ETC-1002 - Moligand™, ≥99% , ATP-citrate synthase inhibitor, CAS No.738606-46-7, ATP-citrate synthase inhibitor

CAS: 738606-46-7 Cat. No.: E413887 Fórmula: C₁₉H₃₆O₅ Peso molecular: 344.49 Número CE: 810-485-8

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, ≥99%

Synonyms

acido bempedoico | CHEBI:44212 | DB11936 | (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid | A905695 | AS-49804 | EINECS 207-354-7 | Epitope ID:115015 | s7953 | acidum bempedoicum | AMY31933 | BEMPEDOIC ACID [USAN] | CCG-267969 | bempedoic-acid | Q27075007 | BEMPE

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Visão geral

Information

ETC-1002 ETC-1002 (Bempedoic acid, ESP-55016),also known as Bempedoic acid, is an orally available, once-daily LDL-C lowering small molecule designed to lower elevated levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies.ETC-1002 is an activator of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) . It has potent inhibitory activity against hepatic ATP-citrate lyase (IC50=29 uM).

Targets

AMPK

In vitro

ETC-1002 is a new investigational low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering agent which is a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a novel mechanism of action targeting two hepatic enzymes--adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting sterol and fatty acid synthesis and promoting mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. It increases levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, reduces activity of MAP kinases and decreases production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These effects on soluble mediators of inflammation can be significantly abrogated by LKB1 siRNAs, indicating that ETC-1002 activates AMPK and exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via an LKB1-dependent mechanism.

In vivo

ETC-1002 suppresses thioglycollate-induced homing of leukocytes into mouse peritoneal cavity. Similarly, in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, ETC-1002 restores adipose AMPK activity, reduces JNK phosphorylation, and diminishes expression of macrophage-specific marker 4F/80. ETC-1002 is an inactive prodrug and converted to an active ACL inhibitor(ECT-1002-CoA) by endogenous liver ACS activity in vivo.

Cell Research(from reference)

Cell lines：Primary rat hepatocytes and differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages 

Concentrations：30 μM or 100 μM 

Incubation Time：12 h 

Application

Bempedoic Acid is used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors . It inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL), which an enzyme involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.

Specifications

Sinónimos

acido bempedoico | CHEBI:44212 | DB11936 | (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid | A905695 | AS-49804 | EINECS 207-354-7 | Epitope ID:115015 | s7953 | acidum bempedoicum | AMY31933 | BEMPEDOIC ACID [USAN] | CCG-267969 | bempedoic-acid | Q27075007 | BEMPE

Especificações e pureza

Moligand™, ≥99%

Mecanismos bioquímicos e fisiológicos

ETC-1002 (Bempedoic acid, ESP-55016),also known as Bempedoic acid, is an orally available, once-daily LDL-C lowering small molecule designed to lower elevated levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies.ETC-

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Store at -20°C

Enviado em

Ice chest + Ice pads

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Grau

Moligand™

Tipo de ação

INHIBITOR

Mecanismo de ação

ATP-citrate synthase inhibitor

Pureza

≥99%

Nomes e identificadores

Pubchem Sid

504765489

Pubchem Sid Url

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/504765489

Sorrisos canónicos

CC(C)(CCCCCC(CCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O

IUPAC Name

8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid

InChIKey

HYHMLYSLQUKXKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

INCHI

1S/C19H36O5/c1-18(2,16(21)22)13-9-5-7-11-15(20)12-8-6-10-14-19(3,4)17(23)24/h15,20H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)

SMILES isoméricas

CC(C)(CCCCCC(CCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O

Peso molecular

344.49

Reaxy-Rn

11997099

Reaxys-RN_link_address

https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=11997099&ln=

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Lipids and lipid-like molecules
    • Classe Fatty Acyls
      • Subclass Fatty acids and conjugates

