PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2

Cat. No.: P1446185

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Visão geral

PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2 is a biochemical reagent.

Specifications

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Store at -20°C

Enviado em

Ice chest + Ice pads

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Application Protocols

Tested/validated application protocols, recommended dilutions, or assay conditions have not been provided for this SKU.

• For this item: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General note: Researchers commonly adapt literature protocols for PLGA–PEG materials to prepare nanoparticles (nanoprecipitation or emulsion–evaporation) or to perform end-group conjugations (NHS-ester coupling, EDC/NHS). Because performance is sensitive to polymer composition and molecular weight distribution—which are not specified here—conduct small-scale optimization and follow institutional SOPs.

Biological Roles

This entry is a synthetic polymeric material; it has no intrinsic biological activity claims. The notes below summarize general, literature-reported behavior of PLGA–PEG systems in biochemical environments; they are provided for research planning only.

• Biodegradation pathway (literature/general)
  • The PLGA block hydrolyzes via bulk or autocatalytic ester cleavage to yield lactic and glycolic acids, which may further metabolize through endogenous pathways in biological systems. Hydrolysis rate increases with higher glycolide content, lower Mn, higher temperature, and acidic/basic pH.
  • The PEG block is water-soluble and generally resistant to hydrolysis; its presence can modulate hydration and reduce non-specific adsorption via a hydrophilic corona.
• Interfacial behavior
  • Amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble into micelles or nanoparticles in aqueous media. The PEG shell imparts steric stabilization and reduced protein fouling (literature), while the terminal –NH2 can be used to attach targeting ligands, fluorophores, or other functional moieties for analytical studies.
• Enzymatic interactions
  • Polyester hydrolysis can be accelerated under certain enzymatic conditions (e.g., esterases, lipases), though the extent is formulation- and context-dependent.
• Cytocompatibility/toxicity
  • PLGA and PEG are widely studied for biocompatible materials in research settings. Actual cytocompatibility is formulation- and impurity-dependent; verify using appropriate in vitro assays for your application.
• Important: No medical, diagnostic, or therapeutic use is intended or implied. This product is for research use only.

Buffer Applications

This product is a hydrophobic–hydrophilic block copolymer, not a classical buffering agent. It does not form defined acid/base buffer systems with a target pH range. Accordingly:

• Buffering capacity: Not applicable.
• Practical note: While not a buffer, the polymer is often processed in buffered aqueous media during conjugation (to control –NH2 reactivity, typically near neutral to slightly basic pH) or during nanoprecipitation/emulsion steps (to maintain ionic strength). Select buffers that do not react with activated esters (e.g., avoid primary amine-containing buffers like Tris during NHS-ester coupling; use phosphate or HEPES instead).
• For any application requiring specific ionic conditions (e.g., colloidal stability screening), optimize salt concentration and pH empirically, as the polymer’s assembly behavior is formulation-dependent.

Green Alternatives

For processing PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2, solvent selection strongly influences environmental, health, and safety (EHS) impact. When feasible, replace chlorinated or high-toxicity aprotic solvents with greener options while maintaining performance.

