Proteose Peptone - BioReagent

Cat. No.: P1528379

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Visão geral

Proteose peptone is a dry powder prepared from refined protein as the substrate through special hydrolysis and extraction. It contains abundant low-molecular-weight peptides, free amino acids, and growth factors, and is nutrient-rich for use as a raw material in microbial culture. Composition: Total nitrogen: ≥ 15.0% Amino nitrogen: ≥ 5.0% Loss on drying: ≤ 6.0% Residue on ignition: ≤ 7.0% Usage precautions: For laboratory use only; avoid contact with skin and eyes during use; avoid inhalation or ingestion.

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

BioReagent

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Room temperature

Enviado em

Normal

Grau

BioReagent

Product Line

biological_products

Application Protocols

Below are example media formulations and workflows that commonly employ proteose peptone (literature/general; adjust per your organism and SOP). These are not product specifications.

1. Proteose Peptone Broth (general-purpose)

• Water (purified): to 1 L
• Proteose Peptone: 10 g
• Yeast Extract: 5 g (optional for vitamins)
• NaCl: 5 g
• Adjust pH to 7.2 ± 0.2; sterilize at 121 °C for 15–20 min.

2. Proteose Peptone Agar (for plate culture)

• As above, plus Agar 15 g/L; adjust pH, autoclave, cool to 50–55 °C, and pour plates.

3. Enrichment for fastidious bacteria (example starting point)

• Proteose Peptone: 15–20 g/L
• Yeast Extract: 5–10 g/L
• Glucose: 1–5 g/L
• Phosphate buffer: 50 mM final
• Optional supplements (e.g., hemoglobin, serum substitutes) added aseptically post-sterilization.

4. Stock solution preparation

• Dissolve 100 g proteose peptone in water to 1 L (10% w/v). Filter sterilize (0.22 µm). Store at 2–8 °C and use within 1–2 weeks.

General workflow tips:

• Hydrate fully before pH adjustment to avoid drift.
• Minimize foam by moderate stirring and by adding components in sequence (salts → peptone → yeast extract → glucose).
• For comparative studies, run parallel cultures with a reference medium to assess lot suitability (growth rate, OD600, CFU, product titer).

Biological Roles

Proteose peptone does not have a single defined biological role as a molecule; rather, it functions as a complex nutrient matrix supplying multiple biological building blocks (literature/general):

• Nitrogen and carbon source: Provides readily assimilable peptides and amino acids for protein biosynthesis and central metabolism in bacteria, fungi, and some eukaryotic cells.
• Growth factors: Contains small peptides and trace components that can enhance growth of fastidious microorganisms, sometimes substituting for serum or complex extracts in defined contexts.
• Buffering capacity: Modest intrinsic buffering around neutral pH due to amino/carboxyl groups of peptides; helps stabilize medium pH alongside dedicated buffers.
• Metal binding: Peptide side chains can chelate trace metals, influencing their bioavailability.
• Osmotic and redox effects: Contributes to medium osmolarity and may impact redox environment through amino acids like cysteine and methionine (literature).

Experimental considerations:

• Variability: Biological performance depends on peptide size distribution, amino acid profile, and residual minerals; always evaluate lot-to-lot consistency for critical organisms/processes.
• Synergy with other components: Often combined with yeast extract, tryptone/casein digests, and carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) for balanced growth.
• Selective effects: The peptide profile can subtly favor certain taxa; medium optimization may be necessary to tune selectivity or productivity.

Note: This product is intended for research and laboratory use only; it is not intended for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic applications.

Buffer Applications

Not a dedicated buffering agent. Proteose peptone contributes only modest buffering via peptide amino and carboxyl groups and is typically used for its nutrient value.

Practical guidance (literature/general):

• pH control: Pair proteose peptone with defined buffers (e.g., phosphate, MOPS, HEPES) to maintain target pH during microbial growth.
• Medium design: In complex media, buffering capacity is primarily determined by added salts/buffer systems; peptone’s contribution is secondary.
• Typical recipes: For bacterial culture near neutral pH, 50–100 mM phosphate or 50 mM MOPS is commonly sufficient, adjusted alongside peptone and carbohydrate load.

