Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles - 10 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Cat. No.: S120426

GRADE & PURITY 10 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Visão geral

Silver nanoparticles with uniform particle size distribution in aqueous solution and stable performance. Silver nanoparticles with surface modification can be obtained by carrying amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups of different nanoparticle aggregation effect for the particles based on the high sensitivity detection. For the current needs of melamine in dairy products, introduced through a special chemical modification techniques coupled cyanuric acid molecule (MTT) of silver nanoparticles new products. The nanoparticles can sample trace melamine combined, resulting in color of the solution changes from yellow to black, dairy or feed for the rapid detection of melamine.

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

10 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Store at 2-8°C

Enviado em

Wet ice

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Application Protocols

Example workflows (literature-based, not product-specific). Adjust to your dispersion concentration and particle size; verify with small-scale trials.

1. Colorimetric detection of melamine via supramolecular aggregation

• Prepare: 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4; avoid high Cl−.
• Mix equal volumes of cyanuric acid–AgNPs with melamine solution (final 1–100 µM).
• Incubate 5–15 min at room temperature.
• Record UV–Vis spectrum; look for LSPR red-shift/broadening and visible color change. Include controls without melamine and with non-complementary analytes.

2. SERS substrate preparation

• Combine analyte solution with AgNPs to desired final concentration.
• Add MgSO4 to 2–5 mM to induce controlled aggregation; incubate 2–3 min.
• Drop-cast 5–10 µL onto a clean glass slide; dry gently.
• Acquire Raman spectra (e.g., 633 or 785 nm excitation). Optimize laser power/exposure to avoid sample damage.

3. Model catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• In a cuvette: mix 2.5 mL water + 0.25 mL 1 mM 4-NP + 0.25 mL freshly prepared 0.5 M NaBH4 (caution: gas evolution).
• Add AgNPs to deliver 10–100 ppb Ag.
• Monitor the decrease at 400 nm every 10–20 s. Fit to pseudo-first-order kinetics to compare batches.

Quality controls

• Track LSPR before/after each protocol to confirm colloidal integrity.
• If aggregation is excessive, reduce salt, lower analyte concentration, or add a small amount of stabilizer compatible with your study.

Biological Roles

This product is a synthetic nanomaterial; it is not a biological macromolecule. The following points are general, literature-based considerations for research use only.

• Surface chemistry and biointerface
  • Cyanuric acid presents multiple H-bond donor/acceptor sites and pH-tunable charge, which can influence protein corona composition and interactions with nucleobase analogs in vitro.
  • The melamine–cyanurate recognition motif is frequently exploited to assemble biomimetic architectures, capsules, or to template adsorption of complementary amine-rich polymers.
• Cellular and biochemical contexts (general)
  • Silver nanoparticles are known to interact with biomolecules and can undergo oxidative dissolution releasing Ag+, with effects dependent on size, coating, and medium composition. Any biological testing should be accompanied by rigorous controls separating nanoparticle effects from dissolved silver effects.
• Metabolism/biodegradation
  • Cyanuric acid is a known small molecule in environmental chemistry (used in pools as stabilizer); certain microbes can metabolize it, but this does not imply biodegradation pathways for the nanoparticle construct.
• Cautionary notes
  • Avoid clinical or in vivo use; for laboratory research only (per Product Data). Validate endotoxin and sterility only if your application demands it; these attributes are not implied.
  • In buffered saline or protein-rich media, rapid surface transformation can occur (adsorption of proteins, halides, thiols). Characterize the colloid under your exact conditions (DLS, UV–Vis, ICP) before drawing biological conclusions.

Buffer Applications

As a colloidal nanomaterial, utility in “buffering” per se is not applicable. However, buffer choice is critical for maintaining dispersion stability and reproducible performance.

