He, Sijin Yu, Xiaozhen Cai, Danhong Zhu, Yanhua Lin.  (2023)  Xanthine oxidase inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of ellagic acid: In vitro, in silico and in vivo studies.  IET Nanobiotechnology,  17  (4): (368-375).  [PMID:37153957] [10.1049/nbt2.12135]

9. Ziyuan Liu, Huilong Xiang, Qin Deng, Wanting Fu, Yang Li, Zejun Yu, Yinsheng Qiu, Zhinan Mei, Lingyun Xu.  (2023)  Baicalin and baicalein attenuate hyperuricemic nephropathy via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway.  NEPHROLOGY,      [PMID:36974463] [10.1111/nep.14159]

10. Yingling Sui, Deping Xu, Xiulan Sun.  (2023)  Identification of anti-hyperuricemic components from Coix seed.  Food Bioscience,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102461]

11. Wen Peng, Fuyao Liu, Lei Zhang, Liying Zhang, Jing Li.  (2022)  Design, synthesis, and evaluation of tricyclic compounds containing phenyl-tetrazole as XOR inhibitors.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:36462435] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114947]

12. Yin Wan, Dengxiao Wang, Yuefeng Shen, Yanru Chen, Jin Qian, Guiming Fu.  (2022)  Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation on the composition of chlorogenic acids and anti-hyperuricemia activity of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.  Food & Function,  13  (22): (11780-11793).  [PMID:36300542] [10.1039/D2FO01854C]

13. Gao Tianshu, Xu Jin, Xiao Yuxiao, Li Jiaqi, Hu Weifeng, Su Xiaoyu, Shen Xudong, Yu Wan, Chen Zhen, Huang Baosheng, Li Honglei, Wang Xing.  (2022)  Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors on hyperuricemia.  Frontiers in Pharmacology,      [PMID:36120294] [10.3389/fphar.2022.950699]

14. Tianqiao Yong, Danling Liang, Chun Xiao, Longhua Huang, Shaodan Chen, Yizhen Xie, Xiong Gao, Qingping Wu, Huiping Hu, Xiangmin Li, Yuancao Liu, Manjun Cai.  (2022)  Hypouricemic effect of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester in hyperuricemic mice through inhibiting XOD and down-regulating URAT1.  BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY,      [PMID:35750011] [10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113303]

15. Rui Sun, Juan Kan, Huahao Cai, Jinhai Hong, Changhai Jin, Man Zhang.  (2022)  In vitro and in vivo ameliorative effects of polyphenols from purple potato leaves on renal injury and associated inflammation induced by hyperuricemia.  JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY,  46  (2): (e14049).  [PMID:34981522] [10.1111/jfbc.14049]

16. Huilong Xiang, Huan Lei, Ziyuan Liu, Yongjie Liu, Yang Li, Yinsheng Qiu, Lingyun Xu.  (2021)  Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on molecular targets: Mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein against hyperuricemic nephropathy.  TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:34044073] [10.1016/j.taap.2021.115594]

17. Yongmei Li, Zean Zhao, Jian Luo, Yanqing Jiang, Lu Li, Yanyu Chen, Leqi Zhang, Qinghua Huang, Ying Cao, Pingzheng Zhou, Ting Wu, Jianxin Pang.  (2021)  Apigenin ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibiting URAT1 and GLUT9 and relieving renal fibrosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.  PHYTOMEDICINE,      [PMID:34044255] [10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153585]

18. Zhao Ze-an, Jiang Yu, Chen Yan-yu, Wu Ting, Lan Qun-sheng, Li Yong-mei, Li Lu, Yang Yang, Lin Cui-ting, Cao Ying, Zhou Ping-zheng, Guo Jia-yin, Tian Yuan-xin, Pang Jian-xin.  (2021)  CDER167, a dual inhibitor of URAT1 and GLUT9, is a novel and potent uricosuric candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia.  ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA,  43  (1): (121-132).  [PMID:33767379] [10.1038/s41401-021-00640-5]