If a specific buffering capacity or pH specification is required for your workflow, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for any item-specific pH-in-solution data and qualify empirically.

Green Alternatives

Context: As a complex nutrient for media preparation, the "green" dimension relates to source sustainability, animal-free options, and process efficiency rather than solvent replacement.

Sourcing and sustainability (literature/general):

• Animal-free options: Where feasible, consider plant-derived peptones (e.g., soy/wheat) or yeast peptones for reduced animal use and potentially lower environmental footprint. Performance equivalency should be verified organism-by-organism.
• Byproduct utilization: Many peptones are produced from food-industry byproducts (e.g., casein streams), improving resource efficiency.

Process and waste minimization:

• Concentration optimization: Determine the minimal effective peptone concentration for your organism/process to reduce resource use and downstream nitrogenous waste.
• Sterilization energy savings: Where validated, filter-sterilize peptone solutions (0.22 µm) instead of autoclaving to reduce energy consumption and thermal degradation.
• Foam control: Use mechanical foam-breakers or headspace management in bioreactors prior to adding chemical antifoams.

Comparison table (general):

| Option | Pros | Considerations | | --- | --- | --- | | Proteose Peptone (animal-derived) | Broad peptide profile; supports fastidious growth | Animal origin; batch variability | | Plant-derived Peptone | Animal-free; sustainable sourcing | Different amino acid profile; may affect growth for specific microbes | | Yeast Extract + Tryptone | Balanced vitamins + small peptides | May need higher total load for some species |

Documentation: If sustainability is critical, request a statement of origin, allergen status, and manufacturing stewardship from the supplier.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic claims. The following discusses roles in research and manufacturing contexts (literature/general):

• Biomanufacturing fermentation: Proteose peptone can serve as a complex nitrogen and growth-factor supplement in microbial or fungal fermentations used for production of research reagents, enzymes, and intermediates. Its peptide-rich profile can improve cell density and productivity relative to purely mineral media.
• Quality control microbiology: Used to formulate growth-promotion test media for environmental monitoring organisms and pharmacopeial strains, supporting method suitability and sterility testing (where complex media are permitted by method).
• Vaccine/process development (research): In early-stage development, complex media including proteose peptone may be screened to accelerate strain selection and process scouting before transitioning to chemically defined or animal-free formulations.

Regulatory and technical considerations:

• Origin and traceability: For GMP-adjacent work, document source (animal/plant), TSE/BSE statements if animal-derived, and manufacturing controls. This product is labeled BioReagent and intended for research; suitability for regulated use must be independently assessed.
• Impurities: Endotoxin, bioburden, and adventitious agents must be controlled if used in sensitive applications; obtain lot-specific data from the CoA.
• Consistency: Perform growth and product-titer comparability studies when changing lots or suppliers to manage variability intrinsic to complex raw materials.

Physical Properties

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Storage Conditions: Room temperature (as supplied).

General/literature properties for proteose peptones (non-spec, for guidance only):

• Form: Typically a free-flowing powder or granules, off-white to light tan (literature). Color and flow can vary with source and hydrolysis method.
• Odor: Mild, proteinaceous (literature).
• Solubility: Freely soluble in water; forms clear to slightly opalescent solutions depending on concentration and ash content (literature). Practically insoluble in most organic solvents.
• pH (solution): Aqueous 2% w/v solutions commonly fall in pH ~6.5–7.5 before sterilization (literature; exact value varies by lot and manufacturer).
• Hygroscopicity: Mildly hygroscopic; readily absorbs moisture leading to caking (literature).
• Ash content / conductivity: Variable; contributes to ionic strength in media (literature).
• Foaming: Moderate foaming can occur upon vigorous agitation or aeration (literature), relevant in bioreactors and shake flasks.
• Thermal behavior: Components are heat-stable enough for autoclaving (121 °C, 15–20 min), though prolonged heating can darken solutions (Maillard reactions with residual sugars; literature).

