GRADE & PURITYMoligand™?Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
Item-specific validated applications are not provided. The following are general, assay-agnostic procedures suitable for small-molecule screening compounds.
Stock solution preparation (general)
Weigh the required amount quickly to minimize ambient moisture uptake (if hygroscopicity is suspected). Prepare a 10–50 mM stock in anhydrous DMSO. Vortex and briefly sonicate if needed. Filter through 0.22 µm PTFE only if particulates persist and the compound is known to be stable.
Plate handling
For 96/384-well assays, pre-dilute compound in DMSO to create intermediate plates, then pin-tool or acoustic-dispense to assay plates to achieve final DMSO ≤0.5–1% v/v. Include matched DMSO controls.
Serial dilutions
Use 1:3 or 1:2 series across 8–12 points for potency estimation. Mix thoroughly at each step to avoid carryover artifacts.
Light/air sensitivity
If the CoA/SDS suggests sensitivity, prepare and store stocks in amber vials under inert gas. Minimize freeze–thaw by aliquoting.
Data quality controls
Monitor Z′ factor, include positive/negative controls, and assess potential aggregation (0.01% non-ionic detergent counterscreen) or redox interference as appropriate.
Always confirm item-specific solubility/stability from the CoA before adopting these protocols.
Biological Roles
Item-specific biological targets, pathways, or roles for DX-619 are not provided in the Product Data. No claims are made regarding mechanism, potency, or selectivity.
General context for small-molecule ligands in discovery
Such compounds are used to probe biochemical pathways, modulate enzyme or receptor function in vitro, and inform structure–activity relationships (SAR) during early discovery.
Target deconvolution methods (e.g., affinity capture, CETSA/MS, CRISPR-based chemogenomics) can help identify interacting proteins after phenotypic screening.
Orthogonal readouts (biochemical vs cellular vs biophysical assays) are recommended to confirm on-target effects and exclude assay interference (e.g., redox cyclers, aggregators, PAINS—perform counter-screens as appropriate).
Research-only disclaimer
For research use only. Not for human or veterinary applications. Any biological role must be established experimentally by the end user with appropriate controls.
Buffer Applications
DX-619 is a small-molecule screening ligand and not a buffer component. Therefore, classical buffer preparation guidance (pKa, buffering range, ionic strength) is not applicable for this item.
Practical note (general)
When formulating assay buffers containing small molecules from DMSO stocks, maintain consistent DMSO percentages across all conditions, and verify that buffer components (detergents, serum proteins, salts) do not precipitate the compound. If precipitation is observed, adjust order of addition, temperature (room temperature often improves miscibility over cold buffers), or include compatible solubilizing excipients at minimal levels.
Green Alternatives
Because DX-619 is a screening library small molecule rather than a commodity solvent or reagent, “green alternatives” relate mainly to solvent and process choices during handling and assay setup (general guidance):
Greener solvent choices for stock/working solutions (general)
Prefer ethanol or water-based vehicles where compatible with solubility and assay tolerance. However, many discovery compounds require DMSO for adequate solubility.
Use minimal DMSO percentages in assays (≤0.5–1% v/v) and validate that controls match the highest DMSO level.
Small comparison (general)
DMSO: excellent solvency; moderate EHS profile; biodegradable but with disposal considerations.
Ethanol: renewable routes available; good EHS; lower solvency for highly lipophilic compounds.
PEG400 or cyclodextrins: can enable aqueous delivery; increased viscosity or added components may affect readouts.
Process-level practices
Miniaturize assays (384/1536-well) to reduce solvent use and waste.
Employ sealed plates to limit VOC emissions when volatile co-solvents are used.
Consolidate waste streams (halogenated vs non-halogenated) per institutional green-chemistry and compliance policies.
Note: No item-specific greener “substitute compound” can be proposed without a disclosed structure or function for DX-619.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmaceutical or excipient uses are specified for this item. DX-619 is supplied for research use only (Product Data). No medical, diagnostic, or therapeutic claims are made.
General formulation context for discovery compounds (non-clinical, literature/general)
Preclinical in vitro work commonly utilizes DMSO stocks with aqueous dilution. For in vivo research (outside the scope of this listing), formulations often employ cosolvent systems (e.g., DMSO/PEG/saline) or encapsulation strategies; such uses require structure-specific stability and safety data, and appropriate regulatory oversight.