19. Danling Liang, Tianqiao Yong, Xue Diao, Shaodan Chen, Diling Chen, Chun Xiao, Dan Zuo, Yizhen Xie, Xinxin Zhou, Huiping Hu.  (2021)  Hypouricaemic and nephroprotective effects of Poria cocos in hyperuricemic mice by up-regulating ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2.  PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY,      [PMID:33651969] [10.1080/13880209.2021.1885450]

20. Yanyu Chen, Zean Zhao, Yongmei Li, Yang Yang, Lu Li, Yu Jiang, Cuiting Lin, Ying Cao, Pingzheng Zhou, Yuanxin Tian, Ting Wu, Jianxin Pang.  (2020)  Baicalein alleviates hyperuricemia by promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting xanthine oxidase.  PHYTOMEDICINE,      [PMID:33075645] [10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153374]

21. Xiao-Yun Xiong, Jun Liang, Sheng-Ya Guo, Ming-Zhu Dai, Jia-Li Zhou, Yong Zhang, Yi Liu.  (2020)  A natural complex product Yaocha reduces uric acid level in a live zebrafish model.  JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL METHODS,      [PMID:32087362] [10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106681]

22. Xu Wen-hao, Wang Han-tao, Sun Ying, Xue Zhen-cheng, Liang Ming-li, Su Wei-ke.  (2020)  Antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of extracts from Orthosiphon stamineus in hyperuricemic mice.  JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY,  72  (4): (551-560).  [PMID:31910301] [10.1111/jphp.13222]

23. Tong-Hua Yang, De-Xiu Yan, Xiao-Yan Huang, Bo Hou, Yun-Bao Ma, Hua Peng, Xue-Mei Zhang, Ji-Jun Chen, Chang-An Geng.  (2019)  Termipaniculatones A-F, chalcone-flavonone heterodimers from Terminthia paniculata, and their protective effects on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.  PHYTOCHEMISTRY,      [PMID:31181354] [10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.019]

24. Liping Huang, Jiao Deng, Guangtong Chen, Meng Zhou, Jian Liang, Bo Yan, Jicheng Shu, Yonghong Liang, Huilian Huang.  (2019)  The anti-hyperuricemic effect of four astilbin stereoisomers in Smilax glabra on hyperuricemic mice.  JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:30851369] [10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.004]

25. Qiuxuan Yang, Qilong Wang, Wenwen Deng, Congyong Sun, Qiuyu Wei, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Jixiang Shi, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu.  (2018)  Anti-hyperuricemic and anti-gouty arthritis activities of polysaccharide purified from Lonicera japonica in model rats.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:30445085] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.077]

26. Tianqiao Yong, Shaodan Chen, Yizhen Xie, Diling Chen, Jiyan Su, Ou Shuai, Huiping Hu, Dan Zuo, Danling Liang.  (2018)  Hypouricemic Effects of Armillaria mellea on Hyperuricemic Mice Regulated through OAT1 and CNT2.  AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE,  46  (03): (585-599).  [PMID:29595077] [10.1142/S0192415X18500301]

27. Hui Wang, Ying Peng, Tingjian Zhang, Qunsheng Lan, Huimin Zhao, Wenbao Wang, Yufei Zhao, Xu Wang, Jianxin Pang, Shaojie Wang, Jiang Zheng.  (2017)  Metabolic Epoxidation Is a Critical Step for the Development of Benzbromarone-Induced Hepatotoxicity.  DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION,  45  (12): (1354-1363).  [PMID:29021351] [10.1124/dmd.117.077818]

28. Ran Zhao, Dong Chen, Hualing Wu.  (2017)  Effects of Pu-erh ripened tea on hyperuricemic mice studied by serum metabolomics.  JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES,      [PMID:29069630] [10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.002]

