This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
Tested/validated applications for this specific item are not provided in the Product Data.
Item-specific recommendations:
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance for handling small-molecule library compounds (non-item-specific, not a substitute for SOPs):
Stock preparation: Dissolve in DMSO or ethanol to prepare concentrated stocks (e.g., 10 mM). Vortex and sonicate briefly if needed. Filter if particulate persists and the membrane is compatible.
Plate handling: Aliquot stocks into 96/384-well plates to minimize freeze–thaw cycles. Seal plates with solvent-resistant films; store per stability guidance.
Dilution into assays: Use multichannel or acoustic dispensing to ensure accuracy at low volumes. Maintain constant cosolvent and include vehicle controls.
Documentation: Record lot number, stock concentration, preparation date, and storage history in ELN/LIMS.
For any specific protocol requirements (WB, IHC, IF, FC, enzymatic assays), follow your internal validated SOPs and method development practices. This listing does not provide item-specific application parameters.
Biological Roles
Item-specific biological function or mechanism of action is not provided in this product entry. No biological claims are made for this compound.
General notes for small-molecule library members (non-clinical, non-therapeutic):
Use is restricted to research applications. If assayed in vitro or in cell systems, treat as a compound of unknown bioactivity and toxicity unless confirmed by primary data in your lab.
For biochemical and cellular assays, establish a concentration–response curve across an appropriate range (e.g., 8–12 points, half-log spacing) and include vehicle controls matching the final cosolvent.
Evaluate compound stability in assay media (e.g., 37°C, presence of serum) to account for adsorption, precipitation, or degradation that can confound readouts.
If chirality is relevant (name suggests an enantiomer), be aware that enantiomers can display distinct binding and ADME profiles; avoid extrapolating data between stereoisomers without evidence.
Source and scope:
No target specificity, pathway involvement, or biological role is stated in the Product Data. Consult your internal databases or primary literature after confirming the exact structure/identity from the CoA/SDS. All work should comply with institutional safety and ethical guidelines.
Buffer Applications
Not typically applicable. Levoxadrol is a small organic compound and not a buffering agent.
Guidance for lab use (general):
When dissolving small molecules for biological assays, use established buffer systems (e.g., PBS, HEPES, TRIS) chosen for compatibility with your assay. Maintain constant pH, ionic strength, and cosolvent percentage across control and treatment groups.
To prevent precipitation on dilution, pre-equilibrate compound solutions to the same temperature as the buffer and add slowly with mixing. Consider preparing intermediate dilutions in buffer containing 10–20% of the stock solvent (e.g., DMSO or ethanol) before final dilution.
Document final buffer composition, pH, and cosolvent in your ELN/LIMS. Filter sterilize only if required by the application and compatible with the compound and membrane material.
Item-specific buffer capacity, pKa, and pH ranges: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if provided.
Green Alternatives
Context: This item is a small-molecule library compound, not a process solvent or common reagent. Green chemistry considerations therefore focus on solvent choice for handling and on waste minimization during screening and analytics.
Greener handling strategies (general):
Prefer water or aqueous buffers whenever feasible. If organic cosolvent is required, start with ethanol or isopropanol before moving to DMSO, ACN, or DMF, balancing solubility with assay tolerance.
Minimize solvent volumes through high-concentration stock solutions and microplate formats; aliquot to reduce discard of aged solutions.
Choose lower-toxicity, biodegradable surfactants if wetting aids are necessary.
Consolidate waste streams and segregate halogenated from non-halogenated organics to enable appropriate downstream treatment.
Illustrative comparison (general; not item-specific):
DMSO vs. Ethanol for stock prep:
DMSO: superior solubilizer; higher boiling point complicates recovery; typically acceptable at ≤0.5–1% v/v in bioassays.
Ethanol: renewable and lower toxicity; narrower solubility window; often tolerated at similar or slightly higher assay percentages.
ACN/DMF vs. MeOH/IPA:
ACN/DMF: strong eluents/solubilizers but higher EHS burden.
MeOH/IPA: greener alternatives when compatible with target solubility and method.
Documentation:
Capture solvent choices and volumes in your ELN to quantify improvements. Where applicable, apply solvent selection guides (e.g., CHEM21) to method development.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No excipient role, dosage-form application, or pharmacopeial status is provided for this item. This product is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use.
General considerations for formulation research (non-clinical, not specific to this item):
If evaluating preformulation properties, characterize solubility across pH, intrinsic dissolution rate, and solid-state form (PXRD/DSC). Establish stability indicating methods for degradation tracking.
For in vitro studies, DMSO or ethanol stock solutions are commonly used; ensure final solvent content stays within accepted thresholds for the biological system under study.
If chirality is relevant (suggested by the name), assess enantiomeric purity and potential racemization under formulation conditions.
Regulatory note:
No compendial monograph or GMP status is implied. Do not use in manufacturing or clinical settings. All handling should follow institutional policies for research chemicals.
