Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate - ≥98% , CAS No.66905-23-5

CAS: 66905-23-5 Cat. No.: C171268 Fórmula: C₁₂H₂₂CaO₁₄·H₂O Peso molecular: 448.39

GRAU & PUREZA ≥98%

Synonyms

CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE (1:2) MONOHYDRATE [WHO-IP] | CALCIUM GLUCONATE (EP MONOGRAPH) | UNII-CZN0MI5R31 | Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate | MFCD00150787 | D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1)monohydrate | CALCIUM GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE (USP-RS) | Q27275914 | Ca

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Visão geral

Application

Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate is used as a soluble for developing the highly effective, durable, and cheap CaO-based sorbents suitable for CO2 capture, precursor for CaO-based sorbents, in medicine, treatment of hypocalcemia, as an antidote.

Especificações

Sinónimos

CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE (1:2) MONOHYDRATE [WHO-IP] | CALCIUM GLUCONATE (EP MONOGRAPH) | UNII-CZN0MI5R31 | Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate | MFCD00150787 | D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1)monohydrate | CALCIUM GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE (USP-RS) | Q27275914 | Ca

Especificações e pureza

≥98%

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Room temperature

Enviado em

Normal

Tipo de ação

INHIBITOR

Pureza

≥98%

Nomes e identificadores

Pubchem Sid

488200602

Pubchem Sid Url

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/488200602

Sorrisos canónicos

O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[Ca]OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

IUPAC Name

calcium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate;hydrate

InChIKey

XLNFVCRGJZBQGX-XRDLMGPZSA-L

INCHI

1S/2C6H12O7.Ca.H2O/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);;1H2/q;;+2;/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;;/m11../s1

SMILES isoméricas

C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.O.[Ca+2]

CAS alternativo

18016-24-5

Peso molecular

448.39

Reaxy-Rn

14447306

Reaxys-RN_link_address

https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=14447306&ln=

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organic oxygen compounds
    • Classe Organooxygen compounds
      • Subclass Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organic oxygen compounds
• Classe: Organooxygen compounds
• Subclass: Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Sugar acids and derivatives
• Alternative Parents: Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives Medium-chain fatty acids Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives Hydroxy fatty acids Monosaccharides Secondary alcohols 1,2-diols Carboxylic acid salts Carboxylic acids Organic calcium salts Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Primary alcohols Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives Organic zwitterions Carbonyl compounds
• Molecular Framework: Not available
• Substituents: Gluconic_acid - Medium-chain hydroxy acid - Medium-chain fatty acid - Beta-hydroxy acid - Hydroxy fatty acid - Hydroxy acid - Fatty acyl - Fatty acid - Monosaccharide - 1,2-diol - Carboxylic acid salt - Secondary alcohol - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organic calcium salt - Polyol - Organic zwitterion - Organic salt - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Alcohol - Carbonyl group - Primary alcohol - Aliphatic acyclic compound
• Descrição: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Propriedades químicas e físicas

• Solubilidade: Soluble in water(30g/L).
• Ponto de fusão (°C): ca 195° dec.
• Peso molecular: 448.390 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 11
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 15
• Rotatable Bond Count: 8
• Exact Mass: 448.074 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 448.074 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 284.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 28
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 165.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4

XLogP3

Application Protocols

No item‑specific, validated application protocols are provided for this product. Refer to discipline‑specific procedures and adapt concentrations accordingly.

General starting points (literature; adjust as needed)

• Preparation of aqueous stock: Dissolve the solid in DI water to 0.5–1.0 M (subject to solubility limits). Filter sterilize for cell culture.
• Alginate gelation bath: Prepare 50–100 mM Ca2+ in water; immerse extruded/dropped alginate solution until gelation completes (minutes), then rinse with buffer.
• Biomineralization: Mix equimolar calcium gluconate and carbonate/phosphate feeds under controlled pH and stirring; monitor turbidity/phase by FTIR/XRD.
• Buffer supplementation: Add to pre‑made buffer to achieve desired free Ca2+ (calculate speciation if chelators are present).