29. Ran Zhao, Dong Chen, Hualing Wu.  (2016)  Pu-erh ripened tea resists to hyperuricemia through xanthine oxidase and renal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice.  Journal of Functional Foods,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.020]

30. Wu Jing, Yang Xiaolan, Wang Deqiang, Hu Xiaolei, Liao Juan, Rao JingJing, Pu Jun, Zhan Chang-guo, Liao Fei.  (2016)  A Numerical Approach for Kinetic Analysis of the Nonexponential Thermoinactivation Process of Uricase.  PROTEIN JOURNAL,  35  (4): (318-329).  [PMID:27480193] [10.1007/s10930-016-9675-9]

31. Haiyan Zhou, Xiaolei Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xinying Zhu, Lei Zhang, Jing Li.  (2019)  Synthesis and bioevaluation of 1-phenylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:31761385] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111883]

32. Zean Zhao, Jin Liu, Peihua Kuang, Jian Luo, Goverdhan Surineni, Xiaolin Cen, Ting Wu, Ying Cao, Pingzheng Zhou, Jianxin Pang, Qun Zhang, Jianjun Chen.  (2021)  Discovery of novel verinurad analogs as dual inhibitors of URAT1 and GLUT9 with improved Druggability for the treatment of hyperuricemia.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:34998055] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114092]

33. Wei Li, Haihong Chen, Hongliang Chen, Ziyin Li, Wei Hu, Qinxuan Zhou, Bing Xu, Yi Wang, XinHui Xing.  (2024)  Andrias davidianus bone peptides alleviates hyperuricemia-induced kidney damage in vitro and in vivo.  Food Science and Human Wellness,      [PMID:] [10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250157]

34. Jiang Yanan, Zhang Chengyi, Zhang Xinyue, Lan Na, Zhao Zihan, Xv Yawei, Wang Qi, Wang Siwei, Chen Baifeng, Chen Xi, Wang Yilin.  (2024)  Antigout effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids from prunus tomentosa.  TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH CARE,      [PMID:38759051] [10.3233/THC-248019]

35. Gao Hong-Xue, Liu Zhi-Qiang, Hou Zong, Song Feng-Rui, Xing Jun-Peng, Zheng Zhong, Liu Shu.  (2024)  Comprehensive Screening and Evaluation of Anti-gout Activity of Plantago asiatica L. through Integrated In vivo and In vitro Methodologies.  World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,      [PMID:] [10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_75_24]

36. Zean Zhao, Xinhua Chen, Jiajun Luo, Mengyu Chen, Jian Luo, Jianjun Chen, Zhonghuang Li, Shanhe Wan, Ting Wu, Jiajie Zhang, Jianxin Pang, Yuanxin Tian.  (2024)  Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of isobavachin derivatives as hURAT1 inhibitors for hyperuricemia agents.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:39142150] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116753]

37. Chao Yang, Haojie Cai, Xinying Zhu, Lei Zhang, Jing Li.  (2024)  Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-phenyl substituted pyridine derivatives as potential dual inhibitors of XOR and URAT1.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:38663283] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116407]

38. Fengxin Zheng, Jiale Ke, Shiqin Lin, Wenjie Ye, Zhenkun Wu, Yuexin Xu, Suiqing Mai, Yishuang Chen, Zitao Guo, Huazhong Hu, Shuqin Zhang, Jianxin Pang, Qun Zhang, Zean Zhao.  (2024)  Discovery of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside as a novel CNT2 inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia.  BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:39753042] [10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.108108]

39. Fengxin Zheng, Suiqing Mai, Xiaolin Cen, Pei Zhao, Wenjie Ye, Jiale Ke, Shiqin Lin, Huazhong Hu, Zitao Guo, Shuqin Zhang, Hui Liao, Ting Wu, Yuanxin Tian, Qun Zhang, Jianxin Pang, Zean Zhao.  (2024)  Discovery of digallic acid as XOD/URAT1 dual target inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia.  BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:38669781] [10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107381]