• Greener processing choices (literature/general)
  • Replace CH2Cl2/CHCl3 with ethyl acetate or anisole/ethyl acetate blends for emulsion–evaporation; acetone and 2-MeTHF can also be effective for nanoprecipitation.
  • Prefer acetone or ethanol/acetone cosolvents over DMF/DMSO when coupling chemistry permits (activated esters reactive enough to proceed in less hazardous media).
  • Use water-rich antisolvent systems for nanoprecipitation to reduce solvent burden; employ low-toxicity surfactants (e.g., polysorbates) where appropriate.
• Example comparison (qualitative, literature)
  • CH2Cl2: Excellent solvency, rapid evaporation; high toxicity, ozone-depleting history; waste handling burdens.
  • Ethyl acetate: Good solvency for many PLGA–PEG systems; biodegradable, low toxicity; slightly slower evaporation; sometimes requires higher polymer concentration.
  • Acetone: Fully water-miscible; facilitates nanoprecipitation; flammable, readily recoverable by distillation.
  • 2-MeTHF: Bio-based, lower peroxide tendency than THF; variable solvency for high-Mn PLGA blocks—pilot tests recommended.
• Process intensification ideas
  • Solvent recovery via rotary evaporation with condensers and closed-loop capture.
  • Continuous nanoprecipitation (microfluidics) to minimize solvent volumes and improve reproducibility.
• Caveat: Performance depends on exact LA:GA ratio and Mn (not specified for this item); run small screens to validate greener substitutions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient grade, or regulatory classification is provided for this specific item. The following comments are general, literature-based notes on how PLGA–PEG materials are used in formulation research; they are not medical claims.

• Status for this SKU
  • Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Residual solvent and impurity profiles: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Typical roles in formulation research (general)
  • Matrix former for polymeric nanoparticles, implant coatings, and depot materials where controlled hydrolysis of PLGA modulates release of incorporated research actives.
  • Steric stabilizer and hydration layer via the PEG block, improving colloidal stability and dispersibility in aqueous media.
  • Conjugation handle: Terminal –NH2 enables attachment of analytical labels, affinity ligands, or other moieties to study targeting or biodistribution in preclinical laboratory models.
• Process considerations
  • Solvent selection impacts safety and residuals; greener choices (ethyl acetate, acetone) are preferred when performance permits.
  • Particle size and polydispersity are sensitive to polymer Mn, LA:GA ratio, and processing parameters; since these are not specified here, perform small-scale DOE to establish a design space.
• Important: For research use only. Not for use in humans or for manufacturing of clinical/therapeutic products without appropriate qualification and regulatory assessment.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications have not been provided for this SKU; values below are general/literature guidance for PLGA–PEG amine block copolymers of comparable sizes and should not be construed as product specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Typically an off-white to light tan solid, literature.)
• Molecular weight distribution (Đ): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility (literature/general)
  • Good solvency: HFIP, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, acetone, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, dioxane, ethyl acetate (often moderate), 2-MeTHF (case-dependent).
  • Aqueous media: Amphiphilic behavior; solubility/micellization depends on composition and concentration. PEG1k confers partial water compatibility; PLGA20k dominates hydrophobicity. Often dispersible as micelles or nanoparticles using cosolvents/surfactants.
• Thermal behavior (literature/general)
  • Glass transition, Tg (PLGA block): typically ~35–60 °C depending on lactide:glycolide ratio and end groups.
  • PEG1k melting transition: weak/low crystallinity; PEG1k Tm ~30–40 °C (literature) but suppressed in block copolymers.
  • No true boiling point; polymer decomposes upon heating.
• Density (literature): PLGA ~1.25–1.30 g/mL; PEG ~1.13 g/mL; block copolymer falls between, composition-dependent.
• pKa/logP: Not applicable as a polymer; terminal –NH2 behaves as a primary aliphatic amine (pKaH ~9–10, literature) but overall polymer ionization is dominated by end-group.
• Refractive index/UV cutoff/metal content/water/peroxide levels: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Supplied grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Polymer composition metrics typically reported for PLGA–PEG–NH2 (general guidance; check the CoA for this SKU):
  • Number-average molecular weights (Mn) of each block (here denoted ~20 kDa PLGA and ~1 kDa PEG by name convention), weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Đ = Mw/Mn) by GPC/SEC.
  • Lactide:glycolide (LA:GA) molar ratio for PLGA segment by 1H NMR integration (not specified for this item).
  • End-group analysis: Confirmation of PEG terminal –NH2 via 1H NMR, FTIR (N–H stretch), TNBS or fluorescamine assay (amine content). Counterion/protonation state of –NH2 may be noted when applicable (not specified here).
  • Residual solvent(s), water content (Karl Fischer), and ash/metals (ICP) when relevant to application—Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Inherent viscosity or solution viscosity (e.g., in HFIP or CHCl3) as a process indicator—Not specified for this item.
• Practical implications
  • Tighter Đ improves batch-to-batch performance in nanoparticle size control and conjugation stoichiometry.
  • Known LA:GA ratio governs hydrolysis rate and Tg; absence of this parameter necessitates small-scale screening to tune processing (e.g., emulsification energy, solvent choice).
  • Terminal –NH2 enables post-functionalization; verify amine equivalent weight from CoA for accurate coupling stoichiometry.

