This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkyl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one alkyl group, and a phenyl group.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
Not applicable to this product type.
No validated immunoassay protocols (WB, IHC, IF, FC) or similar biological reagent instructions apply to a small-molecule compound listing.
General handling for small-molecule assay stocks (literature/general)
Prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 10–50 mM) in DMSO or dilute HCl. Filter through 0.22 μm PTFE/nylon if particulate is observed.
For cell-based assays, add stock to media to achieve desired final concentration while keeping DMSO ≤0.5–1% v/v.
Include vehicle controls and, where available, reference standards to benchmark responses.
Record exact salt form and molecular weight from the CoA to correctly calculate molar concentrations.
Biological Roles
Literature/general context (no medical or clinical claims)
Mechanistic class: Lenperone is reported in the literature as a member of the butyrophenone/arylpiperidine family historically explored as ligands at central nervous system targets, including dopaminergic receptors. The hydrochloride form is commonly used for in vitro studies where aqueous handling is advantageous.
Use in research: As a well-characterized small molecule, it may serve as a reference tool in receptor-binding assays, competition studies, or transporter interaction panels, enabling benchmarking of potency and selectivity trends across related scaffolds.
ADME-relevant features (general): Contains a basic nitrogen (protonated in physiological media), an aryl ketone, and lipophilic aromatic rings. These features often translate to moderate-to-high plasma protein binding and pH-dependent permeability/logD (general observations for the class, not item-specific data).
Off-target considerations: Arylpiperidine butyrophenones can display polypharmacology across aminergic GPCRs at higher concentrations; careful concentration–response profiling and orthogonal assays are recommended to establish specificity (general guidance).
Important notes
All uses are for research only. Any discussion of targets reflects general literature on the scaffold class and does not imply suitability for therapeutic use.
For definitive target-binding parameters (Ki, IC50) of Lenperone specifically, consult primary literature or internal assay data; such values are not specified for this catalog item.
Buffer Applications
Scope
Lenperone Hydrochloride is not a buffering agent and does not define a classical buffer system.
Practical notes for assay buffers (literature/general)
Stock preparation: Prepare concentrated stocks in DMSO or dilute acid, then add to the assay buffer (e.g., PBS, HEPES, Tris) with thorough mixing. Keep final organic cosolvent low (≤0.5–1% v/v) to avoid perturbing biological systems.
pH considerations: Because the compound is a basic amine in its hydrochloride form, it can slightly acidify unbuffered solutions upon dissolution. Use a well-buffered medium to maintain pH.
Solubility troubleshooting: If precipitation occurs upon dilution, increase buffer ionic strength or add a minimal amount of cosolvent (DMSO/EtOH) and ensure pH remains mildly acidic or neutral.
Recipes and ranges
No specific buffer recipes apply to this compound. Select buffer based on the biological target/system (e.g., 10–50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4; 1× PBS), ensuring compatibility with your assay readout.
Green Alternatives
Context (literature/general)
Dissolution vehicle choices can meaningfully impact EHS profiles in screening and prep. While DMSO is ubiquitous, greener alternatives may be considered depending on solubility and assay compatibility.
Comparison (general guidance; not item-specific)
DMSO: Benchmark solvent for small-molecule stocks. Pros—high solvency, low volatility; Cons—sulfur odor, potential biological interference in some assays, problematic waste classification in some regions.
Water/acidified water (e.g., 0.01–0.1 M HCl): Greenest option when solubility and stability permit. Pros—nonflammable, benign; Cons—pH constraints, possible precipitation upon dilution into basic media.
Ethanol (EtOH) or 2-propanol (IPA): Renewable-source options increasingly available. Pros—lower toxicity than many organics; Cons—flammable, can perturb biological membranes.
Minimize organic cosolvent fractions in biological assays.
Use small-volume, on-demand stock preparation to reduce waste and degradation.
Evaluate 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) or Cyrene for extraction/processing steps if converting between salt/free base, recognizing that these are usually less relevant to day-to-day assay stocks than DMSO/water.
Trade-offs
Greener solvents may reduce hazard and waste cost but can limit solubility or alter assay readouts. Validate performance side-by-side with DMSO.