40. Zhen-Ping Zou, Ju-Ling Li, Yi-Fan Zhang, Ying Zhou, Bang-Ce Ye.  (2024)  Empowering probiotics with high xanthine transport for effective hyperuricemia management.  Gut Microbes,      [PMID:39288233] [10.1080/19490976.2024.2399213]

41. Li Hao, Yulian Ding, Yan Fan, Qiaoji Tian, Yang Liu, Yueting Guo, Jian Zhang, Hu Hou.  (2024)  Identification of Hyperuricemia Alleviating Peptides from Yellow Tuna Thunnus albacares.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:38757561] [10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09901]

42. Fan Yang, Lu Sun, Yingjie Gao, Jingzhen Liang, Wenqian Ye, Wenjing Yang, Siyi Xie, Jiangtao Zhou, Rongshan Li.  (2024)  Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics to Explore the Potential Mechanism of β-Sitosterol Against Hyperuricemia Nephropathy.  JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY,  2024  (1): (7645677).  [PMID:] [10.1155/2024/7645677]

43. Xueting Zhao, Peng Cai, Shijin Xiong, Benliang Wei, Tonghao Du, Tao Huang, Qiang Yu, Mingyong Xie, Tao Xiong.  (2024)  Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NCUH061012 alleviates hyperuricemia via modulating gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in mice.  Food Bioscience,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.fbio.2024.103699]

44. Xia Liu, Xing-Qiu Liang, Tian-Cai Lu, Zhe Feng, Min Zhang, Nan-Qing Liao, Feng-Lian Zhang, Bo Wang, Li-Sheng Wang.  (2024)  Leech Poecilobdella manillensis protein extract ameliorated hyperuricemia by restoring gut microbiota dysregulation and affecting serum metabolites.  WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY,      [PMID:39156502] [10.3748/wjg.v30.i29.3488]

45. Haonan Yu, Zhenyou Lou, Tingbo Wu, Xiaochun Wan, Haitao Huang, Yuanyuan Wu, Bo Li, Youying Tu, Puming He, Junsheng Liu.  (2024)  Mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in ameliorating hyperuricemia: insights into gut microbiota and intestinal function in a mouse model.  Food & Function,  15  (11): (6068-6081).  [PMID:38757391] [10.1039/D4FO01606H]

46. Jianan Yang, Tonglian Jiang, Xun Lu, Xiang li, Xuling Zhou, Xinxin Guo, Chengxin Ma, Xiaobei Xie, Dongxiao Li, Siqi Yu, Jiayi An, Binghai Zhao, Hongzhi Li.  (2024)  METTL14 downregulates GLUT9 through m6A methylation and attenuates hyperuricemia-induced fibrosis in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells.  INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:39393275] [10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113308]

47. Jia-Sheng Tian, Yu-Chen Wei, Peng Wang, Qi-Sheng Ling, Dao-Xin Wang, Zhi Wang, Zhu-Wei Miao, Chao-Yu Miao.  (2024)  Pharmacological effects of MT-1207 in bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension and its hypotensive targets validation.  BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY,      [PMID:39106710] [10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117234]

48. Zeng Si-Min, Zheng Di-Wei, Pan Ting, Ding Xing-Lan, Zhang Yun, Yang Chi-Hui, Cheng Si-Xue, Zhang Xian-Zheng.  (2025)  Physarum polycephalum-inspired adaptive optimization design of artificial microtubular networks.  Science China-Chemistry,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s11426-024-2305-8]

49. Lu Li, Kunlu Zhao, Jian Luo, Jinhong Tian, Fengxin Zheng, Xueman Lin, Zijun Xie, Heyang Jiang, Yongmei Li, Zean Zhao, Ting Wu, Jianxin Pang.  (2024)  Piperine Improves Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Inhibiting URAT1/GLUT9 and the AKT-mTOR Pathway.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:38498316] [10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07655]

