Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical treatment technology jointly driven by photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength, and molecular oxygen. After photosensitizers accumulate in target cells or diseased tissues, they are activated by light irradiation to generate singlet oxygen, ...
Identification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in liver tissue should not rely on a single staining result. HE staining can indicate the pathological background of chronic hepatitis, interface hepatitis, hepatocyte degeneration, fibrosis, and “ground-glass hepatocytes,” but it cannot directly ...
Simulated lung fluid can be used to simulate, in vitro, the process by which particulate matter enters the lungs and comes into contact with lung tissue fluid. It can be used to evaluate the proportion of target contaminants released from particulate chemicals emitted by consumer products into a ...
Elastic fiber staining is used to visualize elastic fiber structures in the vascular wall, lung tissue, skin, ligaments, and connective tissue. It is a commonly used histochemical method for evaluating arteriosclerosis, aneurysm, emphysema, elastic fiber rupture, elastotic degeneration of skin, ...
Purine metabolism disorders and hyperuricemia research are mainly used to analyze increased uric acid production, reduced uric acid excretion, changes in xanthine oxidoreductase activity, and inflammatory responses induced by urate crystals. Experimental design should distinguish purine ...
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment not only supports tissue structure, but also continuously regulates immune cell infiltration, migration, activation, and effector functions through matrix deposition, crosslinking, degradation, and spatial reorganization. ECM ...
Glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes determine the key nodes from glucose uptake and flux commitment to pyruvate formation. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase respectively control early substrate trapping, irreversible mid-pathway flux commitment, and terminal ATP generation in ...
Tannic acid–brushite in situ composite bone cement is a degradable calcium phosphate bone repair material in which polyphenolic molecules are introduced into the setting process of brushite bone cement, allowing tannic acid to participate simultaneously in crystal formation, particle bridging, ...
β-Hydroxybutyrate is one of the predominant ketone body forms in blood and tissues. It is commonly used to evaluate enhanced fatty acid oxidation, hepatic ketogenesis, starvation or fasting status, diabetic ketosis, exercise metabolism, and mitochondrial energy conversion. Compared with ...
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