Pharmaceutical Uses
Scope and limitations
This product is supplied strictly for research use only. No therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical use is intended or implied.
Reference standard: Small-molecule hydrochloride salts are frequently used as qualitative/quantitative reference materials in analytical method development (HPLC/UPLC, LC–MS) and stability studies.
Salt form rationale: The hydrochloride confers improved aqueous solubility and crystallinity relative to the free base, facilitating handling, weighing, and reproducible dosing in pre-formulation research.
Excipients/compatibility: For nonclinical formulation screening, typical vehicles include aqueous buffers (pH 2–5), simple cosolvent systems (e.g., water:PEG 400:propylene glycol), and cyclodextrin complexes — selected empirically to balance solubility and stability (general practice).
Solid-state work: Researchers may examine polymorphism or hydrate formation for hydrochloride salts as part of developability assessment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), PXRD, and moisture sorption analysis are standard tools.
Regulatory note
No pharmacopeial monograph or compendial status is provided for this item. Any GMP or clinical-development uses would require separate qualification and are outside the scope of this catalog listing.
Physical Properties
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general values and expectations (for context; not item-specific specifications)
Melting point: Hydrochloride salts of arylpiperidine amines typically exhibit elevated melting points and are crystalline solids (literature, qualitative).
Boiling point: Not typically applicable to hydrochloride salts (they decompose before boiling under ambient pressure) (literature, general).
Solubility: Amine hydrochlorides are generally freely soluble in water and polar protic media; solubility often increases under acidic conditions and decreases in basic media (literature, general). DMSO commonly affords high solubility for small-molecule HCl salts used in screening.
LogP/logD: For tertiary amine free bases in the butyrophenone class, cation formation (HCl salt) substantially lowers apparent logD in aqueous media relative to the neutral free base (literature, general).
pKa: Tertiary arylpiperidine nitrogens commonly have conjugate acid pKa values in the 8–10 range (literature, general). Exact pKa for Lenperone is not provided here and should be confirmed from primary references if needed.
Refractive index, density, UV cutoff, water/peroxide/metal content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Practical implications
Expect hygroscopicity to be modest to moderate for amine HCl salts; avoid prolonged exposure to ambient humidity. Verify exact behavior for this item on receipt.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/Additives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance (literature/general)
Research-use grade: Suitable for discovery research, screening libraries, and non-clinical laboratory applications. Not intended for human or veterinary use.
Purity considerations: For bioassay use, customers often require ≥95% purity by HPLC with defined identity (NMR/HRMS) and residual solvent limits. If LC-UV work is intended, low-UV-absorbing impurities and baseline cleanliness are important; verify by CoA chromatograms.
Counterion identity and stoichiometry: Hydrochloride salts can exist as mono- or di-HCl depending on basic sites. The exact stoichiometry impacts assay concentrations (mg/mL to mM conversions) and should be checked on the Spec Sheet/CoA.
Residual solvents/water: Hygroscopic salts may contain variable hydrate levels or residual solvents from crystallization. Moisture content (Karl Fischer) and residual solvent data, if critical to your application, should be requested from the CoA.
What to verify upon receipt
Identity (1H NMR/MS), purity (HPLC/UPLC), water content (KF) if assay-critical, and salt stoichiometry. For quantitative work, standardize by assay (wt%) to correct for counterion/water content.
Reaction and Applications
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Category: Small molecules and compound libraries (research use only).
Research applications (literature/general; not item-specific claims)
Chemical biology/assay use: Often employed as a reference ligand/chemical probe candidate in receptor-binding or transporter-inhibition studies in vitro. Suitable for high-throughput screening control material, SAR benchmarking, or as a spike-in standard for LC–MS method development.
Analytical use: Hydrochloride salts are convenient for preparing accurately dosed aqueous standards; the defined counterion aids in consistent mass-balance calculations.
As a synthetic substrate/reagent
Lenperone Hydrochloride is not typically used as a general-purpose reagent. However, the free base (obtained by neutralization) contains a tertiary amine and a ketone (butyrophenone motif), enabling derivatizations such as amide/urea formation on the amine (quaternization, acylation) and carbonyl transformations (oxime/hydrazone formation, reductive amination) — all noted as general transformations for this scaffold class (literature).