50. Yongmei Li, Fengxin Zheng, Shiqi Zhong, Kunlu Zhao, Hui Liao, Jiacheng Liang, Qiang Zheng, Huicong Wu, Shifan Zhang, Ying Cao, Ting Wu, Jianxin Pang.  (2024)  Protecting against ferroptosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy: The potential of ferrostatin-1 and its inhibitory effect on URAT1.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:38556118] [10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176528]

51. Yong-jun Chen, Zi-tao Guo, Hai-qiao Chen, Shi-fan Zhang, Ying-xia Bao, Zhoufan Xie, Jia-le Ke, Wen-jie Ye, Jia-cheng Liang, Jia-chen Chen, Ning Li, Feng-xin Zheng, Hui Liao, Ting Wu, Jian-xin Pang.  (2024)  Salinomycin, a potent inhibitor of XOD and URAT1, ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by activating NRF2, modulating the gut microbiota, and promoting SCFA production.  CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS,      [PMID:39222901] [10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111220]

52. Xiqian Tan, Anqi Sun, Shuaibo Gao, Fangchao Cui, Dangfeng Wang, Xuepeng Li, Jianrong Li.  (2024)  Screen and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria with the ability to modulate energy metabolism and degrade uric acid.  Food Bioscience,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105723]

53. Xiaocui Jiang, Xiaoming Yu, Zhongyi Zhu, Yinjuan Lyu, Xinyu Jiang, Zihao Liu, Jigang Cao, Min Xiao.  (2024)  Shenling Baizhu San improves spermatogenic dysfunction in hyperuricemia mice by regulating Sirt3/Nrf2 to inhibit testicular ferroptosis.  JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:39743187] [10.1016/j.jep.2024.119310]

54. Jie Xiong, Jia-Juan Wu, Dong-mei Liu, Muhammad Yousaf, Liu-Jun Liu, Suping Zeng, Qinqin Li, Jun Tang, Yaping Wu.  (2024)  The alleviating effects and mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MC14 on hyperuricemia in mice.  Food Bioscience,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105256]

55. Qianxu Wang, Jiarui Liang, Qianhui Zou, Wenxiu Wang, Guiming Yan, Rui Guo, Tian Yuan, Yutang Wang, Xuebo Liu, Zhigang Liu.  (2024)  Tryptophan Metabolism-Regulating Probiotics Alleviate Hyperuricemia by Protecting the Gut Barrier Integrity and Enhancing Colonic Uric Acid Excretion.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:39564988] [10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07716]

56. Liting Zhu, Linjie Mu, Xiaoqiu Ni, Feng Wang, Xinyi Peng, Yujiu Gao, Tingting Wei, Congcong Zeng, Yongheng Bai, Fangyan Wang, Zhengzhong Yuan, Jinguo Cheng.  (2025)  Xin-Zi-Sheng-Wan decoction alleviates hyperuricemia-induced renal injury by modulating SPP1-CD44-mediated macrophage infiltration and SRC/FAK/β-catenin signaling pathway.  JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:40683425] [10.1016/j.jep.2025.120305]

57. Yuanfan Wu, Xia Sun, Yuhan Jia, Tianshu Gao, Jin Xu, Youqiao Qian, Naiqi Pei, Lilin Wang, Qiaohong Zheng, Honglei Li, Zhen Chen, Yijiao Liu, Yang Ma, Hui Chen, Yuanyuan Ye, Jiaxin Zhao, Yi Zhou, Xiaoqing Chen, Baosheng Huang, Yefeng Liu, Yin Zhu, Ning Xue, Juan Zhang, Guangfeng Ji, Xing Wang.  (2025)  Therapeutic effect and mechanism of gigantol on hyperuricemia.  Frontiers in Endocrinology,      [PMID:40801026] [10.3389/fendo.2025.1474808]