• Recommended buffer strategies (general guidance)
  • Start with deionized water or low-ionic-strength buffers (e.g., 5–10 mM HEPES, MES, or borate) at pH 6.5–8.0. Cyanuric acid surfaces become increasingly anionic above neutral pH, improving electrostatic stabilization.
  • Minimize chloride (Cl−) and high ionic strength; PBS (1×) often induces aggregation of AgNPs over time. If PBS is required, reduce to 0.1–0.25× and verify stability by UV–Vis.
  • Avoid buffers containing free thiols (e.g., DTT, β-mercaptoethanol) which bind strongly to Ag and can displace ligands.
• Practical preparation tips
  • Filter buffers (0.22 µm) to remove dust/particulates that act as aggregation nuclei; degas if performing optical measurements sensitive to bubbles.
  • Equilibrate pH after mixing with the nanoparticle dispersion; measure pH again because colloids can slightly shift apparent pH.
• Stability checks
  • Record an initial UV–Vis spectrum (LSPR band) and DLS (if available). Re-measure after buffer exchange or dilution; significant red-shift/broadening indicates aggregation.
• Recipes (examples to start; adjust as needed)
  • HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.4; NaCl ≤ 5 mM.
  • Borate 10 mM, pH 8.5; no added salt.

Item-specific buffer compatibility is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Sustainability considerations revolve around the metal choice, stabilizer chemistry, and solvent.

• Environmental profile (general)
  • Silver is toxic to aquatic organisms; minimize releases and capture waste. Aqueous processing and ligand systems that avoid volatile organics improve the footprint relative to organic-phase syntheses.

Comparison of common options (literature/general):

• Cyanuric acid–AgNPs vs citrate–AgNPs
  • Cyanuric acid offers hydrogen-bond recognition and pH-tunable charge; citrate offers simple, well-understood aqueous stabilization and broad buffer compatibility. Citrate is widely considered a “greener” ligand due to biodegradability and lower hazard.
• AgNPs vs AuNPs
  • Gold is more chemically inert and often more stable in chloride-rich media, potentially reducing waste from failed preparations. However, Au mining has its own environmental costs; neither is intrinsically “green.”
• Aqueous vs organic syntheses
  • Aqueous dispersions reduce VOC emissions and flammability. If downstream processes require organics, consider water-miscible green cosolvents (e.g., ethanol) introduced sparingly with validated colloidal stability.

Practical green tips

• Use minimal silver loading and recycle catalysts where possible (e.g., immobilize NPs on reusable supports).
• Consolidate wash streams; precipitate and reclaim Ag from waste via sulfide or electrochemical methods.
• Choose buffers with lower environmental impact (HEPES/MES over high-chloride saline when possible), and operate at ambient temperature/pressure to reduce energy demand.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is not supplied as a pharmaceutical or excipient and is designated “For research use only.” No clinical or therapeutic applications are implied.

In preclinical materials science contexts (literature/general):

• Diagnostic materials R&D
  • AgNPs are explored as plasmonic contrast elements or SERS tags in analytical devices. Cyanuric acid surfaces can be leveraged for supramolecular assembly of recognition layers (e.g., melamine-derivative capture), but such uses are investigational.
• Coating and device research
  • Silver’s surface properties are studied for incorporation into coatings and sensors. Stability in physiological-like buffers must be verified; chloride management is critical.
• Formulation considerations (if used as a research excipient model)
  • Colloidal stability, osmolality, and endotoxin control are core parameters. Cyanuric acid’s ionizable groups provide pH-tunable charge but do not inherently confer sterility or biocompatibility.