Reaction and Applications

This amine-terminated PLGA–PEG block copolymer serves both as a functionalizable macromolecular scaffold and as an amphiphilic material for self-assembly and encapsulation.

• Conjugation/derivatization via terminal –NH2 (literature/general)
  • N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters and p-nitrophenyl carbonates: Efficient formation of stable amide or carbamate linkages on small molecules, dyes, or surface-activated substrates.
  • Carbodiimide coupling (EDC/NHS) to carboxyl-bearing ligands or surfaces (in aqueous/DMF mixtures buffered near pH 7.5–8.5) to produce amide bonds.
  • Isocyanates/activated carbonates to install urethane/carbonate linkages; maleimide installation for subsequent thiol conjugation.
  • Reductive amination with aldehydes (NaBH3CN/borane-pyridine) to yield secondary amine linkages on the PEG terminus.
• Materials/formulation uses (research context)
  • Formation of micelles, polymersomes, and nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation or emulsion methods; PLGA core provides hydrophobic cargo hosting; PEG corona imparts steric stabilization; terminal –NH2 enables post-assembly surface functionalization.
  • Film casting, coating, or 3D matrices where controlled hydrolysis to lactic/glycolic acids is desired (rate depends on LA:GA ratio and Mn; not specified for this item).
• Practical tips
  • Control moisture during conjugation to minimize hydrolysis of activated esters and PLGA backbone.
  • Quantify accessible –NH2 (e.g., TNBS/fluorescamine) to set stoichiometry.
  • For nanoparticle work, screen organic solvent, polymer concentration, and aqueous phase ionic strength/surfactant to tune size polydispersity.
• Note: All uses are for research and laboratory development only.

Reaction Conditions

General literature guidance for common transformations/utilizations of PLGA–PEG–NH2 (not product specifications):

• Amide formation with NHS esters
  • Solvent: Anhydrous DMF, DMSO, CH2Cl2, or mixed aqueous buffers (pH 7.5–8.5) if the acyl donor tolerates water.
  • Base: Tertiary amines (DIPEA, TEA) 1–2 eq vs. –NH2 in aprotic media; avoid primary/secondary amine buffers (e.g., Tris) which compete.
  • Temperature/time: 20–25 °C, 1–12 h; monitor by TNBS assay or NMR.
• EDC/NHS coupling to carboxylic acids
  • Medium: Aqueous phosphate/HEPES (pH ~6.0 for activation; adjust to 7.4–8.0 for coupling) or DMF/H2O mixtures.
  • Additives: NHS or sulfo-NHS to stabilize O-acylisourea; molar ratios 1.2–2.0 eq EDC and 1–2 eq NHS per –COOH are common.
  • Consideration: Minimize polymer residence at basic pH to limit PLGA hydrolysis.
• Reductive amination (install aldehyde-bearing ligands)
  • Solvent: Buffered aqueous/DMF; pH 6–7.
  • Reductant: NaBH3CN (care with handling) or picoline borane; 1–10 eq vs. imine.
  • Temperature: 20–25 °C; several hours to overnight.
• Nanoprecipitation for particle formation
  • Organic phase: Acetone, acetonitrile, or DMF with polymer at 1–10 mg/mL.
  • Aqueous antisolvent: Water or buffer with/without surfactant; add organic into aqueous under vigorous stirring; size decreases with lower polymer concentration and faster mixing.
• Emulsion–evaporation
  • Solvent: CH2Cl2/ethyl acetate; emulsify into aqueous surfactant (e.g., PVA) using sonication or high-shear; harden by solvent removal under reduced pressure.
• Always verify conditions with small-scale trials; adjust to composition (LA:GA, Mn) which are not specified for this item.