58. Wu Dan, Niu Jingjie, Hu Jianping, Wang Hao, Kuang Haixue.  (2025)  Metabolomics combined with metagenomics analysis reveals the potential mechanism of Zhejiang psyllium polysaccharides against hyperuricemia in rats.  Scientific Reports,  15  (1): (1-13).  [PMID:40624236] [10.1038/s41598-025-09048-1]

59. Jie Xiao, Weiwei He, Xiaoyang Fang, Rongrong Zhou, Ao Huang, Yikun Wang, Qing Du, Linben Xu, Fei Cheng, Hongliang Zeng.  (2025)  Smilax glabra Roxb. Meliorates Hyperuricemia via Regulating Renal Urate Transporter and Remodelulating Intestinal Microbiota in Mice.  CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION,  43  (7): (e70100).  [PMID:40624868] [10.1002/cbf.70100]

60. Yu Dong-hua, Wang Yu, Yu Chun-Miao, Zhou Qi, Liu Shu-min, Liu Ting-ting.  (2025)  Construction of ceRNA networks in joint tissues of gouty arthritis rats based on transcriptome sequencing.  AIP Advances,  15  (7):   [PMID:] [10.1063/5.0271292]

61. Jiana Du, Yan Liu, Lizi Li, Qin Yin, Dehong Yu, Pei He, Na Wang, Ruiying Yuan, Zhujun Yin, Yanbei Tu, Yanfang Li.  (2025)  Natural Polyphenol Pentagalloyl Glucose as a Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor for Hyperuricemia Treatment.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:40847943] [10.1021/acs.jafc.5c04078]

62. Suiqing Mai, Jiale Ke, Shiqin Lin, Rongrong Huang, Fengxin Zheng, He Jiao, Hong Wang, Shuqin Zhang, Mengying Mao, Qiuping Li, Zean Zhao, Jianxin Pang, Qun Zhang.  (2025)  5-O-Methylvisammioside, a novel inhibitor of CNT2, improves hyperuricemia by inhibiting intestinal purine nucleoside absorption with a safe profile.  BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:40816627] [10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117236]

63. Wuxin Hou, Jizhuang Zuo, Yongle Gao, Yao Wang, Li Liu.  (2025)  Valorization of chitosan-derived humins for removal of Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI).  Chemical Engineering Journal Advances,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100894]

64. Xiqian Tan, Anqi Sun, Shuaibo Gao, Zixiao Shen, Lijun You, Fangchao Cui, Xuepeng Li, Jianrong Li.  (2025)  Weissella cibaria X1 fermentation enhances the UA-lowering ability of Carthamus tinctorius L. via metabolic regulation.  Food Bioscience,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107643]

65. Wang Huijuan, Chen Xiaoxu, Song Rui, Li Xinghui, Tao Beibei, Mao Jianchun.  (2017)  Qi-Zhu-Xie-Zhuo-Fang reduces serum uric acid levels and ameliorates renal fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy rats.  BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY,      [PMID:28463799] [10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.031]

66. Ze-Rui Sun, Hui-Zhen Peng, Mao-Si Fan, Dong Chang, Ming-Yue Wang, Meng-Fei An, Li-Juan Zhang, Rui Zan, Jun Sheng, Yun-Li Zhao, Xuan-Jun Wang.  (2025)  Dihydromyricetin ameliorates hyperuricemia through inhibiting uric acid reabsorption.  JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE,      [PMID:40202030] [10.1002/jsfa.14126]

67. Huijia Mao, Yang Fan, Fang Tan, Xingyao Long.  (2025)  The effects of Bifidobacterium animalis QC08 on reducing uric acid level and providing renal protection in mice with hyperuricemia.  Frontiers in Microbiology,      [PMID:39949621] [10.3389/fmicb.2025.1529626]

68. Yuan Luo, Jinyan Xie, Hao Yang, Yu Huang, Xinbin Yang.  (2025)  Xanthine oxidase inhibitory and anti-hyperuricemic properties of sulfonate derivatives of naringenin.  BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:40441027] [10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108618]

