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Application Protocols
No manufacturer-validated assay protocols are provided in the Product Data. The following outlines are general literature practices; adjust to your substrate and performance criteria.
Protocol A: Anhydrous silanization on glass/silica
Dry substrates (120 °C, >30 min), cool under dry nitrogen.
Prepare 1% v/v silane in dry toluene; optional 0.1% acetic acid for controlled hydrolysis.
Immerse 15–30 min at RT; rinse toluene → isopropanol → dry N2.
Cure 110 °C, 30–60 min (dry oven). Characterize contact angle and IR (Si–O–Si, C–H stretches).
Protocol B: Alcohol/water (acidic) primer on metal oxides
Mix ethanol/water (e.g., 95:5) and adjust to pH ~4.5 with acetic acid.
Add silane to 0.5–1% v/v, allow short pre-hydrolysis (5–10 min).
Dip components 2–10 min, rinse ethanol, air dry, then bake 100 °C, 30 min.
Protocol C: Post-graft acetate deprotection
Treat coated substrate with MeOH/H2O (9:1) containing catalytic HCl or NaOMe at RT, minutes to tens of minutes.
Rinse thoroughly, neutralize if base used, and dry. Verify –OH introduction by contact angle drop and IR (broad O–H).
Note: These are literature-style templates, not item-specific recommendations. Validate compatibility with your device, adhesives, and performance specs.
Biological Roles
This product is an organosilane coupling agent for materials science. It does not have a recognized natural biological role or occur in metabolic pathways.
General context (for users bridging to biointerfaces):
After surface grafting and deprotection of the terminal acetate to yield an –OH surface, additional biofunctional moieties (e.g., PEGs, peptides via carbamate/urethane linkages, or click handles via subsequent derivatization) may be introduced. These uses pertain to materials preparation for research devices and assays, not to biological function of the reagent itself.
No enzyme cofactors, signaling roles, or transport functions are associated with this class of compounds.
Research-use restriction: As per Product Data, for research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical applications.
Buffer Applications
Not typically applicable. This reagent is a hydrophobic, moisture-sensitive silane used for surface modification, not as a buffering agent.
Practical note: When using aqueous/alcoholic silanization baths, buffers at mildly acidic pH (e.g., acetate buffer pH ~4–5) are sometimes employed to control hydrolysis/condensation; however, the silane itself is not a buffer component and conditions should be optimized empirically for the target substrate.
Green Alternatives
Greener choices can be made at the level of both solvent and silane selection. The reagent itself (a trialkoxy silane) is generally greener than chlorosilanes due to avoidance of HCl byproducts, but solvent and processing control are pivotal.
Comparison (general; literature-based):
Trialkoxy vs. chlorosilanes:
Trialkoxysilanes (this product): Hydrolyze to release alcohol (ethanol), which is less hazardous than HCl; typically easier to handle and less corrosive.
Chlorosilanes: More reactive, but generate HCl; require stricter corrosion control and can pose greater worker/environmental hazards.
Solvent options for silanization:
Toluene/heptane (traditional): Effective, but VOC impact is significant.
Ethanol/water (acidic, controlled): Lower toxicity; enables aqueous processing if gelation is controlled.
2‑MeTHF or CPME: Bio-based/safer ether alternatives to THF/Et2O with better peroxide profiles and higher boiling points; still require drying to limit hydrolysis.
Process recommendations (green chemistry perspective):
Use the minimum effective silane concentration and bath residence time; adopt recirculating/filtered baths to extend lifetime.
Prefer alcohol/water systems under mild acidity for large-area primers, provided film quality meets specifications.
Implement closed vessels and solvent recovery for VOCs; choose argon or nitrogen sparge with minimal flow.
Validate room-temperature cures where feasible to lower energy consumption, or use brief thermal ramps.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmacopeial or excipient status is provided in the Product Data. This product is intended for research and materials fabrication only.
General materials-related context (non-clinical):
Organosilanes like this may be evaluated in research settings as adhesion promoters or surface primers for medical device materials (e.g., glass-to-polymer interfaces). Any such use must remain within research and development and comply with applicable regulations and material biocompatibility testing.