Compliance reminder
Not intended for use in humans or animals. Not an approved API, excipient, or drug product component per pharmacopeial standards. For any regulated application, obtain comprehensive CMC data and regulatory clearance.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physical properties were not provided.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP/logD: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Refractive index (if liquid): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance for screening compounds (literature/general)
Many drug-like small molecules dissolve well in anhydrous DMSO at 10–50 mM to form primary screening stocks; aqueous working concentrations typically ≤0.5–1% DMSO v/v to maintain cell/assay compatibility.
If ionizable, apparent solubility can often be improved by adjusting pH (e.g., acidic compounds into basic media and vice versa), or by using co-solvents such as DMF, ethanol, or solubilizing excipients like 0.01–0.1% Tween-80 (assay-dependent).
Hygroscopicity, polymorphism, and amorphous vs crystalline form can impact apparent solubility and handling; confirm on receipt via CoA and, if needed, quick DSC/TGA or XRPD checks for critical applications.
Always consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet for authoritative, item-specific values before quantitative use.
What Moligand™ typically signifies (general description)
Moligand designates inclusion in a curated small-molecule/ligand library intended for screening, target validation, and SAR exploration. Such offerings prioritize identity confirmation (LC–MS/HRMS, 1H NMR when applicable) and practical assay readiness (e.g., DMSO solubility checks) over application-specific certifications like HPLC-grade solvent UV specs.
Important qualifiers for this specific item
Stated numerical purity, residual solvent content, and detailed analytical specs: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
UV cutoffs or LC background characteristics: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Recommended quality verification on receipt (general best practice)
Confirm identity and purity suitable for your use-case with quick LC–MS and, where needed, 1H NMR. For high-sensitivity biology assays, consider additional checks for endotoxin and residual metals if relevant to your system.
Documentation
Request the batch CoA, Spec Sheet, and (if available) spectral data package for your lot to ensure alignment with your internal QC criteria.
Reaction and Applications
This product is supplied as a small-molecule ligand for screening and discovery. It is not primarily intended as a synthetic reagent. Therefore, classical “reaction applications” (e.g., as a base, catalyst, or coupling partner) are not typically applicable for this item.
Applicable research uses (general for Moligand library members)
Primary and secondary screening in biochemical, biophysical, or cell-based assays to identify activity patterns.
Hit expansion and SAR by catalog using structurally related analogs.
Target engagement studies via thermal shift (DSF), CETSA, or SPR/BLI if solubility and stability are suitable.
Mechanism-of-action hypotheses supported by chemoproteomics or phenotypic profiling, followed by target deconvolution workflows.
Assay-focused tips (general)
Prepare fresh DMSO stocks and minimize freeze–thaw cycles to avoid precipitation and degradation.
Include DMSO-only controls matched to the highest DMSO concentration in test wells.
For light- or air-sensitive scaffolds (if indicated by CoA/SDS), protect from light and use inert atmosphere during stock preparation.
For any use in chemical transformations, verify reactivity and compatibility from primary literature once the exact structure is confirmed (not provided here).
Reaction Conditions
Not applicable. DX-619 is not provided as a reagent for chemical synthesis, and no reaction conditions are specified for this item.
General note (if structure becomes available; literature/general)
Typical diversification of small molecules may employ Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings (room temperature to 120°C in polar aprotic solvents), amide bond formations (carbodiimide or uronium reagents in DMF/DCM), or hydrogenations (H2, Pd/C, 1–5 bar). Such conditions must be tailored to the actual functional groups present and verified experimentally.
For this listing, defer to assay/application sections rather than synthetic conditions.
Safety and Handling
Hazard information provided for this item is incomplete.
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Hazard statements (H-codes): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General laboratory precautions (general best practice)
Handle in a chemical fume hood; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact. Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). For powdery solids, consider antistatic measures and local exhaust.
Incompatibilities are structure-dependent; in absence of specifics, segregate from strong oxidizers, strong acids/bases, and reducing agents until compatibility is confirmed.
First aid: If on skin/eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If swallowed, rinse mouth. Seek medical advice; provide SDS to responders. Defer to SDS for authoritative instructions.
Spill response: Avoid dust formation; collect with inert absorbent for disposal per local regulations.
Research use only
This product is for research use only; not for human or veterinary use, diagnostics, or household applications (Product Data note). Always consult the SDS and institutional EHS guidance before use.
