Eriochrome Cyanine - 0.05%

Cat. No.: E397584

GRADE & PURITY 0.05%

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

0.05%

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Room temperature

Enviado em

Normal

Application Protocols

No item-specific, validated protocols are provided for this SKU; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.

General protocol outlines (literature/generic; adapt to your method):

• Spectrophotometric metal assay:
  1. Prepare metal-free buffer at the desired pH. 2) Dissolve an accurately weighed amount of dye in buffer (or a minimal alcohol co-solvent, then buffer). 3) Filter (0.2–0.45 µm). 4) Prepare calibration standards of the target metal. 5) Mix fixed dye aliquot with standards/samples, incubate briefly to equilibrate, and record absorbance at the established λmax. 6) Plot calibration and quantify unknowns, applying blanks and, if needed, masking agents for interferences.
• Research histological staining (conceptual):
  1. Deparaffinize and rehydrate sections. 2) Incubate with dye solution in the specified buffer for a validated time. 3) Rinse and differentiate as required to optimize contrast. 4) Apply counterstain if desired, then dehydrate, clear, and mount. Optimize times and concentrations empirically for your tissue and endpoint.

Always confirm conditions (concentration, pH, timing) with small-scale pilots before full studies.

Biological Roles

This product is a synthetic dye used as an analytical/staining reagent; it has no known endogenous biological role.

Research-use context (literature/generic):

• Histological staining: Eriochrome-type cyanine dyes have been used to visualize tissue components in research histology, where binding is largely driven by electrostatic interactions and secondary coordination with polyvalent cations in the matrix.
• Metallochromic behavior: In buffered biological samples, metal–dye complex formation can enable spectrophotometric metal determination. Interactions depend on pH, ionic strength, competing ligands (e.g., proteins, citrate), and the specific metal.

Practical considerations:

• Avoid biological interpretations based solely on color intensity without appropriate standards and controls; matrix effects and pH profoundly alter dye binding and spectra.
• If used with cells/tissues, this is strictly for research staining and visualization. Ensure proper washing and differentiation steps to reduce nonspecific background.
• No clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic use is intended or implied for this reagent (Research Use Only).

Buffer Applications

Applicability: This product is not a buffering agent per se; however, buffer selection is critical for its analytical/staining performance.

General guidance (literature/generic):

• pH control: Metallochromic responses are highly pH-dependent. Choose a buffer that maintains the required pH window for your analyte without binding the target metal excessively.
• Common buffer choices: Acetate, citrate, tartrate, or ammonium-based buffers are frequently used in metal–dye assays; phosphate can chelate or precipitate some metals and may be unsuitable depending on the target.
• Ionic strength: Keep ionic strength consistent between standards and samples to maintain reproducible complexation equilibria and spectra.
• Interference management: Some buffers (e.g., citrate, tartrate) can act as masking agents; optimize concentrations to balance pH control and metal availability for complexation.

Practical tips:

• Prepare buffers with high-purity, metal-free water and acid-washed glassware or plasticware.
• Filter buffers (0.2–0.45 µm) to remove particulates that increase background scattering in spectrophotometric assays.
• Validate the chosen pH and buffer composition with a small pilot set to confirm color development, λmax position, and linear range for your specific system.

Green Alternatives

Green chemistry perspective (general for dye-based indicators/stains):

• Aqueous media: Favor water or aqueous buffers as the primary solvent to minimize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Many Eriochrome-type dyes perform well in water at controlled pH.
• Lower-toxicity co-solvents: If a co-solvent is needed, prefer ethanol or isopropanol over methylene chloride or other hazardous organics.
• Minimize dye mass: Use the lowest concentration compatible with adequate signal-to-noise; excess dye increases colored waste without analytical benefit.
• Waste management: Segregate metal-containing dye waste for appropriate treatment; chelated metals may require specific disposal to prevent environmental release.

Comparison (generic):

• Eriochrome Cyanine vs. Eriochrome Black T: Selection depends on target metal/pH window; either can be used in water. Choose the dye that provides adequate sensitivity at milder pH to reduce corrosive buffer use.
• Eriochrome Cyanine vs. Xylenol Orange/Pyrocatechol Violet: Alternatives may offer similar sensitivity with different interference profiles; prioritize reagents that function in near-neutral aqueous buffers when feasible.

Operational tips to reduce impact:

• Adopt micro-scale cuvettes and microplate formats to reduce reagent volumes.
• Reuse clean glassware rather than disposable plastics where compatible.
• Validate shorter staining times and lower temperatures to reduce energy consumption.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No direct excipient or pharmacopeial role is specified for this SKU; Not specified for this item—refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General research/industrial context (non-clinical):

• Analytical reagent in QC: Metallochromic dyes are sometimes used in research and industrial quality-control laboratories for colorimetric/spectrophotometric assessment of metal contaminants or residual catalysts in process streams and excipients.
• Process development: Can support method development for metal monitoring in upstream/downstream processes, where rapid visual or spectrophotometric checks are useful.

