Clinical trial

Knowledge of normal erythrocyte diameter size, size changes, morphological changes

Knowledge of the principles and techniques of erythrocyte counting (microscopic imaging)

Blood collection site: WHO recommends that peripheral blood should be taken from the inside of the tip of the middle finger or ring finger. In some places in Ch

This experiment is mainly used for the determination of hemoglobin.

Principles and techniques of microscopic counting methods for palm-tip leukocyte counting.

Knowledge of the principles and techniques of basophil counting by neutral red method

Reticulocytes are the transitional cells between late juvenile erythrocyte denucleation and fully mature erythrocytes, because of its cytoplasm there is still a

Knowledge of eosinophil counting principles and techniques

EDTAX2 anticoagulated blood under certain conditions, centrifugal precipitation, and thus measured the percentage of its red blood cells in the volume of whole

Knowledge of ESR measurement principles and techniques

Dot-colored red blood cells is a kind of more naive red blood cells, the cells contain hemoglobin, but also contains basophilic substances, the alkaline dye sta

Knowledge of the principles of the clot regression test and observation of the results

Knowledge of platelet counting principles and techniques

Principles and Techniques of Coagulation Time Measurement from Mudanjiang Medical College

A method of blood cell counting and volumetric determination based on the detection of changes in electrical resistance induced by leukocytes suspended in an el

Master the principles and techniques of enzyme-mediated determination of Rh blood group, this experiment is from the Mudanjiang Medical College undergraduate 5-

Master the principle and technique of ABO blood group determination, this experiment source Mudanjiang Medical College

Check whether there are incompatible antigens and antibodies in the donor and recipient blood. This experiment is derived from the clinical experiment guide of

Erythrocytes carry a large negative charge on their surface to avoid spontaneous agglutination. When erythrocytes are suspended in electrolytes, cations are att

To check whether the blood of the recipient or donor contains antigens and antibodies that are incompatible with the Rh blood group, this experiment is derived

gravimetric method First, the experimental principle: urine hydrometer is a liquid hydrometer, can measure the specific gravity of urine under the specified te

Fat is soluble in ether, and fat droplets can be recognized by staining.This experiment was derived from the Mudanjiang Medical College undergraduate 5-year cli

The addition of sodium nitrosoferrocyanide to urine containing ketone bodies resulted in the appearance of a purple ring when it was dissociated from the ammoni

Heating can denature the protein and solidify it, and adding acid can make the protein close to the isoelectric point, which can lead to the precipitation of th

In the reagent tape there is no glucose oxidase (GOD) peroxidase (POD) pigment original and weak acidic buffer composed of the reaction reagent and as the base

Urobilinogen reacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acidic solution to produce a red compound, which is derived from the clinical experiment guide of the 5-

Sulfosalicylic acid is an alkaloidal reagent, the cation of the protein amino group on the acidic sulfonate ion combines to form an insoluble protein salt preci

Heating can denature the protein and solidify it, and adding acid can make the protein close to the isoelectric point, which can lead to the precipitation of th

In recent years, enzyme immunoassay technology has developed rapidly. The methods of HCG detection are endless. At present, the detection methods applying enzym

Phenylpyruvic acid reacts with trivalent iron ions to produce a blue color, interfering with the color development and causing a false-negative reaction of the

Lab Notes: 1. The fresh pH value of urine should be below 6. 2, the examined urine SG in 1.026 or less, such as <1.016 for hypotonic urine easy to destroy

1, clean slides with isotonic saline for 1-2 d, selecting abnormal parts of the feces, or selecting different parts of the feces to be directly smeared. 2. It

Is based on the working principle of flow cytometry designed for urine sediment analysis, this type of instrument is less expensive, higher analytical efficienc

Myoglobin, like hemoglobin, contains the heme gene in the molecule and has peroxidase-like activity that can be detected by the reaction of benzidine and o-tolu

There are latex agglutination test and blood inhibition test, radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), monoclonal antibody colloidal g

Ferrous hemoglobin in o-toluidine zone method hemoglobin has peroxide E-like activity. It can catalyze H2O2 to release the new ecological O2 to oxidize the rece

Exudate may contain a large amount of plasma membrane proteins (also known as acidic glycoproteins Pr) whose isoelectric point is between PH 3-5 and can produce

After the semen bath is liquefied, take 1 drop of the mixed semen specimen on a clean slide with a coverslip, and then observe the presence of spermatozoa and t

The fructose of seminal plasma is co-cooled with resorcinol in an acidic environment at 90℃ to produce a red compound, the color of which is directly proportio