Not provided for this item (consult CoA/Spec Sheet):

• Exact moisture, ash, total nitrogen/amino nitrogen, pH spec window, bioburden, and endotoxin levels (if controlled for BioReagent grade).

Quality and Grades

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• Grade: BioReagent

What BioReagent generally implies (general/industry usage; verify lot-specific specs on CoA):

• Intended use: Research and laboratory applications, including microbiological media preparation, cell culture supplementation, and biochemical workflows where consistent performance is required.
• Typical controls: May include tighter ranges on nitrogen content, pH in solution, solubility/clarity, bioburden, and sometimes endotoxin compared with commodity-grade peptones. Exact acceptance criteria vary by supplier—consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for this item.
• Trace components: Ash/minerals, carbohydrate residues, and growth factors (e.g., peptides, vitamins) are inherent to peptones; BioReagent grade emphasizes batch-to-batch reproducibility.

Stabilizers/additives:

• Stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Antifoam/anti-caking agents: Not specified; if present, they would be declared on the CoA.

Recommendations for users:

• For regulated microbiology or cell-based assays, qualify each lot for growth performance (e.g., OD growth curves, colony-forming units) and clarity in your target medium.
• If downstream analysis is sensitive to endotoxin or specific ions, request or measure those attributes.
• Document source protein (animal/plant) and hydrolysis method (enzymatic/acidic) if critical to your application; these factors influence peptide profile and growth-factor content.

Reaction and Applications

This product is not used for organic synthesis reactions; its primary applications are as a complex nutrient source in life-science workflows.

Key application areas (literature/general):

• Microbiological media: Widely employed in media such as Proteose Peptone No. 3-based formulations, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) variants, and other complex media for cultivation of bacteria, including fastidious species. Typical usage: 5–20 g/L as part of a balanced formulation with salts and, optionally, carbohydrates.
• Cell culture supplementation: In some research contexts, low-percentage peptone supplements can enhance cell growth or productivity in mammalian/plant cell culture; usage depends on regulatory and performance needs.
• Fermentation: Serves as a nitrogen source and provides peptides, amino acids, and micronutrients, often improving biomass accumulation and product titers in microbial fermentations.
• QC/Media performance testing: Used to formulate challenge media for growth-promotion testing of specific organisms.

Practical tips:

• Dissolution: Add to warm (25–40 °C) purified water with gentle stirring to accelerate dissolution and reduce foaming.
• Clarification: If particulate persists, allow to hydrate fully (10–20 min), then filter or centrifuge if clarity is critical.
• Sterilization strategy: Autoclave peptone-containing base separately from heat-labile components. Consider filter sterilization for maximum retention of growth factors sensitive to heat.
• Batch qualification: Run side-by-side growth curves with a reference lot to confirm equivalency for critical assays.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to chemical reactions; the relevant "conditions" pertain to media preparation and sterilization for biological applications (literature/general guidance):

• Typical concentrations:
  • Proteose peptone in complex media: 5–20 g/L. Optimize by organism; fastidious species may require higher levels or combination with yeast extract.
• Dissolution: Add gradually to room-temperature or warm (25–40 °C) purified water under moderate stirring to minimize clumping and foam. Hydrate for 10–20 minutes for complete dissolution.
• pH adjustment: Adjust bulk medium pH (commonly 6.8–7.4 for many bacteria) after all components are dissolved and before sterilization.
• Sterilization:
  • Autoclave: 121 °C for 15–20 minutes at 15 psi. Avoid caramelization/Maillard browning by not exceeding required time/temperature; separate sugars for post-sterile addition if browning is problematic.
  • Filtration: 0.22 µm membrane for heat-sensitive workflows; assemble aseptically.
• Compatibility: Mixes with salts (NaCl, KH2PO4/K2HPO4), buffers (phosphate, MOPS), and carbon sources (e.g., glucose 1–10 g/L) commonly used in culture media.
• Aeration/Agitation: Moderate to vigorous shaking (180–250 rpm in baffled flasks) or controlled sparged bioreactors; monitor foaming and use antifoam sparingly if required.
• Storage of solutions: Short-term at 2–8 °C; use within several days to minimize contamination and degradation.