Safety and Handling

• GHS/CLP classification, signal word, hazard and precautionary statements, and pictograms: Not specified for this item; consult the SDS for authoritative safety information.
• General hazards (material science perspective)
  • Solid polymer; low volatility. Dust may cause mechanical irritation to eyes/respiratory tract—avoid dust generation.
  • Thermal decomposition can produce irritating fumes (e.g., acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, carbon oxides) typical of aliphatic polyesters/ethers.
• Incompatibilities and stability (general)
  • Avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases that can catalyze hydrolysis of ester linkages or react with the terminal –NH2.
  • Sensitive to moisture and heat over time; ester hydrolysis can occur in wet conditions, especially at elevated temperature or extremes of pH.
• Recommended PPE and practices
  • Wear lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle powders in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure to minimize inhalation of particulates.
  • Use dry, oxygen- and moisture-minimized techniques for long-term stability when preparing solutions or films. Protect solutions from prolonged exposure to heat and light.
• First-aid overview (general)
  • Eye/skin contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek attention if symptoms occur.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; obtain medical advice.
• Waste: Dispose in accordance with institutional, local, and national regulations for non-halogenated polymeric laboratory waste.

Solvent Selection

Choosing solvents for PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2 is driven by its amphiphilic nature: a hydrophobic PLGA block and a short hydrophilic PEG1k block with a terminal amine.

• Polarity/miscibility profile (literature/general)
  • Readily soluble: HFIP, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, dioxane, DMF, DMSO, acetone, acetonitrile; often soluble in ethyl acetate; 2-MeTHF can work depending on composition.
  • Limited direct water solubility; forms micelles/assemblies in water when introduced via cosolvent or emulsification. PEG1k improves dispersibility but PLGA20k remains dominant.
• Selection by application
  • Nanoprecipitation: Use a water-miscible organic phase (acetone, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO) for polymer dissolution; inject into aqueous phase under stirring to form nanoparticles/micelles. Adjust polymer concentration and addition rate to tune size.
  • Emulsion–solvent evaporation: Dissolve in a volatile, water-immiscible solvent (CH2Cl2, CHCl3, ethyl acetate); emulsify into aqueous surfactant; evaporate solvent to harden particles.
  • Conjugation via –NH2: Choose dry, aprotic solvents (DMF, DMSO, CH2Cl2) compatible with activated esters; maintain low water to limit side hydrolysis.
• Brief comparison (literature)
  • CH2Cl2/CHCl3: Excellent solvency/fast evaporation; poor EHS profile.
  • Ethyl acetate/acetone: Greener, lower toxicity; solvency can be formulation-dependent.
  • DMF/DMSO: High solvency and polarity; slow removal; good for coupling chemistry.
• Tip: Dry solvents and low moisture are beneficial to limit ester hydrolysis during processing.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage (item-specific)
  • Store at −20 °C (per product data). Keep container tightly closed. Protect from moisture and prolonged exposure to heat and light.
  • Shipped in ice chest with ice pads to maintain a low temperature chain.
• Handling recommendations (general)
  • Allow container to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation. Reseal promptly under dry atmosphere; include desiccant if available.
  • For long-term stability, minimize headspace humidity and repeated warm–cold cycling.
• Reconstitution/dissolution (general guidance; not a specification)
  • Use dry, oxygen- and moisture-minimized solvents (e.g., anhydrous DMF, DMSO, CH2Cl2, acetone) to prepare stock solutions. Gentle warming (e.g., 30–40 °C water bath) and vortexing/sonication can aid dissolution. Avoid prolonged heating.
  • For aqueous dispersions, dissolve in a miscible organic solvent first and add to water/buffer under stirring to form micelles/particles. Adjust ionic strength and pH to avoid amine quenching during planned coupling reactions.
• Stability notes
  • Hydrolysis of PLGA is accelerated by moisture, elevated temperature, and extremes of pH. Prepare solutions fresh when possible and store aliquots at low temperature.
  • Avoid strong acids/bases and oxidizers; these can degrade the ester backbone or react with the –NH2 end-group.
• For research use only.

