lithium- ion batteries are being widely used in power fields such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage power stations [1-3]. With the transformation of the energy structure and the upgrading of large electrical equipment, lithium-ion batteries have ...
The formation of mutations and the development of cancer both involve damage to a cell's DNA. DNA in human cells is damaged thousands to millions of times a day by both external (exogenous) and internal metabolism (endogenous). Changes in a cell's genome can lead to errors in the transcription ...
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. The clinical manifestations are extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles that lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. At the heart of the disease is differential processing ...
Sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides are organic compounds containing sulfonyl groups , which are rich in chemical reactivity and diverse chemical structures and are therefore widely used in synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry, among other fields.
The Fries rearrangement reaction is the synthesis of o- or para-acyl phenols from phenolic esters catalyzed by Lewis or Brønsted acids (e.g., HF, AlCl3, BF3, TiCl4, or SnCl4).The Fries rearrangement reaction was first reported by the German chemist Karl Theophil Fries, after whom it was named, ...
The Wolff-Kishner reduction was independently discovered by the Russian chemist Nikolai Kishner in 1911 and the German chemist Ludwig Wolff in 1912.
In the Wolff-Kishner reduction, an aldehyde or ketone undergoes a reduction to form an alkane. Specifically, this reaction converts a carbonyl ...
Magnetic nanoparticles are nanomaterials composed of magnetic elements (such as iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, and gadolinium) and their compounds. Magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic because of their nanoscale size, offering great potential in a wide variety of ...
Cell culture is hard work. Because this is a highly technical process, when you take cells from one source and manipulate them in another condition, there can be a lot of problems, such as contamination from the outside, or a very slow growth rate.
As a powerful tool in bioanalysis, immunoassays rely on specific reactions between antigens and selective antibodies and use different labels such as radioisotopes, enzymes, and fluorophores for signal development. In recent years, nanomaterials are increasingly replacing these molecular tags ...
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