Item-specific regulatory status, residual solvents, or extractables/leachables data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
Physical Properties
Item-specific numerical specifications (BP/MP, density, refractive index, UV cutoff, water/peroxide/metal content) are not provided in the Product Data.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight/formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature expectations for long-chain trialkoxysilanes (context, not item specifications):
Physical state: Typically a clear to pale yellow, hydrophobic liquid with low volatility for C>8 alkylsilanes.
Solubility: Miscible with many anhydrous organic solvents (toluene, heptane, dichloromethane, ether). Limited solubility in water; undergoes hydrolysis in moist media forming silanols and ethanol.
Hydrolytic behavior: –Si(OEt)3 groups hydrolyze in the presence of water (acid- or base-catalyzed), liberating ethanol; subsequent condensation yields siloxane bonds to oxide surfaces or self-condensed networks.
Functional endgroup: Terminal acetate (acetoxy) is hydrolytically stable under neutral anhydrous conditions; can be deprotected under acidic/basic hydrolysis to reveal an ω‑hydroxy group after surface attachment.
Important: Treat all physical constants as Not specified for this item unless present on the CoA/Spec Sheet. Use literature values only for preliminary method development and verify with lot-specific documentation.
Quality and Grades
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for assay, stabilizers (if any), and analytical limits (e.g., alkoxy content, residual ethanol, chloride).
Guidance on interpreting grades for organosilanes (general):
Surface-modification grade: Typically emphasizes low hydrolyzable chloride, controlled alkoxy content, and low water to ensure predictable hydrolysis/condensation kinetics and uniform monolayer/film formation.
Electronics/materials grade: May include tighter controls on metal ion content, color (APHA), and UV absorbance; sometimes packaged under inert to minimize prepolymerization.
HPLC/UV grade: Relevant only if the silane is used as a reagent in analytical workflows; implies low UV background and low non-volatile residues. Not commonly assigned to coupling agents unless specified.
Stabilizers and packaging (general):
Many trialkoxysilanes are shipped in moisture-impermeable bottles under inert gas to prevent premature hydrolysis/self-condensation. The Product Data confirm argon charging and cold-chain shipment (wet ice), which supports stability and consistency in surface treatments.
Recommendation: For critical surface or device fabrication, verify the lot-specific water content, alkoxy content, and acidity/basicity from the CoA. Pre-qualification by a small-scale silanization test on a witness substrate is advised.
Reaction and Applications
Primary use (materials science): Surface functionalization and coupling of inorganic substrates via siloxane bond formation.
Silanization mechanism (general):
Hydrolysis of –Si(OEt)3 to –Si(OH)3 (acid/base catalyzed or moisture-driven), releasing ethanol.
Condensation of silanols with surface hydroxyls (M–OH on SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, glass) to form M–O–Si linkages.
Lateral silanol condensation yields crosslinked siloxane networks or monolayers depending on conditions.
Functional endpoint: The terminal acetate (acetoxy) group serves as a protected ω‑hydroxyl. After grafting, deprotection (acidic/basic hydrolysis) yields an –(CH2)11–OH surface, useful for further derivatization (e.g., carbonate/urethane formation, click handles after further conversion).
Applications (literature/practice):
Adhesion promotion between inorganic fillers and organic matrices (epoxy, polyurethane), particularly where a long flexible spacer improves stress relief.
Formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with terminal protected alcohols for micro/nanopatterning and biosurface pre-functionalization (deprotect to reveal –OH).
Sol–gel coatings as an organofunctional co-precursor imparting flexibility and hydrophobicity to hybrid films.
Primer layers on glass, silica, and metals for anti-fouling or further coupling chemistry post-deprotection.
Practical tips:
Use freshly prepared, anhydrous solutions; avoid prolonged bench exposure.
Substrate activation (oxygen plasma, UV-ozone, piranha) increases –OH density and improves grafting uniformity.
Post-apply curing (80–120 °C, dry) enhances condensation and durability (literature guidance).
Reaction Conditions
The following are general literature guidelines for organotrialkoxysilane surface treatments; they are not item-specific specifications.
Substrate preparation: Clean and activate oxide surfaces (e.g., oxygen plasma, UV-ozone, or piranha; exercise extreme caution) to maximize –OH density. Rinse and dry thoroughly.