Regulatory status and pharmacopeia monographs: Not applicable/not specified for this item. Any consideration of medical device or drug-product integration would require purpose-built materials, complete biocompatibility assessments, and regulatory review, which are beyond the scope of this research product.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical constants are not provided for this nanomaterial and should be confirmed on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration/solids content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Dispersion medium and pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Typical optical behavior (literature, for Ag nanoparticles)
  • Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption typically observed ~390–430 nm for spherical AgNPs; exact position depends on particle diameter, shell, and medium refractive index.
  • LSPR broadening/shift can report on aggregation or ligand exchange.
• Colloidal attributes (general guidance)
  • Hydrodynamic diameter, PDI, and zeta potential govern stability; cyanuric acid confers pH-dependent charge via deprotonation (literature pKa values for cyanuric acid ~6.9, 11.4, 13.5), influencing electrostatic stabilization.
  • Expected dispersibility: aqueous media are generally compatible when ionic strength is low to moderate; high salt can compress the double layer and induce aggregation.
• Solubility (conceptual)
  • Metallic silver is insoluble; the product is used as a colloidal dispersion if supplied wet. Ligand shell enhances water dispersibility via ionizable groups and H-bonding.
• Other constants (for bulk references, literature)
  • Density of bulk Ag: 10.49 g/cm³ (not directly applicable to colloids).
• Refractive index, viscosity, vapor pressure, melting/boiling points: Not applicable or not defined for nanoparticle dispersions; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How we think about quality for functionalized nanoparticles (general guidance for professionals):

• Particle size and distribution
  • Reported by TEM/SEM and DLS; narrow size distributions (low PDI) improve optical and catalytic reproducibility. Item-specific values are not provided here.
• Optical signature
  • UV–Vis LSPR maximum and bandwidth serve as rapid QC for aggregation and ligand coverage. Batch-to-batch overlays are commonly used.
• Surface chemistry verification
  • FTIR and/or Raman: cyanuric acid carbonyl/triazine bands; shifts upon coordination to Ag.
  • XPS: Ag 3d binding energies; N 1s/O 1s signatures consistent with cyanurate binding.
  • TGA: organic shell mass fraction; informs ligand density estimates.
• Colloidal metrics
  • Zeta potential vs pH titration to assess stability window; salt stability (critical coagulation concentration) for relevant electrolytes.
• Composition and purity
  • Total Ag concentration by ICP-OES/ICP-MS; residual reductants or free ligand by HPLC/LC–MS. Endotoxin/bioburden only if the application requires it (not implied for this item).
• Documentation
  • For specifications such as particle diameter range, concentration (mg/mL), dispersant, stabilizers, and allowable impurity limits: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Implications of cyanuric acid functionalization (general)
  • Provides H-bonding and pH-tunable surface for supramolecular assembly (e.g., with melamine); may enhance aqueous stability without thiols/polymers, simplifying downstream surface chemistry.

Reaction and Applications

Cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs combine plasmonic and catalytic properties of silver with a hydrogen-bonding, pH-responsive surface. Typical application spaces (literature/general):

• Plasmonic sensing and colorimetry
  • LSPR peak position and intensity report on aggregation; the cyanuric acid shell enables supramolecular recognition (e.g., melamine–cyanurate triple H-bonding), allowing colorimetric detection schemes.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS): AgNPs are strong SERS enhancers; the ligand modulates analyte adsorption and can pre-organize complementary guests.
• Heterogeneous catalysis
  • AgNPs catalyze reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol → 4-aminophenol with NaBH4) and certain oxidative couplings. The ligand layer influences mass transport and active-site accessibility; mild heating and stirring often suffice at room temperature conditions.
• Supramolecular assembly and materials construction
  • Cyanurate motifs engage in robust, directional H-bonds with melamine derivatives, supporting layer-by-layer films, capsules, and networked gels on demand.
• Surface coupling and further functionalization
  • Post-functionalize via noncovalent host–guest interactions or by exchanging a fraction of the shell with thiolated/amine-functional ligands. Validate stability during exchange.
• Practical notes
  • Work at low-to-moderate ionic strength; monitor UV–Vis for LSPR stability during reactions.
  • Control pH to tune surface charge (more anionic above pH ~7). Avoid thiols unless intentionally displacing/adding ligands.
  • For SERS, concentrate or aggregate controllably (e.g., with MgSO4) while preventing irreversible flocculation; verify by UV–Vis and test spectra.

Reaction Conditions

General literature guidance for common use-cases. These are not product specifications; optimize empirically for your system.

• Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (model reaction)
  • Solvent: water.
  • Substrate/catalyst: 0.1 mM 4-nitrophenol; excess NaBH4 (10–50 mM); add AgNP dispersion to give low ppm-level Ag.
  • Temperature: 20–30°C.
  • Monitoring: UV–Vis at 400 nm (4-nitrophenolate) decay and 300 nm product growth; pseudo-first-order kinetics in [4-NP].
  • Notes: Maintain low ionic strength; vigorous mixing improves mass transfer. Reaction typically completes within minutes at room temperature with adequate surface area.
• SERS measurements with AgNPs
  • Mix analyte (µM–mM) with AgNPs; optionally induce controlled aggregation using MgSO4 (1–10 mM) or dilute NaCl (<5 mM) while monitoring LSPR to avoid over-aggregation.
  • Acquisition: 532–785 nm excitation depending on analyte; accumulate several scans to improve S/N.
• Supramolecular assembly with melamine (for films/arrays)
  • Alternate exposures of cyanuric acid–AgNPs and melamine (10–100 µM) on substrates; rinse gently between steps; monitor buildup by UV–Vis or ellipsometry.

Caveats

• Halides and thiols can strongly perturb the surface; introduce only as intended and at controlled concentrations.
• pH near neutrality typically maximizes shell stability; extreme pH can strip ligands or dissolve Ag+ from the surface.

Safety and Handling

• GHS and hazard details
  • Signal word, H-statements, pictograms, and classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General nanomaterial precautions (literature/industry guidance)
  • Treat as a hazardous nanomaterial; avoid generating aerosols or dust. Use in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure; employ HEPA-filtered containment for dry powders.
  • Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile); consider double-gloving for extended work. For potential aerosolization, use a fit-tested respirator per institutional policy.
  • Silver-containing wastes should be collected as heavy-metal hazardous waste; do not discharge to drain.
• Chemical incompatibilities and reactivity (general)
  • Avoid strong halides (Cl−, Br−) and sulfide/sulfur-containing vapors (H2S, thiols) that can form AgX or Ag2S and alter colloid or surface chemistry.
  • Strong oxidants/acids/bases can dissolve or etch AgNPs and displace ligands. Cyanuric acid ligands may desorb under extreme pH.
• First-aid overview (non-exhaustive; defer to SDS)
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation of aerosols: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.
• Thermal and photostability
  • Store at 2–8°C (per Product Data). Avoid freezing unless validated; avoid prolonged light exposure which may promote photochemical reactions.
• SDS is the authoritative source for hazards, exposure controls, and disposal.

Solvent Selection

This product is a ligand-stabilized metallic nanoparticle and is typically handled as an aqueous dispersion. Specific dispersion medium is not provided for this item.

• Polarity and miscibility (general behavior)
  • Cyanuric acid presents ionizable hydroxyl/oxo sites (literature pKa ~6.9, 11.4, 13.5). Consequently, the shell is more anionic above neutral pH, favoring water dispersibility and electrostatic stabilization.
  • Miscible environment: deionized water and low-ionic-strength buffers; high fractions of water-miscible organics (ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile) can reduce dielectric constant and promote aggregation—introduce gradually if required and validate stability.
• Buffer effects
  • Ionic strength screens repulsion; NaCl and other simple salts at ≥10–50 mM often induce aggregation of AgNPs (literature). Start with ≤5–10 mM ionic strength and titrate upward.
  • Avoid chloride-rich buffers (e.g., PBS) during long incubations; Ag–Cl interactions can alter the surface and LSPR. Prefer HEPES, MES, or borate at low ionic strength when feasible.
  • Phosphate and thiol-containing components can adsorb strongly and change surface properties.
• When to choose this material vs alternatives
  • Choose cyanuric acid functionalization when you need a hydrogen-bond–addressable surface (e.g., melamine/cyanurate assembly) or pH-tunable charge without thiols or polymers.
  • Consider citrate- or polymer-stabilized AgNPs for higher salt tolerance, or AuNPs when stronger chemical inertness and chloride compatibility are required.
• Practical tips
  • Filter media through 0.22 µm only if validated; pressure can destabilize colloids.
  • Gentle inversion to mix; avoid vortexing and sonicate briefly at low power only if necessary to redisperse.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific)
  • Store at 2–8°C (per Product Data). Shipped on wet ice.
• Light and freeze–thaw
  • Protect from prolonged light exposure. Avoid freezing unless explicitly validated for your application; freeze–thaw can induce irreversible aggregation.
• Container and handling
  • Store in airtight, chemically clean glass or compatible polymer vials with minimal headspace to limit oxidation and evaporation. Mix by gentle inversion; avoid vigorous vortexing.
• Stability monitoring
  • Periodically record UV–Vis spectra; LSPR shifts or baseline scattering increases indicate aggregation or degradation. Document changes relative to receipt.
• Reconstitution/redispersion
  • If supplied as a dispersion: use as received or dilute with filtered, low-ionic-strength water/buffer. If concentration adjustment is required, prefer centrifugal concentrators over evaporation.
  • If supplied dried/lyophilized (not specified): reconstitute with deionized water to the desired concentration; allow to stand 10–15 minutes, then gently invert. If necessary, apply brief, low-power bath sonication to redisperse. Validate by UV–Vis/DLS.
• Compatibility notes
  • Avoid high chloride, thiols, and high ionic strength unless purposefully used and validated. Adjust pH near neutrality to maintain ligand integrity.
• Shelf life and specifications
  • Specific shelf life, preservative content, and concentration are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Research use
  • For research use only (per Product Data).