Solvent Selection
Item-specific solubility and polarity parameters are not provided. The guidance below reflects common practice for small-molecule screening ligands (literature/general).
Primary stock preparation
DMSO is the default solvent for discovery screening compounds due to broad solvency and assay compatibility at ≤0.5–1% v/v in working solutions.
Typical stock: 10 mM in anhydrous DMSO; adjust to 20–50 mM if solubility allows. Vortex and, if needed, brief sonication; avoid heating unless stability is known.
Aqueous compatibility
Dilute DMSO stocks into assay buffers gradually with mixing to minimize precipitation. For challenging compounds, add DMSO last to a vortexing aqueous phase or use co-solvent strategies (DMSO:PEG400:water or DMSO:ethanol:water).
Alternative solvents (as assay permits)
DMF (high solvency, higher toxicity); ethanol (biocompatible but less solvating for highly lipophilic scaffolds); PEG400 or cyclodextrins for formulation-style solubilization.
pH-dependent solubility
For ionizable compounds, mildly basic buffers can improve solubility of acids; mildly acidic buffers can aid bases. Verify compound stability versus pH prior to use.
Ethanol: greener, volatile; lower solvency for very hydrophobic ligands.
DMF: powerful but less desirable in bioassays; reserve for analytical or chemical manipulations.
Storage and Reconstitution
Storage conditions: Room temperature (Product Data). If long-term storage is planned or stability is uncertain, many small molecules benefit from cool, desiccated, dark storage; verify item-specific guidance on the CoA/SDS.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance on receipt: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Reconstitution (general for screening compounds)
Prepare primary stocks in anhydrous DMSO at 10–50 mM. If repeated use is expected, aliquot into amber vials or plates to minimize freeze–thaw and headspace oxygen/moisture exposure.
For aqueous working solutions, add DMSO stock to buffer with vigorous mixing to avoid local supersaturation and precipitation. Use immediately or within the demonstrated stability window for your assay.
Stability considerations
Item-specific stability, water content limits, and degradation pathways: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS. If instability is suspected, perform a short stability-indicating LC–MS time course under intended storage conditions.
Disposal
Dispose of unused material and solutions according to institutional chemical waste guidelines and SDS recommendations.
Structure and Identity
DX-619 (SKU D610026) is supplied as part of Aladdin’s Moligand small-molecule library. Item-specific structural identifiers are limited in the provided Product Data.
CAS: 431058-65-0 (Product Data)
PubChem CID: 9865774 (Product Data)
InChIKey: 460102 (as provided; note: not in standard 27-character InChIKey format)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features
Item-specific functional groups, ring systems, and stereochemistry: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Notes on representation (general information)
For small-molecule screening ligands, standard identifiers typically include a canonical SMILES and a 2D depiction highlighting core scaffold, heteroatoms, and any stereocenters (literature/general). If needed for informatics workflows, request the SDF/MOL file in addition to the CoA.
Quality check
Cross-verification of CAS ↔ CID ↔ InChIKey/SMILES is recommended before cheminformatics ingestion (general best practice).
Synthetic Utility
DX-619 is offered as a screening ligand and not as a synthetic building block. Without a disclosed structure, no specific reactivity, functional-group transformations, or named-reaction roles can be ascribed.
General guidance (when structure is known; literature/general)
If the compound contains common functional handles (e.g., aryl halide, carboxylate, amine), late-stage diversification via cross-coupling (Suzuki, Buchwald–Hartwig), amidation, or reductive amination can be used to expand SAR.
Protecting-group strategies, chemoselectivity, and stereochemical integrity should be evaluated with microscale scouting before committing to larger-scale modifications.
If you intend to derivatize this item, request the structural data package and confirm IP/licensing status for any derivative synthesis.
Target Specificity
Target(s): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or primary screening data.
Selectivity profile: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Species reactivity: Not applicable; this is a small molecule, not an antibody or protein reagent.
Guidance (general)
Establish target specificity using orthogonal assays (biochemical IC50/Ki, cellular EC50, biophysical Kd) and appropriate counterscreens to exclude assay interference. Consider thermal shift, CETSA, SPR/BLI, or isothermal titration calorimetry for binding confirmation.
Need help choosing the grade?
Our grade selection guide covers purity, stabilizer status, and application suitability for all variants in our catalog.
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Products are supplied to verified businesses, institutions, and qualified professionals for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.