If fecal urocholine (fecal cholestrol) is present in the feces, add high mercury chloride to produce a red color compound. This experiment is derived from the M

Sulfosalicylic acid is an alkaloidal reagent that can precipitate proteins, but the ability to precipitate white Pr is stronger than ball Pr. After adding Na2SO

Saturated ammonium sulfate can precipitate globular Pr. The content of globular Pr in normal cerebrospinal fluid is very low. Therefore, the positive result, if

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microscopy is used to count and categorize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells to provide a basis for determining various diseases. This e

The principle of PAS reaction to show sugars is due to the polysaccharides containing glycol groups, under the action of periodic acid, oxidation to produce ald

Sudan black B (SB) is a fat-soluble dye, which can be dissolved in the lipid-containing structures in the cell plasma, so that the lipids in the cytoplasm appea

This test is to determine the resistance of erythrocytes to different concentrations of hypotonic saline solution, this resistance is closely related to the rat

The peroxide E in the cell decomposes hydrogen peroxide to release O atoms, which oxidize benzidine and change it to benzidine orchid, causing the cell plasma t

Ferritin and ferritin (extracellular iron) in bone marrow and iron particles (intracellular iron) in naive erythrocytes interact with potassium ferrocyanide to

Alkaline phosphatase in cell tissues hydrolyzes the substrate (sodium naphthol a-monophosphate) in the action solution in an alkaline (PH 9.0-9.6) environment t

Nonspecific esterase (Nonspecific, esteras. NSE) staining method can be divided into three categories: neutral non-specific esterase, acidic non-specific estera

In the presence of glucose-6-phosphate (GbB) and NADP, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is able to use NADP to reduce to NADPH, which does not fluoresce

This test uses the patient's erythrocytes to cause hemolysis to occur after incubation in their own serum (containing complement) at 37°C due to acid productio

The sucrose hemolysis test can be used (1) to observe whether hemolysis occurs by destruction of red blood cells, and (2) this test is often used in conjunction

The purpose of the indirect test is to check for the presence of free incomplete antibodies in the serum. First, Rh(D)-positive O-type (or the same type as the

Under the action of thrombin, fibrinogen releases peptide A and peptide B, and then transforms into fibrin monomer (FM) and fibrin degradation product (FDP) to

Erythrocytes from patients with PNH, due to their inherent defects, have increased sensitivity to complement and are easily destroyed by hemolysis in acidified

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a kind of autoimmune hemolytic syndrome patients produce a kind of cold-reactive antibody (D-L antibody), this antibody

The distribution of blood cells in the bone marrow of healthy adults at different stages of development is highly variable, and a normal bone marrow picture is

Blood color: anemia is not obvious in mild cases, but obvious anemia in severe cases, which is macrocytic orthochromatic. MCV is increased parallel to the degre

Acute primitive granulocytic leukemia (AML) is the most common type in adults, accounting for about 30.80% of acute leukemias, with an average of about 50%, and

Plasma D-dimer assay (D-dizller, D-D) detection is commonly used in the following two methods. 1, latex agglutination method, subject to the plasma added to the

Toluidine blue can neutralize the anticoagulant effect of heparin, when the prothrombin time is prolonged, can be added to the plasma to be examined, or prolong

l. Erythrocyte and hemoglobin depression is less severe than in acute granulomas, and juvenile erythrocytes are rare. 2. The white blood cell count is elevated

Retrovirus is an acquired myelopoietic dysfunction disease, the patient's bone marrow hematopoietic tissue is reduced, the red bone marrow is replaced by adipos

Iron deficient anemia (iron deficient unemia) is an anemia that occurs when the stored iron available in the body for the production of hemoglobin has been depl

Blood: significant anemia, moderately elevated leukocytes similar to M1, predominantly primitive and early juvenile granulocytes, moderate to severe thrombocyto

Blood picture: white blood cell count is obviously increased, up to (500-20O)×109/L, all stages of sclerophilic granulocytes are obviously increased, and conti

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphatic cbronic lymphvcytic leukemia cll) is a malignant proliferative disease of lymphocytes in the lymphatic system wi

Blood picture: most cases have moderate anemia, usually of the normocytic orthochromatic type, but also of the hypochromatic type, total leukocyte counts are mo

Hematology: 1、Acute type: the white blood cell count is normal, increased or decreased, basophils are obviously dominant, up to 30-80%, accompanied by a certa

Blood picture: the vast majority of patients have different degrees of anemia, the severity of anemia with the progress of the disease and aggravation of the an

Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a leukemic malignant proliferative disease of the coarse cell system, according to the natural course of the disease, chronic g