Item-specific pharmaceutical attributes (e.g., excipient function, GMP grade, residual solvent limits): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Physical Properties
Item-specific specifications:
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility profile: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General laboratory guidance (not item-specific):
For small-molecule screening compounds with unknown solubility, begin solubilization trials with high-permittivity, polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO) at 10–50 mg/mL to generate master stocks, then dilute into assay buffers with appropriate cosolvent limits (commonly 0.1–1% v/v DMSO in final wells).
If the solid is crystalline and poorly wetting, brief sonication and incremental addition of solvent can aid dissolution. Avoid prolonged heating unless thermal stability is documented on the CoA.
Always verify hygroscopicity and polymorph information on the CoA; these can influence apparent melting behavior and solubility.
Source notes:
No literature or computed values are provided here due to absent structural data in the listing. For authoritative specifications, defer to the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific information:
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Interpretation and guidance:
In small-molecule libraries, materials are commonly supplied at research grade with assay or HPLC purity reported on the CoA (e.g., ≥95% area by HPLC/UPLC). Absent an explicit grade on this page, rely on the batch-specific CoA for acceptance criteria, impurity profile, water content, and residual solvents.
If the product is chiral (name suggests an enantiomerically defined compound), the CoA should state enantiomeric excess (ee or er) and the analytical method (e.g., chiral HPLC). Confirm this before stereosensitive applications.
Stabilizers/inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If none are listed, assume neat compound and plan storage to minimize degradation (light, air, moisture) per SDS guidance.
For analytical use (e.g., LC-MS reference), low non-volatile residue and accurate assay are important. If UV transparency or trace metal limits are critical to your workflow, verify on the CoA; they are not specified here.
Best practices:
On receipt, record lot number and retain CoA. If employing in quantitative biology/chemistry, verify identity (e.g., 1H NMR, LC-MS) and purity in-house as needed.
For plate-based screening, consider an incoming QC spot-check (solubility at desired stock concentration; LC-MS for identity) to ensure fitness for use.
Reaction and Applications
Reactivity-based applications: Not typically applicable. This product is listed within a small-molecule/compound library category and is intended for research screening and discovery workflows rather than as a synthetic reagent.
Practical research applications (general guidance):
Assay screening: Prepare concentrated DMSO or alcohol stock solutions (e.g., 10 mM) and perform serial dilutions into assay buffer, maintaining consistent final co-solvent across wells.
Analytical reference: Use as a qualitative standard or retention-time marker after identity is verified. Prepare LC-MS compatible solutions (e.g., 50–80% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid) as appropriate to your method.
Physicochemical profiling: If structure is confirmed, determine solubility, logD, and stability in relevant media to support SAR or hit validation.
Operational tips:
Avoid repeated freeze–thaw of stock solutions; aliquot upon first dissolution. Track solution age and storage conditions in ELN/LIMS.
If the compound is chiral, ensure that solutions and plates are labeled with stereochemical information and lot number to avoid mix-ups during screening.
Note: Without structural data, specific reaction families (e.g., cross-coupling, condensation) are not discussed for this item to avoid overreach. If you intend to apply the compound as a building block, first confirm functional groups and stability via CoA and exploratory analytics.
Reaction Conditions
Not applicable in the conventional sense: Levoxadrol is offered as a research compound, not as a reagent or catalyst for chemical transformations. No item-specific reaction conditions are provided.
If employing the compound in experimental workflows (general, non-item-specific):
Stock solution preparation: Common practice is 10 mM in DMSO or ethanol. Sonicate briefly to aid dissolution; avoid excessive heat unless stability is documented.
Working solutions: Prepare serial dilutions in compatible buffers, maintaining uniform final cosolvent (typically 0.1–1% v/v). Mix thoroughly to avoid precipitation.
Stability checks: Assess solution stability over time (e.g., 24–72 h at bench and refrigerated) by LC or LC-MS before critical studies.
Adsorption mitigation: Use low-bind plasticware or silanized glass if losses to surfaces are suspected; include carrier protein only if compatible with the assay.
Typical synthetic reaction parameters (solvents, catalysts, temperatures, yields) are intentionally omitted due to lack of structural information and because they are not pertinent to this item’s intended use. Refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any stability constraints that could influence handling.
Safety and Handling
Authoritative safety data are provided on the SDS. The following summarizes what is known from this listing and general best practices for small molecules.
From Product Data:
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word / H-statements / Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Storage conditions: Room temperature (from Product Data). Store tightly closed in a dry, well-ventilated area.
General laboratory precautions (not item-specific):
Personal protective equipment: lab coat, safety glasses, and suitable chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle in a fume hood to minimize inhalation of dust or vapors.
Avoid generating dust or aerosols. Do not ingest or inhale. Wash thoroughly after handling. Prevent contact with skin and eyes.
Incompatibilities: Until specific functional groups are confirmed, segregate from strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases. Avoid exposure to moisture if product is hygroscopic (check CoA).
First aid overview: In case of skin or eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If swallowed, rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Seek medical advice in all cases.
Spill response: Avoid raising dust. Sweep up with minimal agitation and collect for disposal. Decontaminate area with appropriate solvent compatible with the material and lab’s waste procedures.
Waste: Dispose of in accordance with institutional, local, and national regulations. Classify based on SDS hazard data once confirmed.