Always verify solubility, clarity, and pH and perform a small‑scale pilot before committing to larger batches. For regulated or critical applications, develop and document a formal SOP.

Biological Roles

General context (research use only; non-clinical)

• Calcium ion (Ca2+): A ubiquitous second messenger regulating muscle contraction, neurotransmission, secretion, enzyme activity, and gene expression. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis involves channels, pumps (SERCA/PMCA), exchangers, and buffering proteins.
• Gluconate: The conjugate base of gluconic acid (oxidized C1 of glucose). In microbes and plants, gluconate participates in carbohydrate metabolism, including the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and can feed into the pentose phosphate shunt. In mammals, gluconate is generally regarded as a metabolically benign anion that is excreted or slowly metabolized.

Utility in biological systems

• Ca2+ delivery: Calcium gluconate provides Ca2+ in a form with moderated ionic strength and reduced chloride load, advantageous in sensitive biochemical assays, enzyme studies, and tissue engineering matrices.
• Complexation behavior: The gluconate ligand can modestly buffer free Ca2+ activity relative to inorganic Ca salts, influencing bioavailability and kinetics of Ca‑dependent processes.
• Biomaterials: Commonly used to crosslink alginate and other polyanionic biopolymers, forming hydrogels suitable for cell encapsulation studies, diffusion modeling, and controlled release in vitro.

Practical notes

• Interference: Strong chelators (EDTA, citrate, phosphate) significantly reduce free Ca2+. Design experiments with calculated speciation to ensure intended Ca2+ activity.
• Osmolality: Account for ionic strength contributions when formulating physiological buffers and media.
• Sterility: For cell culture, prepare solutions with sterile technique and filter sterilize (0.2 µm).

Buffer Applications

Applicability

• Calcium D‑gluconate monohydrate is not a buffering reagent per se. The gluconate anion arises from a weak acid (pKa ~3.6–3.9, literature), but the calcium salt does not provide robust buffering capacity in the near‑neutral range commonly used in biological systems.

Practical uses adjacent to buffering

• Supplementing buffers: Can be added to physiological buffers (e.g., HEPES, Tris, MOPS, PBS variants) as a halide‑free Ca2+ source when controlled calcium activity is required. Avoid phosphate‑rich formulations if precipitation is undesirable.
• Speciation control: In “Good’s” buffers, substituting CaCl2 with calcium gluconate can reduce chloride load and potentially modulate free Ca2+ via weak gluconate complexation.

Guidance

• Prepare a concentrated aqueous stock (e.g., 0.1–1.0 M, subject to solubility) and add to buffer under stirring. Verify clarity and absence of precipitation, especially in phosphate or carbonate systems.
• Validate final pH after addition; although the salt is near neutral, ionic interactions may cause minor shifts.

Summary

• Use calcium D‑gluconate to adjust Ca2+ levels within an established buffer system rather than as the buffering component itself.

Green Alternatives

Positioning

• Calcium D‑gluconate is already a comparatively benign, water‑compatible calcium source. Its gluconate ligand is derived from glucose oxidation, offering favorable environmental compatibility relative to many inorganic salts in certain applications (e.g., corrosion, halide load).

Alternatives and tradeoffs (literature comparison)

• Calcium chloride (CaCl2):
  • Pros: Very high aqueous solubility; inexpensive; strong Ca2+ activity.
  • Cons: Corrosive; introduces chloride; can acidify solutions; less suitable where halides disrupt processes or downstream analytics.
• Calcium lactate:
  • Pros: Food‑origin ligand; good aqueous compatibility; moderate Ca2+ release.
  • Cons: Lower Ca content per mass vs chloride; different complexation strength than gluconate; may alter microbial processes.
• Calcium acetate:
  • Pros: Acetate is readily biodegradable; useful buffering near mildly acidic pH.
  • Cons: More prone to affect pH; acetate can participate in microbial metabolism more aggressively than gluconate.