Subacute granulocytic leukemia (subacute) is a subtype of acute granulomatous leukemia proposed by the Institute of Hematology of the Chinese Academy of Medical

Hemoglobin and red blood cell count is mildly to moderately reduced, some cases of severe reduction, white blood cell count in most cases below 15 × 109 / L, b

Blood picture: total blood cell reduction is the typical blood picture manifestation of this disease, anemia progressively aggravates, hemoglobin can be less th

Nucleic acids are water-soluble compounds of polyanions that can combine with many 1-valent and 2-valent ions to form salts, the latter of which do not dissolve

Master the production of enzyme standard curve, the determination of enzyme fixed time method and the use of semi-automated analyzer. This experiment is from Mu

The phenomenon of a charged substance flowing in an electric field in the direction opposite to its polarity is called electrophoresis. Each protein in serum ha

To examine the accuracy of enzyme activity measurement in the presence of interfering substances, this experiment is from the Mudanjiang Medical College undergr

Utilizing the differences in the number of charges and particle sizes of various apolipoproteins at a certain pH, so as to obtain different migration shelters i

Protein-free hemofiltrate preparation experiments can be used for (1) precipitation of proteins by protein precipitants and (2) removal of precipitated proteins

In pH4.2 buffer, albumin as a cation, combined with the anionic dye bromocresol green (BCG) to form a blue-green compound, there is an absorption peak at a wave

Serum glucose undergoes a non-enzymatic glycation reaction with the amino group at the N-terminus of albumin and other serum protein molecules to form a macromo

Through this experiment, students can master the principle of o-toluidine method of blood glucose measurement, the preparation of reagents and learn the method

I. Intra-lot reproducibility test Purpose: To examine the random error of the experimental method and evaluate the precision of the method. II. Recovery test

Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to glucuronic acid and produces hydrogen peroxide: glucose ten 2H2O + O2 = gluconic acid ten 2H2O2. This expe

When 0.6 mol/L perchloric acid is used to determine the protein in serum, mucin is not precipitated and remains in the filtrate, then phosphotungstic acid is ad

All compounds containing two formamide groups (-CONH2-) in the molecule can interact with alkaline copper solution to form a purplish-red compound, this reactio

Through this experiment, trainees can master the principle and method of plasma fibrinogen determination and the preparation of reagents. This experiment is fro

Bound bilirubin in serum can react directly with diazo reagent to produce azo bilirubin, under the same conditions, free bilirubin must have an accelerator, so

This method uses L-T-glutamic acid α-naphthylamine as a substrate, and under GGT catalysis, the T-glutamic acid group is transferred to bis-glycopeptide fracti

Flame photometric analysis, is a kind of emission spectrometry, the solution to be measured by compressed air atomization in the combustible gas mixture after c

To enable students to master the determination of urea nitrogen, this experiment is from the Mudanjiang Medical College undergraduate 5-year laboratory guide fo

Chloride in the specimen interacts with mercury thiocyanate to produce mercury chloride that is difficult to dissociate and releases a considerable amount of th

Isopropanol was used, and bilirubin was adsorbed with alumina during extraction equal to the interferents (phospholipids and glycerol were also adsorbed, and th

This method uses isopropanol to extract serum TG, alumina adsorption of phospholipids and free glycerol saponification with potassium hydroxide, sodium periodat

The near-o-cresolphthalein complexone colorimetric assay for the determination of total serum calcium test can be used clinically to measure serum calcium ion l

The flagellar staining is the modified Ryui method, and this experiment was obtained from the laboratory guide of Mudanjiang Medical College undergraduate 5-yea

This stain is the most basic stain and can be used on specimen smears or colony smears. The result of staining will classify the bacteria into Gram-positive and

Magnesium and cadmium ions in serum bind to methyl muscimol blue staining in alkaline solution, and the addition of EGTA can mask the interference of the ions.

Experiments with heterochromatic particle staining preparations and staining methods can be used to (1) detect the presence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and (

When antacid staining is used directly on sputum specimens, the thickness of the specimen smear can be increased appropriately to improve the detection rate. Wh

Using phosphorus reacts with ammonium molybdate in acidic solution to form molybdate phosphate complex, which can be reduced by N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulphate

Add excess standard hydrochloric acid solution to plasma (clear), so that the acid and HCO3-neutralization reaction, the release of CO2 and then standard sodium

Urine specimen inoculation tests can be used to: check for the presence of Gram-negative or positive bacteria in urine in the clinic, which can be reported.