69. Jianmei Sun, Zhouyang Shen, Yuling Sun, Ye You, Chan Zhu, Shuo Cheng, Guang Yu, Yan Yang, Zongxiang Tang.  (2025)  Comparison of the anti-hyperuricemia effects of several cinnamic acid derivatives.  JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE,      [PMID:40344588] [10.1002/jsfa.14341]

70. Shoutao Wang, Jing Chen, Ying Li, Yong Wang.  (2025)  Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed meal alleviates hyperuricemia in mice by regulating uric acid metabolism and intestinal homeostasis.  FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL,      [PMID:40597493] [10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116770]

71. Xinjian Bi, Ruibo Huang, Tingmin Qu, Ying Wu, Hao Wu, Daichen Mu, Jian Hu, Juan Liao, Yanting Duan, Li Wen.  (2025)  Screening and Identification of Multitarget Uric Acid-Lowering Peptides Derived from Rice Residue Protein and Analysis of Their Mechanisms.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:40553021] [10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01770]

72. Xiaolin Cen, Suiqing Mai, Rongrong Huang, Shiqin Lin, Yishang Chen, Shuqin Zhang, Pei Zhao, Dong Guo, Xinzhi Liang, Yitao Zhao, Huancun Feng, Zhisheng Xiao, Xinya Lu, Haoyu Wan, Hong Wang, Denghui Xie, Jianxin Pang, Qun Zhang.  (2025)  Isobavachin alleviates hyperuricemia-induced bone loss by GPR35-NLRP3 signal.  PHYTOMEDICINE,      [PMID:41075515] [10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157368]

73. Ying Chen, Shuhui Hu, Yanjun Guo, Yan Wang, Lei Chen, Xin He, Yajie Yu, Andong Ji, Shengjie Pei, Kelei Li, Xiaofei Guo, Duo Li.  (2025)  Apple polyphenols alleviate hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and promoting uric acid excretion.  Journal of Functional Foods,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jff.2025.107052]

74. Yong Li, Ying Ding, Chenxu Liu, Yunchao Li, Xinyu Guo, Meidan Huo, Linjing Jia, Haiwei Xu, Hailing Qiao, Na Gao.  (2025)  Dual effects of a new CYP2E1 inhibitor on gout: anti-inflammatory actions and lowered uric acid levels.  DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION,      [PMID:41411867] [10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100207]

75. Xin-Yao Li, Bang-Yin Tan, Yue Zhang, Yan-Lin Lv, Yun-Li Zhao, Xiao-Dong Luo.  (2025)  Renoprotective Effects of Stemona sessilifolia via Suppression of the c-Myc/c-Fos/MAPK Pathway in Hyperuricemic Nephropathy.  JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:41317808] [10.1016/j.jep.2025.120969]

76. Yiyang Hu, Xueyan Song, Haichang Li.  (2025)  Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Therapeutic Effects of Electroacupuncture at BL23 on Hyperuricemia-Induced Nephritis.  International Journal of Genomics,  2025  (1): (2494933).  [PMID:41278550] [10.1155/ijog/2494933]

77. Qi-tao Chen, Qiao-ling Huang, Ming-zhi Han, Xue-hui Hong, De-yi Feng, Lu-ming Yao, Wen-bin Hong, Yue Chen, Ya-ying Huang, Hang-zi Chen, Qiao Wu.  (2025)  ITM2B Truncation Promotes Migrasome Formation to Accelerate Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth.  Advanced Science,      [PMID:41319268] [10.1002/advs.202511683]

78. Zhang Zhiyang, Xu Nixi, Tao Zean, Liang Yun, Jin Lixia, Li Zhuoxuan, Cao Yuanwu, Jiang Chang, Chen Zixian.  (2025)  Ccn1 Mediates Pyroptosis and Purine Metabolism Pattern Shifts in a High-Uric Acid Microenvironment After Spinal Cord Injury.  MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY,  63  (1): (229).  [PMID:41324748] [10.1007/s12035-025-05529-6]

