Colorimetric means the reaction generates a colored product. You can judge color intensity by eye, or quantify it by measuring absorbance (OD, optical density) with an instrument. In general, deeper color indicates more colored product formed → a stronger target signal (within an appropriate ...
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a method in which a growing peptide chain is covalently “tethered” to insoluble resin beads, and the synthesis proceeds through repeated cycles of “deprotection → coupling one amino acid → washing.” Because the peptide remains attached to the ...
Nucleoside = “base + sugar” (the sugar can be ribose or 2′-deoxyribose). The IUPAC definition of a nucleoside is: a ribose or deoxyribose derivative of certain purine or pyrimidine bases.
ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) is a vapor-phase thin-film deposition method. It works by alternately introducing precursor A and co-reactant B in sequence, where each step proceeds via a surface self-limiting (self-saturating) reaction. As a result, the film grows in cycles, enabling ...
Abscisic acid (Abscisic Acid, ABA) is a class of plant hormones characterized by a sesquiterpenoid (C15) backbone and is broadly involved in regulating growth, development, and stress responses in higher plants.
Betaine , also known as N,N,N-trimethylglycine, is a quaternary ammonium small molecule named after its first isolation from sugar beet. The molecule contains both a quaternary ammonium cationic center and a carboxylate anionic center, giving an overall zwitterionic (inner-salt) structure. This ...
Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Enriched with highly polar functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups, it exhibits good water solubility and strong solvation capacity, and can interact with key structural domains of the ribosomal translation machinery, thereby inhibiting ...
Graphite, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are often collectively referred to as “graphene-related materials.” But they are not different names for the same thing. Differences in structural integrity (whether the continuous sp² network is interrupted), ...
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones synthesized in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol, produced mainly in the zona fasciculata. In humans, the predominant endogenous glucocorticoid is cortisol (with corticosterone usually lower), whereas in rats/mice corticosterone is the main ...
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