Sustainability considerations

• Solvent: Use water as the primary solvent to minimize VOCs.
• Energy: Dissolves at ambient temperature; avoid heating where possible.
• Waste reduction: Choosing gluconate avoids chloride‑rich waste streams that can complicate corrosion and certain effluent limits.

Selection guide (qualitative)

• If you need halide‑free Ca2+ with mild complexation and good biocompatibility, calcium gluconate is a green‑leaning choice. If maximal solubility and calcium activity are required, CaCl2 may be unavoidable.

Note

• Verify life‑cycle impacts and process compatibility for your specific application; greener choice depends on context (corrosion, effluent, toxicity, and energy use).

Pharmaceutical Uses

Scope (manufacturing/formulation context; no therapeutic claims)

• Role: Commonly employed as a calcium source in nonclinical formulation development, excipient screening, and process simulations due to its halide‑free profile and milder ionic strength compared with CaCl2.
• Compendial status: Calcium gluconate has pharmacopeial monographs (e.g., USP/EP) for certain grades/forms. This listing does not imply compliance—verify the specific lot’s CoA if compendial conformity is required.

Formulation considerations (general)

• Solubility and osmolality: Moderate aqueous solubility allows preparation of isotonic to moderately hypertonic solutions depending on target Ca2+ concentration.
• pH behavior: Typically near neutral; minimal pH adjustment needed in simple aqueous vehicles.
• Compatibility: Avoid high phosphate/carbonate systems to prevent precipitation; assess interactions with chelating excipients (EDTA, citrate) and polymers (carboxymethylcellulose, alginate).
• Sterility: For parenteral simulation or device rinsing studies, prepare with WFI or equivalent and sterile‑filter; confirm particulates per relevant guidance.

Processing

• Hygroscopicity: Store in tightly closed containers; control humidity during weighing to ensure accurate potency on an anhydrous basis.
• Assay: Express concentration as calcium ion or as calcium gluconate; document conversion factors (anhydrous vs monohydrate).

Note

• For regulated applications, establish full raw‑material specifications (identification, assay, LOD, metals, microbial/endotoxin) and qualify the supplier/lot accordingly.

Physical Properties

Item-specific properties

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general values (not item specifications; for planning only)

• Formula (monohydrate): C12H24CaO15; FW ≈ 448.39 g/mol.
• Physical form: typically a white to off‑white crystalline powder (literature).
• Melting/decomposition: often reported to decompose on heating rather than exhibit a sharp melt; onset >150–200 °C depending on hydration and crystal form (literature).
• Solubility: freely soluble in water; representative solubility on the order of a few g per 100 mL at 20–25 °C (literature). Sparingly soluble in alcohols; essentially insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
• pKa (conjugate acid, gluconic acid): ~3.6–3.9 (literature). As a calcium salt, solution pH depends on concentration and CO2 uptake but is typically near neutral.
• Hygroscopicity: modest; hydrates can equilibrate with ambient moisture (literature).
• LogP: not applicable (ionic salt); distribution governed by ion pairing and hydration.
• Refractive index: not typically specified for solid salts.

Practical notes

• Aqueous solutions are clear, colorless, and may show mild chelation/complexation behavior with other divalent cations and traces of transition metals.
• Viscosity increases moderately with concentration due to the polyhydroxy ligand and extended hydration shell.
• For precise values relevant to a specific lot (e.g., water content, exact hydration state), consult the CoA.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Context and expectations (general guidance)