79. Li Jiachang, Ma Yuhan, Wang Yanni, Chen Yizhi, Wei JiaLi.  (2025)  The Positive Feedback Loop of HIF-1α/miR-295/FIH-1 in Hyperuricemic Nephropathy.  Kidney360,      [PMID:41433111] [10.34067/KID.0000001069]

80. Hongyu Zhang, Da Wang, Chaoran Li, Fengchen Xu, Xiangheng Cao, Bingkun Bao, Mengge Zhao, Xuebo Liu.  (2025)  Comprehensive Evaluation of the Antihyperuricemic Effect of Red Kidney Bean Anthocyanins and Molecular Screening of the Lead Candidate.  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:41462435] [10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14579]

81. Guosen Ou, Jialin Wu, Shiqi Wang, Wensong Bi, Rui Peng, Pei Liu, Yawen Jiang, Yaokang Chen, Huachong Xu, Li Deng, Huan Zhao, Xiaoyin Chen, Lu Xu.  (2026)  Plantago asiatica L. extract alleviates hyperuricemia-associated renal injury by modulating gut microbiota to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation.  PHYTOMEDICINE,      [PMID:41539089] [10.1016/j.phymed.2026.157771]

82. Ya Li, Xinxin Li, Huaxian Li, Weiwei Yan, Qing Dai, Peijun Han, Wenlan Wang.  (2026)  Hyperbaric oxygen improves combined drug-induced hyperuricemia model in rats by remodeling gut microbiota and regulating host metabolism.  BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS,      [PMID:41628536] [10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.153371]

83. Hongyu Zhang, Da Wang, Xiangheng Cao, Baiyu Zheng, Ruiyang Qiu, Wenhui Xu, Koukou Duan, Shuping Wei, Mengge Zhao, Shichao Han.  (2026)  A Novel Strategy in Managing Spent Probiotic Culture Media: Metabolome Identified Functional Candidates Against Hyperuricemia.  JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE,  91  (2): (e70897).  [PMID:41630398] [10.1111/1750-3841.70897]

84. Chunyu Wang, Yixin Zheng, Qingwen Cui, Yuxin Jiang, Jinhe Wang, Tianyu Zhang, Yuxin Song, Xiao Guo, Manli Wang, Liping An.  (2026)  Mechanism of Portulaca oleracea acidic polysaccharide in ameliorating renal injury in hyperuricemia mice by regulating the CMPK2/NLRP3 pathway.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.151176]

85. Hailong Zhang, Jiaxin Huang, Wenji Yang, Wenhu Zhou, Jinsong Ding, Qianbin Li, Gaoyun Hu.  (2026)  A Novel Dual URAT1/GLUT9 Inhibitor Reduces Hyperuricemia by Enhancing Uric Acid Excretion and Attenuating Renal Fibrosis.  Pharmaceuticals,  19  (3): (490).  [PMID:41901335] [10.3390/ph19030490]

86. Hongyu Zhang, Chaoran Li, Tianjiao Li, Fuyu Li, Xiangheng Cao, Yang Yang, Da Wang, Mingyou Yuan, Qiuyi Li, Xuebo Liu, Mengge Zhao.  (2026)  Bioconversion properties of the urate-lowering probiotic fermented Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) and its antihyperuricemic capacity via regulating metabolic/immune pathways and gut microbiota.  Food & Function,      [PMID:] [10.1039/D6FO00440G]

87. Jiao Kong, Yujia Chen, Shuanghui Lu, Lvexiang Yuan, Tao He, Minlei Dong, Yingqiong Zhang, Xiaoyi Pan, Hui Zhou, Huidi Jiang.  (2026)  Pollen of Brassica campestris L. ameliorates hyperuricemic and obstructive nephropathy by targeting the β-catenin/TCF4-ferroptosis pathway.  JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jep.2026.121611]