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Lipids and lipid-like molecules
• Classe: Fatty Acyls
• Subclass: Fatty acids and conjugates
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Long-chain fatty acids
• Alternative Parents: Methyl-branched fatty acids Hydroxy fatty acids Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives Secondary alcohols Carboxylic acids Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives Carbonyl compounds
• Molecular Framework: Aliphatic acyclic compounds
• Substituents: Long-chain fatty acid - Methyl-branched fatty acid - Hydroxy fatty acid - Branched fatty acid - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Secondary alcohol - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organic oxygen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Alcohol - Aliphatic acyclic compound
• Descrição: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Alvos associados (não humanos)

Hdac6 Histone deacetylase 6 (222 Activities)

Discover Target: Hdac6

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)

Discover Target: rep

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Mecanismos de ação

Propriedades químicas e físicas

• Solubilidade: Solubility (25°C) In vitro DMSO: 68 mg/mL (197.39 mM); Water: Insoluble; Ethanol: Insoluble
• Ponto de fusão (°C): 87 - 92°C
• Peso molecular: 344.500 g/mol
• XLogP3: 4.800
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
• Rotatable Bond Count: 14
• Exact Mass: 344.256 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 344.256 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.800 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 24
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 351.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Application Protocols

Validated/tested application protocols are not provided for this SKU.

• Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General practice for small‑molecule tool compounds (context only):

• Prepare DMSO stock (10–50 mM). Serially dilute in DMSO, then spike into assay buffer to reach the desired final concentration with 0.1–1% DMSO.
• Include vehicle controls matching final DMSO concentration. Mix gently and incubate to equilibrium before measurement.
• For LC–MS quantitation, prepare calibration standards and QC samples in matrix‑matched solutions; evaluate carryover and stability.

Biological Roles

General, literature-based overview (no clinical/therapeutic claims):

• Pathway context: ETC‑1002 is used in research as a small‑molecule modulator within lipid and energy metabolism studies. It is associated in the literature with the ATP‑citrate lyase (ACLY) axis, which partitions citrate between the TCA cycle and cytosolic acetyl‑CoA generation for fatty‑acid and sterol biosynthesis.
• Activation: In cellular systems, literature reports intracellular conversion to a CoA thioester by very long–chain acyl‑CoA synthetase isoforms prior to enzyme engagement. This biochemical activation step informs tissue/selectivity hypotheses in mechanistic studies.
• Downstream biomarkers (research context): Investigations often monitor changes in acetyl‑CoA–derived lipid synthesis, citrate/acetyl‑CoA pools, or phosphorylation states within lipogenic signaling.
• Selectivity considerations: Studies typically evaluate off‑pathway effects by profiling against related lipid‑handling enzymes and transporters to confirm primary pathway modulation.

Notes and limitations:

• Specific biological activity, potency values (IC50/Ki), and selectivity panels are not provided for this item; consult primary literature and the CoA/Spec Sheet for any available data.
• RUO only. Not for diagnostic, clinical, or veterinary use.

Buffer Applications

This compound is not a buffering reagent and is not typically used to control solution pH. However, practical handling in buffers is relevant for biochemical and cell assays:

• Stock and dilution: Prepare concentrated stocks in DMSO (e.g., 10–50 mM), then dilute into assay buffer (e.g., HEPES, PBS, or Tris-buffered media). Maintain a small DMSO fraction (0.1–1% v/v) to mitigate precipitation.
• pH considerations: As a carboxylic acid, solubility increases with pH above its pKa. Excessively basic buffers can alter membrane permeability or target engagement; confirm functional readouts at the chosen pH.
• Surfactants: 0.01–0.05% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Tween‑20 or Pluronic F‑68) can reduce nonspecific binding and improve dispersion in low‑organic buffers.
• Adsorption control: Use low‑bind tubes/plates. Pre‑wetting with buffer containing the final DMSO concentration can improve dose delivery consistency.

Not specified for this item:

• Exact aqueous solubility limits and pKa. Refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and determine empirically under your assay conditions.

Green Alternatives

Context: For this solid small molecule, “green alternatives” mainly concern solvent choices and derivatization workflows rather than replacement of the compound itself.

Greener solvent choices for handling and analytics (general guidance):

• Stock preparation: Prefer aqueous buffer cosolvent systems (e.g., DMSO ≤1% v/v in final assay) to minimize organic load.
• Extraction/cleanup: Where feasible, use ethyl acetate or 2‑MeTHF instead of dichloromethane for organic workups (synthesis or sample prep).
• Chromatography: Favor ethanol or methanol over acetonitrile when method performance permits; consider supercritical CO2 for preparative separations.