The fecal specimen taken directly affects the accuracy of the results, usually using naturally excreted feces, specimen collection precautions are as follows:

According to the preliminary clinical diagnosis and bacterial species and the different gas needs of bacteria to be examined, it can be divided into aerobic cul

Strictly aseptic technique, 3-5 ml of venous blood should be injected into the blood culture bottle and immediately sent to the laboratory, incubated at 35℃ fo

General bacterial smear examination: select the purulent or bloody part of sputum, smear it into a uniform thin slice, perform Gram staining and microscopic exa

Observe the bacterial colonies: Observation methods generally available to the naked eye for observation, will be placed in front of a flat dish culture of nat

Certain bacteria secrete the enzyme peroxynitrite, which causes hydrogen peroxide to produce water and primordial oxygen, followed by the formation of oxygen mo

Bile salts, sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate selectively lysed Streptococcus pneumoniae, while other streptococci tolerated them, the mechanism of wh

Urine is hydrolyzed by acid, changing bound 17-ketosteroids to free 17-ketosteroids. The latter can react with m-dinitrobenzene in alkaline solution to give a r

Uric acid in deproteinized blood filtrate is oxidized to allantoin and carbon dioxide by tungstic acid in alkaline solution, and phosphotungstic acid is reduced

The VP assay can be applied to (1) identify Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli, and (2) characterize other bacterial groups, including actinomycetes.

Most of Candida albicans need oxygen 25-30 ℃ to grow well, can also be in 37 ℃ above the growth. Colonies are cream-colored, pie-shaped and smooth. In the cor

Creatinine in serum (plasma) reacts with alkaline picric acid to form a yellowish-red picric acid-creatinine complex, which is measured colorimetrically at 510

This experiment enables students to master the principle of colorimetric determination of lactate dehydrogenase, the preparation of reagents, and learn the meth

According to this experiment, trainees can understand the reagent preparation of the experimental program and master its principle and measurement method. This

Through this experiment, trainees can master the principle of amylase determination, the preparation of reagents and learn the determination method. This experi

To enable students to master the principle of alkaline phosphoric acid determination, method and preparation of reagents, this experiment is from the Mudanjiang

This experiment enables students to master the principle of ALT determination. The reagent preparation method, this experiment is from Mudanjiang Medical Colleg

Urinary 17-hydroxysteroids are hormones and their metabolites secreted by the suprarenal cortex, and their excretion from urine can reflect the function of the

Acute granulomatous-mono is a kind of acute leukemia due to granulocyte and monocyte two lineages, at the same time, malignant proliferation, clinically both ac

The turbidity of the immunocomplexes between coagulation factor VIII-related antigen (ⅧR; Ag) and its corresponding specific antibody is determined by the tran

1、To clarify the significance of indoor quality control of clinical biochemistry. 2、To master the drawing of Levy-Jennings quality control chart and the inter

Erythremia is a malignant proliferation of cells of the red lineage. Erythroleukemia (erthrdeukemia) or Di-Gugliemo syndrome is a malignant proliferation of cel

Master the significance of inter-room quality control. 2. Master the drawing of the modified Monica quality control chart and the determination of results. 3. T

Quantification of DNA nucleic acid concentration can be used to (1) determine the concentration of purified PCR products, (2) determine the concentration of pur

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis is an improvement of unidirectional immunodiffusion method, through the application of direct current (stabilized voltage and curre

This type of clinical symptoms in addition to the general acute leukemia, its prominent manifestations of skin and mucous membrane damage to the skin appear dif

Ben-Zhou's Pr, also known as coagulin, is an immunoglobulin light chain or its polymer. This Pr in a certain PH conditions when heated 40 ° C a 60 ° C, precip

The anti-human globulin test (coomb's) is divided into a direct test (direct reaction) and an indirect test (indirect reaction). The purpose of the direct test

Examination of urinary ferritin in patients with intravascular hemolysis. This experiment was obtained from the laboratory instruction of Mudanjiang Medical Col

Prothrombin time (PT) assay experiments are mainly used for (1) exogenous system ideal and commonly used screening experiments (2) exogenous pathway coagulation

The activated partial thromboplastin time assay test can be used to: screen endogenous coagulation systems more sensitively.

The turbidity of the immunocomplex produced by Antithrombin-III (AT-III) and its corresponding specific antibody is measured by transmission method, and its tur

The intracellular esterase hydrolyzes the synthesized substrate naphthol ester (a naphthalene derivative) and releases naphthol, which is rapidly coupled with d

The plasma to be tested is added to the appropriate amount of thrombin solution, the fibrinogen is converted to insoluble fibrin to determine the time required

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid combine with phenol to form insoluble Pr salts and appear as white turbidity or precipitation. This experiment is derived fr