Practical tips
For bioassays, prepare concentrated DMSO stocks, then dilute into buffer, maintaining final DMSO ≤0.5–1% v/v.
Use amber vials if photolability is suspected; many arylketones are modestly photosensitive (general).
Verify salt stoichiometry to correctly convert mg to μmol in dose–response studies.
Reaction Conditions
Item-specific data
No reaction-condition specifications are provided for this catalog item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for any available details.
General laboratory conditions relevant to this scaffold/class (literature/general)
Salt to free base: Dissolve the HCl salt in water, adjust to pH 9–11 with NaHCO3/Na2CO3, extract with CH2Cl2 or EtOAc, dry (Na2SO4), and concentrate under reduced pressure. Typical recoveries are high when the free base is sufficiently lipophilic.
Re-salting to HCl: Dissolve the free base in anhydrous ether or i-PrOH and bubble dry HCl gas or add 2–4 M HCl in dioxane/ether at 0–25°C. Crystallization often occurs on addition; isolate and dry under vacuum.
Carbonyl derivatization: Oxime formation with hydroxylamine·HCl (base, e.g., pyridine) in EtOH/MeOH, 0–25°C, 2–16 h; hydrazone formation with hydrazines under similar conditions (literature precedents for aryl ketones).
Reductive amination: Condense with amines in the presence of NaBH3CN or H2/Pd in MeOH/EtOH at pH 5–6 (AcOH buffer) to introduce side-chain amines (general conditions).
Stability notes
Avoid strong base/heat combinations that can cause elimination or amide formation side reactions on sensitive arylketones (general caution).
Protect from prolonged UV exposure if the aryl ketone shows photoreactivity (general for benzophenone-like systems).
These conditions are illustrative and should be optimized for the exact structure of Lenperone.
Safety and Handling
Item-specific (from Product Data)
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Hazard (H-) statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Storage conditions: Room temperature (per Product Data).
General laboratory safety guidance (literature/general; not a substitute for SDS)
Likely hazards: Small-molecule amine hydrochlorides may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Handle as a potentially harmful substance.
PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use in a fume hood to minimize inhalation exposure when weighing powders or preparing solutions.
Handling: Avoid dust generation. Use antistatic practices when weighing. Keep container tightly closed. Prevent contact with strong bases (which can liberate the free base) and strong oxidizers.
Incompatibilities: Strong bases (can deprotonate the salt), strong oxidizing agents, and reactive acylating/alkylating agents.
First aid (overview): If on skin/eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention according to SDS guidance.
Spills: Avoid raising dust; collect with inert absorbent and dispose per institutional protocol.
Always consult the current Aladdin Scientific SDS for Lenperone Hydrochloride for definitive hazard and response information.
Solvent Selection
Context for this compound type (literature/general)
Polarity/ionization: As an amine hydrochloride, Lenperone Hydrochloride is expected to be cationic in neutral water, favoring dissolution in water, aqueous buffers (slightly acidic), methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. Solubility in nonpolar solvents (e.g., hexanes, toluene) is typically poor.
Common stock-solution solvents: DMSO (screening stocks 10–50 mM), water or aqueous acid (e.g., 0.1 M HCl), methanol. For cell-free biochemical assays, DMSO or water are standard; for cellular assays, final DMSO is typically kept ≤0.5–1% v/v (general practice).
pH effects: Solubility increases under acidic conditions (protonated form) and decreases upon basification (free base precipitation possible). If free base is desired, basify an aqueous solution and extract into an organic solvent (see Reaction Conditions tab for general guidance).
When to choose alternatives
For NMR: DMSO-d6, CD3OD, or D2O (with a drop of DCl if needed to improve solubility). CDCl3 is often unsuitable for hydrochloride salts without prior basification.
For purification/recrystallization: Alcohols (EtOH/i-PrOH) and alcohol–ether or alcohol–ester mixtures are commonly used for amine HCl salts; optimization is empirical.
Water (slightly acidic): biocompatible; cons—limited stability for some scaffolds at high pH; check stability.
Methanol/Ethanol: good solubility; cons—flammability and possible assay interference at higher percentages.