Structure and Identity

PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2 is an amphiphilic, end-functionalized block copolymer comprising a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) segment and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) segment terminated with a primary amine (–NH2).

• Item-specific identifiers
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Naming implies PLGA Mn ≈ 20 kDa and PEG Mn ≈ 1 kDa, literature/conventional notation only.)
  • SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structural features (general/literature description)
  • Architecture: AB block copolymer with a hydrophobic, biodegradable PLGA block (random lactic/glycolic repeat units) covalently linked to a hydrophilic PEG block (~22 ethylene oxide units for 1 kDa, literature estimation) bearing a terminal primary amine.
  • Functional groups: Aliphatic esters (PLGA), ether linkages (PEG), and a terminal –NH2 suitable for conjugation (e.g., to NHS esters, isocyanates, activated carbonates, aldehydes via reductive amination, or carboxyls via carbodiimide chemistry).
  • Stereochemistry: PLGA segment may contain chiral lactic units; bulk tacticity and lactide:glycolide ratio are not specified for this item.
  • 2D description in words: A long polyester chain of alternating/random lactic and glycolic ester units joined to a shorter poly(ethylene oxide) chain; the distal PEG terminus carries a primary amine. The polymer backbone is linear; no branching is implied.
• Notes: Exact composition (lactide:glycolide molar ratio), end-group on PLGA terminus, and dispersity (Đ) are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

As a macromolecular building block, PLGA20000-PEG1000-NH2 provides a hydrophobic polyester segment and a hydrophilic PEG segment terminated by a primary amine, enabling diverse chemistries and materials architectures.

• Functional group leverage
  • –NH2 end group: Forms amides with NHS esters or carboxylic acids (via EDC/NHS), carbamates with activated carbonates or isocyanates, ureas with diisocyanates, imines/reductive amination with aldehydes, and can be quaternized after suitable modification.
  • Polyester esters (PLGA): Generally inert to many coupling conditions but susceptible to transesterification/hydrolysis under strong acidic/basic conditions—choose mild reagents.
• Constructing higher-order structures
  • Star/brush architectures via coupling the –NH2 end to multifunctional cores; layer-by-layer films by alternating deposition with polyanions; surface-grafting onto carboxylated/activated substrates.
  • Installation of bio-orthogonal handles (e.g., NHS–PEG–maleimide, NHS–PEG–azide) on the –NH2 terminus for subsequent click chemistries (thiol–maleimide, SPAAC, CuAAC with caution).
• Retrosynthetic value
  • Treat the block copolymer as a monofunctional macromonomer with known equivalent weight (amine eq wt from CoA) to plan stoichiometric coupling to small molecules or nanoparticles.
• Analytical control
  • Use 1H/13C NMR to confirm end-group conversions; FTIR to track amide/carbamate formation; SEC/GPC to monitor Mn shifts and dispersity; UV/fluorescence if labels are installed.
• Note: Exact LA:GA ratio, Mn, and Đ for this SKU are Not specified; adjust reaction stoichiometry and conditions based on CoA values once available.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a synthetic block copolymer (PLGA–PEG–NH2), not a biological affinity reagent (e.g., antibody, enzyme, ligand). No antigen/epitope or species specificity is associated with this item.