• Common research grades:
  • Reagent grade: Suitable for general lab use where trace metal and bioburden limits are not stringent.
  • Biochemical or cell culture grade: Additional controls on bioburden, endotoxin, and often tighter heavy metal specifications; low insoluble matter.
  • Pharmaceutical/compendial (e.g., USP/EP) grades: Conform to pharmacopeial monographs (identification, assay, loss on drying, heavy metals, specific rotation/optical purity, limit of oxalate, etc.). These are not implied for this item unless explicitly stated on the CoA.
• Hydration and LOD: Calcium gluconate exists in multiple hydration states; monohydrate is common. Loss on drying is a key QC parameter to confirm hydration and potency on an anhydrous basis.
• Assay: Typically expressed as % calcium or % calcium gluconate on an anhydrous basis. Titrimetric complexometry (EDTA) or ICP‑OES/ICP‑MS are common.
• Impurities: Typical controls include residual reducing sugars, chloride/sulfate, oxalate, and heavy metals; microbial limits for bio‑grades.
• Stabilizers: Generally none required; if any anticaking or flow aids are used, they would be disclosed on the CoA.

Actionable note

• For your application (e.g., cell culture, materials, analytical), verify and document the exact grade, assay basis, bioburden/endotoxin targets, and metal limits on the specific lot’s CoA before use.

Reaction and Applications

Scope (research/manufacturing; non-clinical)

• Calcium source in aqueous media: Provides Ca2+ under relatively mild ionic strength, useful for biochemical assays, biomaterials formation, and as a less corrosive alternative to CaCl2.
• Crosslinking of anionic polymers: Efficiently gels sodium alginate and other carboxylate‑rich polysaccharides through Ca2+–carboxylate coordination, enabling hydrogel bead formation, encapsulation, and film strengthening.
• Coordination chemistry: Gluconate acts as a multidentate O‑donor ligand; calcium gluconate can participate in ligand exchange to generate other calcium carboxylates or mixed‑ligand calcium complexes under metathesis.
• Mineralization studies: Serves as a controlled Ca2+ source in biomimetic precipitation of calcium phosphates/carbonates where slower release than CaCl2 is beneficial.
• Electrodeposition baths and electrochemistry: Used in specialized aqueous formulations where chloride avoidance is desired.

Practical tips

• Precipitation control: Avoid high phosphate or carbonate concentrations unless precipitation is intended; add calcium solution slowly under stirring to distribute supersaturation.
• pH window: Maintain near‑neutral pH (≈6.5–8.0) to minimize uncontrolled precipitation and preserve ligand integrity.
• Chelator competition: EDTA, citrate, and phosphate will sequester Ca2+; account for binding equilibria in assay design.
• Drying/solids handling: Hygroscopic to a modest extent; weigh quickly in low humidity for accurate dosing.

Related named contexts (literature)

• “Egg‑box” model in alginate crosslinking describes cooperative Ca2+ binding to guluronate blocks.
• Metathesis with sodium salts: Ca2+ delivery without chloride—useful where halides interfere with catalysts or materials.

Reaction Conditions

General guidance (literature; not item specifications)

• Solvent: Water as primary medium. Mixed aqueous systems with glycerol, propylene glycol, or low fractions of DMSO can be used for solubility tuning.
• Concentration ranges:
  • Alginate gelation: 10–200 mM Ca2+ commonly used; select concentration based on guluronate content and desired gel stiffness.
  • Biomineralization (CaCO3/CaP): 1–50 mM Ca2+ typical, with controlled carbonate or phosphate dosing.
• Temperature: Ambient (20–25 °C) for most applications; elevated temperature increases dissolution rate but is seldom necessary.
• pH: Near neutral (6.5–8.0) for biopolymer crosslinking and biomimetic precipitation; avoid >pH 9 in carbonate systems to limit uncontrolled precipitation.
• Atmosphere: Not air‑sensitive. For carbonate‑sensitive work, perform under CO2‑controlled conditions to manage background carbonate.
• Time: Gelation of alginate can occur within seconds to minutes depending on Ca2+ concentration and diffusion; mineralization typically proceeds over minutes to hours.

Practical tips

• Pre‑filter calcium gluconate solutions (0.2–0.45 µm) to remove particulates.
• Titrate calcium addition under stirring to match anion feed, monitoring turbidity or rheology.
• Use chelator‑free plasticware/glassware; traces of EDTA will suppress free Ca2+.