Notes and constraints:

• For research use only; not for use in humans or for manufacturing of clinical-grade products without appropriate qualification and regulatory review.
• If used in a regulated environment, qualify incoming lots for identity, purity, absorbance profile, and impurity limits relevant to your method. Establish validated system suitability criteria (e.g., absorbance at λmax, baseline drift, blank response).

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications:

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: Not applicable for dyes that decompose before boiling; exact value Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• LogP, pKa, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature notes for the Eriochrome dye class (not item-specific):

• Many Eriochrome-type metallochromic dyes are supplied as sodium sulfonate salts and are readily soluble in water and polar protic solvents; solubility in nonpolar media is typically low.
• They display intense visible absorption bands (strong extinction coefficients) that shift upon metal complexation and pH changes; UV–Vis maxima depend on pH, ionic strength, and the specific metal–ligand complex formed.
• Solid dyes are typically hygroscopic to a minor extent and may be light sensitive; protected storage and minimal moisture exposure are advisable (see Storage section). Always verify the exact physical constants on the product CoA for this SKU.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity for this SKU: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How to interpret grades for dye reagents (general guidance):

• Analytical reagent (AR) grade: Typically controlled for inorganic impurities and dye content; suitable for analytical colorimetric work.
• Dyes for histology: May be qualified by dye content, color index (C.I.), and performance in specified staining protocols (e.g., contrast, background).
• Spectrophotometric grade: Low baseline absorbance from 350–800 nm in the intended solvent and control over trace-metal content to reduce background complexation.

Considerations specific to metallochromic dyes (general):

• Trace-metal content can strongly affect baseline color and apparent endpoint in complexometric assays. If you plan to use the dye as a metallochromic indicator or for spectrophotometric determinations, verify metal content specifications or pre-treat solutions with a metal scavenger as appropriate.
• Counterion form (e.g., sodium salt vs. free acid) impacts solubility and apparent pKa; ensure the form on the CoA matches your method.
• Batch-to-batch color strength may vary; standardize solutions by mass and verify absorptivity at the chosen wavelength before use.

Reaction and Applications

This product is primarily an analytical/staining reagent rather than a synthetic intermediate.

Analytical and staining applications (literature/generic):

• Metallochromic indicator: Eriochrome-type cyanine dyes form colored complexes with certain metal ions, producing distinct color changes or spectral shifts. They are used in complexation-based assays and titrations (method- and pH-dependent) and in spectrophotometric determinations after complex formation.
• Spectrophotometry: Complex formation often yields strong absorbance bands in the visible region. Calibration curves can be prepared to quantify trace metals in aqueous matrices; masking agents may be required to manage interferences.
• Histological staining: Variants of Eriochrome Cyanine have been reported for staining connective tissue or basement membrane components in research histology. Contrast can be tuned via pH and counterstains.

Practical tips (general):

• Control pH precisely; metallochromic responses are pH-sensitive due to phenolic/azo ionization and metal speciation.
• Use high-purity water and acid-cleaned glassware to minimize background metal contamination.
• When quantifying metals, include blanks and matrix-matched standards; consider adding masking agents (e.g., citrate, tartrate, EDTA in limited roles) to suppress interferences as appropriate for your target analyte.
• Verify wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) for your specific system, as it depends on dye concentration, pH, and the metal–dye stoichiometry.

Reaction Conditions

There are no synthetic “reaction conditions” specific to this product since it functions as an analytical/staining dye rather than a substrate or catalyst.

General conditions for analytical use (literature/generic):

• Solvent: Water or aqueous buffer is typical. Small amounts of alcohol (e.g., ethanol) may aid dissolution.
• pH: Carefully adjust and maintain the pH suited to the target metal–dye complex; color development and λmax are pH-dependent.
• Temperature: Room temperature is commonly sufficient for complexation and staining; mild warming can accelerate dissolution but avoid overheating and prolonged exposure to strong light.
• Concentration: Prepare working dye solutions fresh at low millimolar to micromolar concentrations appropriate for visible detection. Establish linear ranges by calibration.
• Time: Complex formation is often rapid (seconds to minutes); allow sufficient equilibration before measurement for reproducibility.
• Filtration: Filter dye solutions through 0.2–0.45 µm membranes before spectrophotometry to minimize scattering and baseline noise.

Quality control:

• Record blank spectra of buffer alone and dye-only solution (no analyte) to correct for background.
• Verify λmax and extinction changes with standards of the target metal under identical conditions before analyzing unknowns.

Safety and Handling

Authoritative safety data for this SKU (GHS/CLP) are Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• Signal word: Not specified; refer to SDS.
• Hazard statements (H-phrases): Not specified; refer to SDS.
• GHS classification/pictograms: Not specified; refer to SDS.