Comparison (general):

• DCM vs 2‑MeTHF or EtOAc: 2‑MeTHF/EtOAc offer lower toxicity and better sustainability, with comparable solvency for many carboxylic acid derivatives.
• DMF/NMP vs Cyrene, PolarClean, or green esters: For amide couplings, greener dipolar aprotics may substitute in some protocols; verify coupling efficiency and base compatibility.

Trade‑offs:

• Solubility and reaction rates may decrease with greener solvents; modest temperature increases or longer times can compensate.
• Analytical sensitivity (LC–MS) can vary with greener mobile phases; re‑optimize ionization and chromatographic conditions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

RUO note: This product is for research use only and is not supplied for use as an excipient or active ingredient in manufactured pharmaceuticals.

Research/formulation context only (general):

• Reference standard: Employed as a chemical reference for analytical method development (e.g., LC–MS/MS quantification in research samples), forced‑degradation studies, and stability‑indicating method validation.
• Preformulation studies: Researchers may evaluate salt forms (e.g., sodium), co‑solvent systems, and solid‑state properties (polymorph screening) to support medicinal chemistry programs.
• Delivery vehicles (in vivo research only, non-clinical): Solubilization strategies can include DMSO/PEG‑400/saline or Captisol-containing vehicles; compatibility and tolerability must be assessed under institutional IACUC guidelines.

Not specified for this item:

• Pharmacopeial monograph status, GMP compliance, residual solvent limits, or acceptability as an excipient/API. Consult CoA/Spec Sheet for available analytical attributes.

No clinical or therapeutic claims are made or implied for this catalog item.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications (this SKU):

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general properties for ETC-1002 (bempedoic acid) — for context only, not item specifications:

• Physical state: typically reported as a solid carboxylic acid (literature).
• Aqueous solubility: low at neutral pH, higher in basic media due to carboxylate formation; readily soluble in polar aprotic organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF (literature).
• pKa: carboxylic acids of this class generally exhibit pKa ~4–5 (literature, class expectation; consult primary data for the exact value).

Unspecified for this item (do not treat as specifications):

• Melting point, boiling point, density, logP/logD, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Practical notes (general):

• For stock preparation, DMSO is commonly used; if aqueous delivery is required, dissolve in DMSO first and dilute into buffered media containing a small percentage of co‑solvent or surfactant to avoid precipitation (general practice).
• Salt formation (e.g., sodium salt) may improve aqueous handling for some workflows; verify compatibility with your assay system.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™.

What Moligand™ typically signifies (general description):

• Moligand™ products are curated for small‑molecule discovery workflows (e.g., ligand screening, target validation, SAR exploration). Emphasis is on structural identity and suitability for biochemical and cellular research use.
• While high chemical purity is expected, item‑specific assay purity, residual solvent profile, and impurity thresholds are not provided here. For definitive specifications (e.g., HPLC area %, residual solvents, water content, salt form), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for SKU E413887.

Implications for research use:

• The grade is suitable for medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and screening applications where reliable identity and consistent handling are critical.
• UV cutoff, metal content, and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Documentation and release testing:

• Each lot should be supported by analytical identity (e.g., NMR/HRMS/LC), but the exact test suite for this item is not listed here. Request the CoA for current lot data.

Compliance note:

• For research use only (RUO). Not manufactured for human or veterinary use, diagnostics, or as a pharmaceutical excipient.

Reaction and Applications

Manufacturer Applications: Not specified in the product data for this SKU. The following are general research uses for ETC‑1002 in the literature; do not treat as item‑specific claims.

Literature/research applications:

• Biochemical probe: Widely utilized as a reference small molecule for studying fatty‑acid metabolism and the ATP‑citrate lyase (ACLY) pathway. In cells, it is reported to be converted to a CoA thioester prior to engaging its enzyme target (literature context).
• Target engagement and SAR: Serves as a tool compound in assays (biochemical or cell-based) to establish pathway dependence, validate target modulation, and benchmark analogs.
• Analytical standard: Used to develop and validate LC–MS/MS quantitation in complex matrices for research samples (method development, stability, extraction recovery studies).