Representative outcomes (illustrative)

• Uniform alginate beads with controlled diameters by dripping alginate into 50–100 mM calcium gluconate bath.
• Controlled vaterite formation by slow mixing of calcium gluconate with carbonate at fixed supersaturation and temperature.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard data

• Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety guidance (literature; not item specifications)

• Overall profile: Calcium D‑gluconate monohydrate is generally regarded as low hazard for laboratory handling. Avoid generating dust and inhalation of particulates.
• PPE: Wear safety glasses with side shields, lab coat, and appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use a dust mask or respirator if airborne particulates may form.
• Handling: Use clean, dry tools. Prevent contamination with strong acids/bases that may alter speciation or with strong oxidizers that can affect the organic ligand.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents; strong acids (can release gluconic acid) and strong bases (may alter calcium speciation/precipitation with carbonate/phosphate). Avoid mixing with phosphate- or carbonate‑rich solutions unless precipitation is desired/managed.
• First aid (overview): If inhaled, move to fresh air. If on skin or in eyes, rinse with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present. If ingested in the lab, rinse mouth and seek medical advice. Always follow SDS guidance.
• Spills: Sweep up gently to minimize dust; collect in a suitable container. Wash spill area with water.
• Fire: Organic content can burn; use water spray, CO2, or dry chemical. Combustion may produce COx.
• Waste: Dispose of in accordance with institutional and local regulations.

Always consult the product SDS for authoritative, lot‑specific safety information.

Solvent Selection

Applicability

• As an ionic calcium salt of a polyhydroxy carboxylate, calcium D‑gluconate monohydrate is primarily used in aqueous media. Classic organic solvent selection frameworks (e.g., for small‑molecule reactions) are less applicable than for neutral organics.

Polarity and miscibility (literature)

• Solubility: Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in nonpolar solvents; limited solubility in lower alcohols.
• Ion pairing: The Ca2+–gluconate complex remains highly hydrated; cosolvents that strongly compete for hydrogen bonding (e.g., DMSO, formamide) can increase apparent solubility, but electrolytic behavior dominates.

Practical guidance

• Aqueous systems: Use deionized water; for sensitive applications (cell culture, enzymology), use sterile, low‑endotoxin water. Adjust ionic strength and pH with compatible buffers (avoid high phosphate/carbonate if precipitate formation is undesired).
• Mixed solvents: If higher concentrations are required, small fractions of polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol) or DMSO can improve solubility while retaining water as the continuous phase.
• Avoid: Acetone, ethers, and hydrocarbons—poor solubility and risk of precipitation.

Comparison (use-driven)

• Versus calcium chloride: CaCl2 is more soluble and more acidic in water but can be corrosive and introduces chloride; calcium gluconate offers milder ionic strength and an organic counter‑ligand that can mitigate harshness.
• Versus calcium lactate: Similar handling; gluconate confers higher ligand denticity and different complexation behavior, which can be advantageous in materials and biological systems.

Tip

• Filter solutions (0.2–0.45 µm) to remove any insoluble particulates formed from adventitious phosphate/carbonate.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific

• Storage Conditions: Room temperature (as provided in Product Data).
• Shipped In: Normal (as provided in Product Data).

General guidance (supplemental; not item specifications)

• Container: Store in a tightly closed, clean, dry container. Protect from excessive humidity to preserve the defined hydration state and prevent caking.
• Shelf life: Stable under recommended conditions. Refer to CoA for retest/expiry dating.
• Light sensitivity: Not light‑sensitive; store protected from contamination.

Reconstitution

• Solvent: Use deionized water. For sensitive work (cell culture/biochemical), use sterile, low‑endotoxin water.
• Procedure: Gradually add the solid to water under stirring at ambient temperature until dissolved. Rinse weighing vessel to ensure quantitative transfer.
• Filtration: Clarify through 0.2–0.45 µm membrane if particulate‑free solutions are required.
• pH: Typically near neutral; adjust if necessary depending on downstream application.
• Storage of solutions: For short‑term use, refrigerate at 2–8 °C in clean, closed containers. Prepare fresh as needed to avoid bioburden; for sterile solutions, use aseptic technique and validated hold times.