Solution-phase silanization (anhydrous):
Solvent: Dry toluene or heptane.
Silane concentration: Commonly 0.5–2% v/v as a starting point.
Temperature/time: Ambient to 70 °C for 10–120 min, with gentle agitation.
Post-treatment: Rinse with solvent, then cure 80–120 °C (30–60 min, dry) to drive condensation.
Alcohol/water acidic route:
Solvent: Ethanol with controlled water (0.1–2% v/v) and acetic acid to pH ~4–5.
Short induction (pre-hydrolysis) followed by brief immersion (minutes to tens of minutes) prevents bulk gelation.
Vapor-phase deposition:
Place dried substrates with a small reservoir of silane in a sealed chamber; heat mildly (e.g., 60–90 °C) to promote vapor transport. Introduce controlled humidity or a catalytic acid vapor to initiate hydrolysis.
Deprotection of terminal acetate (post-grafting):
Acidic or basic hydrolysis (e.g., MeOH/H2O with catalytic acid or dilute NaOMe) at ambient to mild heat; monitor to avoid etching/film loss.
Always optimize on witness samples; verify film thickness/coverage via contact angle, XPS, ATR‑FTIR, or ellipsometry.
Safety and Handling
GHS/SDS data specific to this SKU are not provided in the Product Data.
GHS classification, signal word, hazard statements, pictograms: Not specified for this item; consult the Aladdin SDS for authoritative hazard information.
General safety considerations for trialkoxysilanes and acetate-functional organosilanes (literature/practice):
Hazards: Combustible liquid; irritant to skin/eyes. Hydrolysis produces ethanol (flammable) and silanols that can further condense exothermically. Avoid moisture to prevent uncontrolled hydrolysis/condensation.
Incompatibilities: Moisture, strong acids/bases (accelerate hydrolysis/condensation), oxidizers. Contact with porous/basic surfaces may catalyze self-condensation.
PPE: Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), lab coat, splash goggles; use in a fume hood. For bulk handling, consider face shield and solvent-impermeable apron.
Handling: Keep containers tightly closed under inert gas (argon, as provided). Use anhydrous techniques; pre-dry glassware and solvents. Add desiccant cartridges to gloveboxes if dispensing repeatedly.
First aid (overview; defer to SDS): Eye/skin contact—rinse with water for ≥15 min; remove contaminated clothing. Inhalation—move to fresh air; support breathing as needed. Ingestion—rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Provide SDS to responders.
Fire-fighting: Use dry chemical, CO2, or foam. Water spray may be used to cool containers but can promote hydrolysis; apply judiciously.
Storage per Product Data: Store at 2–8 °C, argon charged. Shipped on wet ice. Keep dry and tightly sealed.
Solvent Selection
This reagent behaves as a hydrophobic, moisture-sensitive trialkoxysilane. Solvent choice strongly influences hydrolysis rate, film quality, and grafting density.
Polarity/miscibility (general): Soluble in nonpolar to moderately polar aprotic solvents (heptane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, THF, CPME, 2‑MeTHF). Limited stability in protic solvents unless water content and pH are carefully controlled.
Anhydrous deposition routes: Use dry toluene, heptane, or chlorinated solvents for direct grafting to activated oxide surfaces bearing –OH groups (after dehydration/activation). Minimizes premature polymerization.
Aqueous/alcoholic routes: Acidified ethanol/water (e.g., pH 4–5 acetate buffer) can pre-hydrolyze –Si(OEt)3 to silanols for controlled deposition; balance water content to avoid bulk gelation. Keep total silane 0.5–2% v/v as a starting range (literature guidance, not item-specific).
Cleanroom/device contexts: Low-residue, low-halogen solvents (toluene, heptane) are often preferred; filter solutions (0.2 μm PTFE) to remove particulates.
Comparison (general):
Heptane/toluene: Slow hydrolysis, good for monolayers on silica/glass; fewer polymeric deposits.
Ethanol/water (acidic): Faster hydrolysis; useful for primers on metals/oxides but requires tight control to limit oligomerization.
Ether solvents (THF/CPME/2‑MeTHF): Intermediate polarity; good wetting; ensure low water content to prevent premature gelation.