Methodological considerations (general):

• Stock solutions: Prepare in dry DMSO (10–50 mM). Filter through 0.2 µm PTFE if particulate persists.
• Adsorption/precipitation control: Use low‑bind plastics or silanized glass; maintain ≥0.1% DMSO after dilution to minimize losses.
• pH effects: As a carboxylic acid, ionization above its pKa can affect membrane permeability and assay readouts; harmonize assay buffers accordingly.
• Stability checks: Assess freeze–thaw stability and bench‑top stability by LC to confirm integrity in your specific matrix. Protect from prolonged light/heat exposure.

Reaction Conditions

Representative conditions for common transformations of carboxylic acids (general literature guidance; not specific to this SKU):

• Amide coupling:

  • Reagents: HATU (1.1–1.5 eq), DIPEA (2–4 eq), amine (1.0–1.5 eq).
  • Solvent: DMF or NMP; 0.05–0.2 M.
  • Temperature/time: 20–25°C, 1–4 h (extend as needed for hindered substrates).
  • Notes: Additive HOAt/oxyma may improve yields; minimize water. Work up via aqueous quench and extraction or precipitative purification.

• Esterification (Steglich):

  • Reagents: DCC (1.1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq), alcohol (1.5–3 eq).
  • Solvent: DCM or THF.
  • Temperature/time: 0°C to RT, 2–16 h.
  • Notes: Filter off dicyclohexylurea; for greener variants, use EDCI in EtOAc/MeCN.

• Acid chloride formation:

  • Reagents: Oxalyl chloride (1.5–2 eq) with catalytic DMF.
  • Solvent: DCM or toluene.
  • Temperature/time: 0°C to RT, 1–3 h.
  • Notes: Exclude moisture; follow with immediate coupling to nucleophiles.

• Salt formation:

  • Reagents: NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 (aqueous) to form sodium salt; isolate by lyophilization or solvent removal.

Always verify compatibility with the specific structure of ETC‑1002 as documented in the CoA/Spec Sheet, and confirm by small‑scale trials.

Safety and Handling

Authoritative safety information must be taken from the product SDS.

GHS information for this item:

• Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H‑Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms/GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory precautions (good practice):

• Handle in a chemical fume hood. Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin/eyes. Use appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and chemically resistant gloves.
• Avoid generating dust; use antistatic measures when weighing.
• Storage incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and strong bases/acids may lead to degradation or salt formation; segregate accordingly. Keep tightly closed to minimize moisture uptake.
• First aid (overview; refer to SDS for details):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

Environmental/housekeeping:

• Prevent release to drains. Collect solids and contaminated disposables as hazardous chemical waste in accordance with institutional and local regulations.

Shipping/temperature:

• Shipped on ice packs as provided in the product data. Store at −20°C upon receipt. Allow container to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to avoid condensation.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: ETC-1002 is a small‑molecule acid often handled as DMSO stocks for screening.

General solvent guidance (literature/practice):

• Polar aprotic: DMSO and DMF typically provide excellent solubility for carboxylic acid drug‑like molecules. DMSO is preferred for biological assays.
• Alcohols: Methanol and ethanol can dissolve moderate amounts; isopropanol may be used for intermediate polarity.
• Aqueous systems: Solubility at neutral pH is often limited; solubility increases at pH > pKa due to ionization. Consider forming dilute stocks in aqueous buffers only after pre‑dissolving in DMSO.
• Nonpolar solvents: Generally poor solubility as a free acid; ester derivatives (if prepared) may be more soluble in nonpolar media.

Practical selection by use case:

• Enzyme and cell assays: Prepare 10–50 mM DMSO stocks; final DMSO in assay typically 0.1–1% v/v. Use surfactants (e.g., 0.01–0.05% Tween‑20) if precipitation is observed upon dilution.
• Analytical (HPLC): Use aqueous mobile phase with 0.1% formic acid or ammonium formate buffer for LC‑MS; sample in DMSO or MeOH. For reverse‑phase retention, moderate organic (MeCN/MeOH) with buffered aqueous phase is typical.
• Synthesis/derivatization: Amide couplings often run in DMF, NMP, or DCM/DMF mixtures with carbodiimide or uronium coupling agents.