General laboratory handling guidance (good practice):

• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses or splash goggles, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves. Use a dust mask/respirator if handling fine powders that may become airborne.
• Engineering controls: Work in a fume hood or well-ventilated area, particularly when preparing solutions or handling powders to prevent inhalation of particulate.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and strong reducing agents may affect azo dyes; avoid contact with strong bases/acids unless intended, as pH shifts alter ionization and spectral properties. Keep away from reactive metal salts unless deliberately forming complexes.
• Special risks for dye powders: Potential for staining and aerosolization; handle gently, minimize dust generation, and clean spills promptly with damp disposable wipes. Protect from light if prolonged exposure could cause fading or degradation.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS): Inhalation—move to fresh air. Skin/eye—rinse with water for several minutes. Ingestion—rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Provide the SDS to responders.
• Waste: Collect dye-containing solutions and rinses as organic/aqueous hazardous waste per institutional and local regulations.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific solubility data are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General considerations for Eriochrome-type metallochromic dyes (literature/generic):

• Primary solvents: Water and aqueous buffers are commonly used, owing to sulfonate groups that promote aqueous solubility. Minor amounts of ethanol, methanol, or isopropanol may be used to aid wetting/dissolution.
• pH dependence: Ionization state of phenolic groups affects both solubility and spectral properties; prepare solutions in the pH range required by your analytical method.
• Avoid strong nonpolar solvents (e.g., hexanes) where solubility is typically poor.

When to choose this dye vs. alternatives (conceptual):

• Choose Eriochrome Cyanine when a metallochromic color change or metal-dependent spectral shift is desired (e.g., spectrophotometric metal assays, complexometric indicators, histological staining of specific tissue components).
• Consider alternatives such as Eriochrome Black T, xylenol orange, or pyrocatechol violet if your target metal, pH window, or interference profile differs. Validate with small-scale trials to compare sensitivity and selectivity in your exact matrix.

Practical tips:

• Pre-wet the powder with a small volume of alcohol before dilution into water to minimize clumping (general dye-handling practice).
• Filter solutions (0.2–0.45 µm) to remove undissolved particulates prior to spectrophotometry or staining.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage/shipping:

• Storage conditions: Room temperature (per Product Data). Protect from moisture and excessive light as good practice for dyes.
• Shipped in: Normal (per Product Data).

General guidance (non-binding; verify with your internal SOPs):

• Solid dye: Store tightly closed in the original container, in a dry place, protected from direct light. Consider desiccation to limit moisture uptake.
• Reconstitution/stock solutions: Prepare solutions in water or appropriate buffer for your method. If using a co-solvent (e.g., ethanol) to aid dissolution, keep the final alcohol content low to match method conditions.
• Filtration: Clarify freshly prepared solutions by 0.2–0.45 µm filtration to remove particulates before spectrophotometry or staining.
• Solution stability: Dyes can degrade or undergo spectral drift over time, especially under light exposure and at extreme pH. Prepare fresh working solutions as needed and store aliquots in amber containers at 2–8 °C when short-term storage is unavoidable. For long-term storage of solutions, freezing at ≤ −20 °C in the dark may help, but confirm performance before critical use.
• Freeze–thaw: Minimize repeated freeze–thaw of dye solutions by aliquoting.

Research Use Note: For research use only.

Structure and Identity

• Item name: Eriochrome Cyanine (often encountered in the literature as a metallochromic azo dye used for metal ion detection and histological staining).
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General structural features (literature):

• Many “Eriochrome …” dyes are sulfonated azo-type colorants bearing phenolic/aryl groups and one or more sulfonate groups for water solubility; several members chelate multivalent metal ions, giving distinct bathochromic/hypsochromic shifts.
• Typical functional motifs reported for metallochromic eriochrome dyes include: aromatic rings, phenolic OH, azo (–N=N–) linkages, and sulfonate substituents that enhance aqueous solubility and enable metallochromic behavior.

2D description in words (literature, generic for this dye class):

• Conjugated aryl–azo–aryl skeleton with ionizable phenolic groups and at least one anionic sulfonate; planar conjugation supports intense visible absorption. Exact substitution pattern varies by specific Eriochrome Cyanine variant; consult CoA for this SKU.

Synthetic Utility

This product is not commonly used as a building block in multistep synthesis. Its primary value is as an analytical/staining reagent.

Nevertheless, concepts useful to synthetic chemists (generic):

• Metal monitoring: During catalysis development (e.g., cross-coupling, hydrogenation), rapid colorimetric checks with metallochromic dyes can provide semi-quantitative information about residual or leached metals in aqueous workups.
• Phase selection: The strong coloration can aid in visual tracking of aqueous vs. organic phases and extraction efficiency during method development.
• Titrimetric endpoints: In some cases, metallochromic dyes can be used to visualize endpoints in complexometric titrations designed to assay metal content of reagents or scavengers.

Caveats:

• Many metallochromic dyes can themselves bind metals; introducing them into catalytic mixtures may poison catalysts. Use only in analytical aliquots removed from the reaction mixture.
• Spectral overlap: Colored substrates/products may interfere with visible detection; consider derivative spectrophotometry or alternative indicators if background is high.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule dye, not a biological targeting reagent (e.g., antibody, ligand-conjugate), and no antigen/epitope specificity is defined for this SKU. Any apparent selectivity arises from coordination chemistry with specific metal ions under controlled pH/ionic-strength conditions rather than biological recognition.