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific storage (from Product Data):
Store at 2–8 °C.
Argon charged (maintain inert headspace after opening).
Shipped on wet ice.
General handling and stability guidance (materials practice):
Keep tightly closed in a moisture-impermeable container. Minimize headspace and recap promptly. If available, use septum caps and dispense via dry syringe/needle under inert gas.
Avoid repeated warming/cooling cycles; equilibrate to room temperature before opening to prevent moisture ingress by condensation. After use, purge with argon and return to 2–8 °C.
Do not add drying agents directly to the bottle. If needed, transfer working aliquots to dry vials stored under inert atmosphere.
Solution stability: Working solutions in dry toluene/heptane are best prepared fresh. Alcohol/water mixtures should be used shortly after preparation to avoid premature condensation/gelation.
Reconstitution: Supplied as a neat liquid reagent; no reconstitution required. If viscosity or partial self-condensation is observed (stringiness/haze), filter through 0.2 μm PTFE under dry conditions and assess performance on a witness substrate before critical use.
Structure and Identity
Overview: This item is an organofunctional trialkoxysilane bearing a long ω-functionalized alkyl chain terminated with an acetate (acetoxy) group, designed for surface modification and coupling to inorganic substrates (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, glass, metals).
Product name: 11-Acetateundecyltriethoxysilane (often described in the literature as ω-acetoxyundecyltriethoxysilane)
CAS: 959053-85-1 (literature)
PubChem CID: 600939 (literature)
InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Product Data lists “408290,” which is not a standard InChIKey format.)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general/literature description):
Contains a trialkoxy silane headgroup: –Si(OEt)3 capable of hydrolysis/condensation to silanols and siloxanes.
Possesses an undecyl (C11) alkylene spacer between silicon and the terminal acetate function (–O–C(O)CH3). The acetate serves as a protected alcohol (acetoxy = OAc), which can be deprotected to yield an ω-hydroxy surface after grafting if desired.
2D description in words: A silicon center bonded to three ethoxy groups and one carbon tether; the tether is an 11‑carbon linear chain terminating in an acetyl ester. No rings, no stereocenters expected in the principal scaffold.
Note: Identity elements not explicitly provided in Product Data are described as literature/general; consult the CoA/SDS for item-specific identifiers.
Synthetic Utility
From a synthetic/materials perspective, 11-acetateundecyltriethoxysilane is a bifunctional precursor: a hydrolyzable –Si(OEt)3 headgroup for oxide coupling and a masked terminal alcohol (acetate) for post-grafting chemistry.
Utility highlights (literature/practice):
Surface-tethered building block: After silanization, deprotect the acetate to generate an ω‑hydroxy-terminated monolayer or film on silica/glass/metal oxides. The –OH can be converted to tosylates/mesylates, carbonates, carbamates, or activated carbonyl derivatives.
Spacer engineering: The C11 spacer imparts flexibility and distance from the inorganic surface, reducing steric hindrance and enhancing accessibility/reactivity of the terminal group in subsequent steps.
Co-condensation in sol–gel: Co-hydrolysis with TEOS or other alkoxysilanes embeds the organic chain into hybrid networks, tuning hydrophobicity, flexibility, and surface energy.
Patterning: Compatible with microcontact printing or vapor-phase deposition protocols (with careful moisture control), enabling regionally functionalized substrates.
Contrast to shorter silanes: Longer chains (C11) often yield more ordered hydrophobic domains and better barrier properties than C3–C6 analogs, at the expense of slower assembly and higher viscosity (practical observation/literature trend).
Target Specificity
Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule organosilane, not a biological targeting reagent (no antigen/epitope/clone/isotype information). For intended uses, see Reaction & Applications and Synthetic Utility.
Perguntas frequentes
What is the purity of this product?
This product is supplied at ≥95% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.
How should this product be stored?
Store at 2–8 °C under argon. It is supplied under an argon blanket; reseal under inert gas after each use.
How is this product shipped?
This product ships chilled on wet ice. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 959053-85-1, the molecular formula is C19H40O5Si, and the molecular weight is 376.609 g/mol. InChIKey WUHZCNHGBOHDKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
What documentation is provided?
Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.
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