Notes:

• Verify solvent compatibility with your biological system. Avoid prolonged exposure to strong bases unless salt formation is intended.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific directions:

• Storage Conditions: Store at −20°C (per product data).
• Shipped In: Ice chest + ice pads (per product data).
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General reconstitution/handling (small‑molecule acids):

• Solubility strategy: Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to prepare 10–50 mM stocks. If needed, warm gently (≤40°C) and vortex/sonicate briefly. Avoid prolonged heating.
• Aliquoting: Dispense single‑use aliquots in low‑bind tubes to minimize freeze–thaw. Protect from moisture; purge headspace with inert gas if long‑term storage is planned.
• Freeze–thaw: Minimize cycles. Thaw at RT, mix to homogeneity, and promptly return unused material to −20°C.
• Aqueous use: For working solutions, dilute DMSO stock into buffered media to a final DMSO fraction of 0.1–1% v/v. Inspect for precipitation; filter through 0.2 µm (PTFE or PES) if necessary.
• Light and humidity: Store in a tightly closed, preferably amber container. Allow vial to equilibrate to RT in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation.

Specifications not provided for this item:

• Exact solubility limits, stability in solution, and water content. Refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and validate under your laboratory conditions.

Structure and Identity

• Product Name: ETC-1002 (commonly known in the literature as bempedoic acid)
• CAS: 738606-46-7 (literature)
• CID: 10472693 (literature)
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Catalog provides: "134229", which is not a standard InChIKey format.)
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general, literature-based):

• ETC-1002 is reported in the literature as a small-molecule carboxylic acid used in biochemical research on lipid metabolism. It is converted intracellularly to a CoA thioester in biological studies.
• Functional group profile (literature): contains at least one carboxylic acid moiety; additional aliphatic features typical of fatty‑acid mimetics have been described.

2D structural description (general):

• The scaffold is described in the literature as an aliphatic, carboxylate-bearing framework designed to engage fatty‑acid–utilizing enzymes. Precise atom connectivity and stereochemistry are not provided in this product data and should be confirmed from primary structural references or the CoA.

Notes

• For definitive structural identifiers (SMILES, InChI, exact formula), consult the specific CoA/Spec Sheet associated with SKU E413887.

Synthetic Utility

General synthetic context (applicable to carboxylic acid small molecules; literature-based):

• Functional handles: Carboxylic acid moiety enables amide coupling, esterification, and generation of activated esters (e.g., NHS esters) for conjugation to probes, linkers, or affinity tags.
• Derivatization: Formation of acyl chlorides (e.g., oxalyl chloride, SOCl2) or mixed anhydrides facilitates coupling to sterically hindered amines or alcohols; in situ uronium reagents (HATU, HBTU, TBTU) in DMF/DIPEA often provide high coupling efficiency.
• Probes: Conversion to photoaffinity, biotinylated, or fluorophore-tagged analogs via short linkers can support chemoproteomics and target ID; retain core scaffold while tuning polarity to preserve binding.
• Salt formation: Alkali metal salts can enhance solubility for certain transformations and purifications.

Strategic value:

• As a pathway tool compound, analog elaboration (bioisosteres of the acid, isotopic labels) supports SAR and PK/PD explorations in research. Maintain control samples of the parent compound for benchmarking.

Caveats:

• Avoid over‑activation that risks racemization or rearrangement if stereocenters are present in the scaffold (confirm for your target structure via CoA/literature).
• Monitor for acyl migration or lactonization if internal nucleophiles are present; employ mild conditions and appropriate bases.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target data (antibodies, enzymes, clone/isotype, species reactivity, etc.) are not provided for this SKU.

• Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General note (context only): In literature, ETC‑1002 is studied in the context of lipid metabolism enzymes (e.g., ACLY). No target-binding specifications are provided for this catalog listing.