Structure and Identity

Research nanomaterial composed of a metallic silver (Ag0) core coated/functionalized with cyanuric acid (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol) as the surface ligand.

• Item-specific identifiers
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structural features (general description, literature)
  • Core–shell architecture: a nanoscale silver core (fcc metal) surrounded by an organic corona of cyanuric acid ligands.
  • Cyanuric acid is a 1,3,5-triazine ring bearing three carbonyl/oxo–enol (2,4,6-triol) functionalities capable of deprotonation and coordination to coinage metals and of dense H-bonding networks.
  • Surface binding likely involves Ag–O interactions from deprotonated cyanurate oxygens; the triazine ring presents multiple H-bond acceptor/donor sites to the medium for further supramolecular assembly (literature).
  • 2D depiction (verbal): a central hexagonal Ag core (not molecularly discrete) with radial organic ligands; each ligand is a planar s-triazine ring with three alternating C=O/N–H tautomers positioned symmetrically at 2,4,6, creating a threefold symmetric shell.
• Category: Materials science nanomaterial; for research use only.
• Notes: Particle size, polydispersity, ligand density, and silver concentration are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

While not a molecular reagent, cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs provide unique utility in synthesis and analysis (literature/general):

• Catalytic platform
  • Serve as heterogeneous catalysts for reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with NaBH4), certain alcohol oxidations, and coupling reactions under mild conditions. The ligand shell modulates activity/selectivity by controlling access to the Ag surface.
• In situ reaction monitoring
  • As SERS-active substrates, AgNPs enable monitoring of reaction intermediates at low concentrations. Cyanuric acid may facilitate pre-concentration of complementary H-bonding analytes near the surface.
• Supramolecular templating
  • Cyanurate motifs provide a handle to assemble ordered films or particles via melamine–cyanurate networks, which can template subsequent deposition (e.g., metallization, polymer growth) or create pickering emulsions.
• Immobilization and separations
  • The hydrogen-bonding surface allows noncovalent immobilization of amine-rich polymers or melamine-tagged catalysts, enabling recoverable nanocatalyst systems.

Practical guidance

• Validate that the ligand does not poison the desired catalytic transformation; perform control experiments with free cyanuric acid.
• If higher robustness is needed, partially exchange the shell with thiolated ligands post-synthesis, monitoring LSPR for stability.
• For SERS utility, optimize aggregation state and electrolyte to maximize enhancement without irreversible flocculation.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, oligonucleotide, or affinity reagent. No antigen/epitope/clone/isotype information applies. For supramolecular recognition, cyanuric acid exhibits general hydrogen-bond complementarity with melamine derivatives (literature), but this is not a biological target specificity.