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Storage conditions: Room temperature.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance (literature/general)
Container: Store tightly capped in an amber glass vial or HDPE container to limit moisture uptake and light exposure. Consider desiccant storage if ambient humidity is high.
Stability: Hydrochloride salts of tertiary amines are typically stable at room temperature when dry and protected from light. Avoid extended exposure to high humidity.
Reconstitution
Solvents: DMSO, water (optionally acidified, e.g., 0.01–0.1 M HCl), or methanol are common. Start with a small test to confirm solubility.
Procedure: Bring vial to room temperature before opening. Weigh quickly to minimize moisture uptake. Dissolve to prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 10–50 mM in DMSO). For aqueous stocks, adjust pH as needed to maintain solubility. If sterility is required, sterile-filter (0.22 μm) into aliquots.
Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to minimize freeze–thaw and headspace moisture cycling.
Freeze–thaw guidance
If frozen stocks are prepared (e.g., in DMSO at −20°C), avoid repeated thaw–refreeze cycles. Thaw at room temperature, mix gently, and use promptly.
Always consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for item-specific details (appearance, purity, exact molecular weight, and any stabilizers) before experimental work.
Structure and Identity
Item-specific (from Product Data)
SKU: L992814
Product name: Lenperone Hydrochloride
CAS: 24677-86-9
InChIKey: 34748 (format as provided in catalog)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general description (for context; not item-specific)
Structural class: Reported in the literature as a member of the butyrophenone/arylpiperidine family (analogous scaffold class to several dopaminergic receptor ligands). As a hydrochloride, it is the protonated amine salt paired with chloride.
Functional groups/features (typical for this class): a ketone (butyrophenone), a tertiary amine embedded in a saturated heterocycle (commonly piperidine), and aryl rings that may bear halogen substituents. The HCl form contains one or more protonated nitrogen centers balanced by Cl−.
2D structural description (general): an aryl–(CH2)3–CO– linkage (butyrophenone motif) tethered to a dialkylated/heterocyclic tertiary amine; the hydrochloride salt converts the free base to an ammonium chloride.
Notes
Exact atom connectivity, stereochemistry (if any), and salt stoichiometry for this specific catalog item should be confirmed on the CoA/Spec Sheet.
Synthetic Utility
General considerations (literature/general; this compound is primarily a research probe/standard, not a common reagent)
Transformable motifs: The scaffold typically features a tertiary amine (salted as HCl) and an aryl ketone (butyrophenone). These enable diverse derivatizations for SAR exploration:
Carbonyl chemistry: oxime/hydrazone formation, O-/N-alkyl oxime ethers, Wolff–Kishner/Clemmensen-type reductions (with caution), and reductive amination to introduce amine substituents alpha to the carbonyl.
Amine chemistry: quaternization (alkyl halides), acylation (acid chlorides/anhydrides), carbamoylation/urea formation (isocyanates), and sulfonylation (sulfonyl chlorides) once in the free-base form.
Cross-coupling not typically on this core unless aryl halides are present; any aryl substituents would dictate feasibility (scaffold-dependent, literature).
Salt/base interconversion: The HCl salt can be converted to the free base by basifying aqueous solutions (e.g., NaHCO3/Na2CO3) and extracting into an organic solvent. Re-salting with HCl in ether/alcohol affords the hydrochloride.
Use cases
Preparation of labeled analogs (e.g., deuterated or 13C-enriched) for LC–MS internal standards.
Prodrug or solubilizing derivatives (e.g., quaternary ammonium salts) for mechanistic studies.
Note: Exact functionalization options depend on the precise substitution pattern of Lenperone; consult primary structural data before planning synthesis.
Target Specificity
Not applicable to this product type.
This listing is a small-molecule research compound, not an antibody or biological affinity reagent. No clone, isotype, species reactivity, or antigen information applies.
Any discussion of molecular targets for Lenperone in the literature (e.g., aminergic GPCRs) reflects general scaffold context and should be verified in your own assays for this item.
Perguntas frequentes
How should this product be stored?
Store at room temperature.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 24677-86-9. InChIKey BUPKTBMYUMORNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
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