Solvent Selection
Applicability: Specific solubility data for this item are not provided. The following is a practical decision framework for dissolving small molecules of unknown polarity for screening or analytical work.
Recommended approach:
Primary solvent for master stocks: DMSO (high polarity, broad solubilizing power). Start at 10–50 mg/mL; sonicate or warm gently if needed.
Secondary options (if DMSO is unsuitable):
Polar protic: Ethanol or methanol for many drug-like compounds; easily co-miscible with water for buffer dilution.
Polar aprotic: Acetonitrile or DMF if higher polarity is required and DMSO is not desired; monitor assay compatibility.
Aqueous co-solvent systems: 5–40% v/v water-miscible organic (EtOH, MeOH, ACN, DMSO) in buffer, optionally with surfactants (0.01–0.1% Tween-20) where biologically compatible.
Insoluble/non-polar cases: Consider 2-propanol, t-BuOH, or minimal amounts of THF; confirm compatibility with plastics and assay components.
Practical tips:
Pre-wet the solid with a few drops of solvent before bringing to final volume to prevent clumping.
Filter sterilization (0.22 µm PTFE) if particulate-free solutions are needed; verify chemical compatibility of membranes.
Avoid exceeding final assay co-solvent limits (commonly 0.1–1% DMSO v/v). Prepare intermediate dilutions to minimize precipitation on dilution.
Comparative notes (general):
DMSO offers the broadest solubility but can affect biological assays at ≥0.5–1% v/v. Ethanol is often better tolerated biologically but provides narrower solubility coverage. ACN is excellent for LC but can denature proteins; use cautiously for bioassays.
Storage and Reconstitution
From Product Data:
Storage conditions: Room temperature. Keep container tightly closed in a dry, well-ventilated place. Protect from excessive heat and direct sunlight per standard good practice.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Reconstitution (general guidance; not item-specific):
Initial dissolution: Prepare a concentrated stock in DMSO or ethanol (commonly 10 mM). Add solvent incrementally while vortexing to avoid localized supersaturation.
Aqueous use: Dilute stocks into buffer with thorough mixing, keeping final organic cosolvent at or below your assay’s tolerated limit (often 0.1–1% v/v). If precipitation is observed, increase intermediate cosolvent percentage or reduce final concentration.
Filtration: If clarity is required, pass through a compatible 0.22 µm PTFE syringe filter. Verify no adsorption losses for low-concentration solutions.
Aliquoting and stability:
Prepare single-use aliquots on first dissolution to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Label with compound name, lot, solvent, concentration, and date.
Solid storage at RT is indicated; however, once in solution, many small molecules show improved stability when refrigerated (2–8°C) or frozen (−20 to −80°C). Determine solution stability empirically or consult SDS/CoA if available.
Expiration and QC:
No item-specific shelf-life is provided. Reassess identity and purity periodically (e.g., LC-MS) for critical experiments, especially after prolonged storage.
Structure and Identity
Brief overview: Levoxadrol is listed as a small-molecule library member. Detailed structural identifiers are not fully provided in this product record.
Product name: Levoxadrol (SKU: L1012657)
CAS: 4792-18-1 (from Product Data)
PubChem CID: 14208378 (from Product Data)
InChIKey: 120829 (from Product Data; note: this appears non-standard in length; verify on CoA/SDS)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general guidance, literature context):
The name "levoxadrol" suggests an enantiomerically defined, optically active small molecule (levorotatory isomer). This is a nomenclature observation only; confirm exact stereochemistry and configuration on the CoA.
Without a provided structure, detailed functional-group analysis (rings, heteroatoms, hydrogen-bond donors/acceptors) cannot be stated for this catalog entry.
2D structural description (applicability note):
A verbal 2D description requires the explicit structure, which is not present in the product data. Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or SDS for the definitive depiction and identifiers (IUPAC name, SMILES, InChI).
Synthetic Utility
This catalog entry is intended as a screening compound rather than a synthetic intermediate. Without a provided structure, meaningful discussion of functional-group transformations or named-reaction compatibility cannot be given for this specific item.
General guidance (non-item-specific):
If you intend to repurpose a library compound as a building block, first confirm its structure (1D/2D NMR, HRMS, and, if chiral, chiral HPLC). Identify reactive handles (e.g., halides, amines, alcohols, acids) and assess protecting-group needs.
Conduct small-scale test reactions to probe stability to acids/bases, redox conditions, and heat. Build a reactivity map before committing to route design.
For enantiomerically defined compounds, track stereochemical integrity. Use mild coupling methods (e.g., HATU/EDC for amide formation, or Mitsunobu/SN2 inversions when intended) and monitor for epimerization.
Item-specific reactivity, protecting-group compatibility, and stability windows: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet once the structure is confirmed.
Target Specificity
No target, pathway, or binding specificity is provided in the Product Data for this item.
Tested biological targets: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or internal assay results.
Species reactivity, selectivity metrics (IC50/Ki/EC50), or off-target panels: Not specified for this item; refer to your own study outcomes.
Note: If the compound is chiral (as the name suggests), enantiomer-dependent target engagement can vary substantially; do not infer target specificity without experimental evidence. All biological evaluations should be performed under appropriate research-use-only conditions.
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