Note

• For any parameters not specified for this item (assay, metals, microbial limits), consult the lot-specific CoA/Spec Sheet before use.

Research Use Note

• For research use only.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• SKU: C171268
• Product Name: Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate
• CAS: 66905-23-5
• CID (PubChem): 23724989
• InChIKey: 421020 (as provided)
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/computed identity information (for context; not item specifications)

• Common formula (monohydrate): C12H24CaO15 (Ca2+ coordinated to two D-gluconate anions, plus one lattice H2O).
• Approximate molecular weight (monohydrate): ~448.39 g/mol (literature).
• 2D structural description: The calcium cation is chelated by two D-gluconate ligands. Each D‑gluconate derives from D‑gluconic acid (oxidized C1 of glucose), presenting a terminal carboxylate and five hydroxyl groups along a six‑carbon chain. Multiple oxygens from the carboxylate and vicinal diols coordinate Ca2+; an additional water molecule is present in the crystal lattice (monohydrate). No stereocenters change upon salt formation; the stereochemistry matches D‑glucose configuration.

Structural features

• Functional groups: carboxylate (–COO–), polyol (multiple –OH), coordinated Ca2+ center, lattice water (•H2O).
• Ligand behavior: gluconate acts as a multidentate, O‑donor ligand; common coordination numbers for Ca2+ are 6–8 via carboxylate and hydroxyl oxygens.
• Ionic character: overall neutral salt composed of one Ca2+ and two monoanionic gluconates.

Synthetic Utility

Functional characteristics

• Calcium source: Delivers Ca2+ under milder, halide‑free conditions than CaCl2, useful in transformations sensitive to chloride or high ionic strength.
• Multidentate organic counterion: Gluconate’s multiple hydroxyls and carboxylate enable chelation and hydrogen bonding, influencing solubility, crystallization, and assembly in aqueous systems.

Applications in synthesis/materials

• Alginate and poly(acrylate) crosslinking: Forms Ca2+‑bridged networks (“egg‑box” motif) for hydrogel synthesis, bead formation, membrane casting, and 3D printing support baths.
• Metathesis to other calcium salts: Combine with sodium/potassium carboxylates or inorganic anions to form target Ca salts with controlled precipitation kinetics (e.g., CaCO3 or Ca3(PO4)2 under biomimetic conditions).
• Template/structure‑directing agent: The hydrated Ca2+–gluconate complex can influence nucleation of inorganic Ca phases and guide morphology (e.g., vaterite vs calcite) under tailored supersaturation.
• Coordination assemblies: Mixed‑ligand calcium complexes with polyols, saccharides, or carboxylates can be prepared by ligand exchange, offering routes to biodegradable materials or coatings.

Operational notes

• Speciation modeling: Use stability constants for Ca2+–gluconate (literature) to estimate free Ca2+ in the presence of other ligands.
• Order of addition: Add calcium solution slowly to polyanion solutions to avoid local supersaturation and inhomogeneous gels.
• Drying: For solid‑state materials, gentle drying preserves hydration state; elevated temperatures may cause dehydration and altered crystallinity.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small‑molecule inorganic–organic salt (calcium D‑gluconate monohydrate), not an antibody, enzyme, or affinity reagent. No target/epitope specificity applies.

Perguntas frequentes

What is the purity of this product?

This product is supplied at ≥98% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at room temperature.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships under standard ambient conditions. No temperature-controlled packaging is required.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 66905-23-5, the molecular formula is C12H22CaO14·H2O, and the molecular weight is 448.39 g/mol. InChIKey XLNFVCRGJZBQGX-XRDLMGPZSA-L.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.