Note: Values above are literature/general guidelines and should be optimized per organism and process. They are not specifications for this item.

Safety and Handling

Always review the SDS for authoritative safety information.

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• GHS Classification / Signal Word / Pictograms / H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Storage Conditions: Room temperature. Keep container tightly closed and dry.

General handling guidance (literature/best practice):

• Hazards: Typically regarded as low hazard; may cause dust irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Proteinaceous powders can rarely provoke allergic sensitization upon repeated inhalation.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Avoid creating or inhaling dust; handle in a well-ventilated area or fume hood when weighing.
• Hygiene: Wash hands after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas.
• Spill response: Avoid dust generation. Sweep/vacuum (HEPA preferred) and dispose of according to institutional guidelines.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers may degrade organic material. Avoid moisture uptake; product can cake and support microbial growth once wetted.
• Thermal/processing notes: During autoclaving, use vented closures to prevent bottle rupture; solutions may foam. Do not autoclave tightly sealed containers.

First-aid overview (general):

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
• Skin contact: Wash with soap and water.
• Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if unwell.

Waste disposal: Treat as nonhazardous organic lab waste unless local regulations classify otherwise; avoid drain disposal of concentrated solutions to prevent bio-growth.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: Proteose peptone is a solid nutrient mixture, not a small-molecule reagent requiring organic solvent optimization. Solvent considerations focus on dissolution for media preparation.

General/literature guidance:

• Primary solvent: Water (purified/distilled). Peptones are freely water soluble at typical media concentrations (5–20 g/L), yielding clear to slightly opalescent solutions depending on ash content.
• pH effects: Dissolution is efficient near neutral pH. Extreme pH may induce peptide hydrolysis or Maillard reactions upon heating if sugars are present.
• Sterilization: Solutions can be autoclaved (121 °C, 15–20 min). For heat-labile co-components (e.g., vitamins), sterile-filter peptone solutions (0.22 µm) and aseptically combine post-sterilization.
• Compatibility: Mixes well with other media components such as yeast extract, tryptone/casein digest, sodium chloride, buffers (phosphate, HEPES), and carbohydrates (glucose, lactose).
• Organic solvents: Insoluble or poorly soluble in most organic solvents; not recommended.

Comparison (literature):

• Proteose Peptone vs. Tryptone: Proteose peptone generally has a broader peptide profile (including larger peptides) and may support fastidious organisms better; tryptone (pancreatic digest) offers relatively smaller peptides and is common in LB medium.
• Proteose Peptone vs. Yeast Extract: Yeast extract contributes vitamins, nucleotides, and growth factors; proteose peptone contributes primarily peptides/amino acids. They are often combined for balanced media.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• Storage Conditions (as supplied): Room temperature.
• Shipped In: Normal.

Dry storage (general best practices):

• Keep container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place away from moisture and oxidizers. Use desiccant if ambient humidity is high.
• Protect from humidity to prevent caking and from biological contamination.
• Record date opened and manage by first-in/first-out for lot consistency.

Reconstitution and sterilization (literature/general):

• Dissolve in purified water to desired concentration (commonly 5–20 g/L for media; up to 100 g/L for stock). Stir gently; allow 10–20 minutes for complete hydration.
• Adjust pH after dissolution if the formulation specifies.
• Sterilize by autoclaving (121 °C, 15–20 min) or filter sterilization (0.22 µm) when heat-sensitive components are present.

Storage of prepared solutions:

• Store at 2–8 °C. For best performance, use within several days for working-strength media or 1–2 weeks for sterile stock solutions; monitor for turbidity or odor as indicators of contamination/degradation.
• Avoid repeated warming/cooling; aliquot stock solutions to minimize handling.

Specifications not provided for this item:

• Exact moisture, ash, pH-in-solution, microbial limits, and endotoxin levels are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: For research use only. Verify lot-specific attributes against your application requirements before large-scale use.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: Proteose Peptone is a complex mixture of peptides, amino acids, and small proteins produced by controlled proteolysis of protein sources (commonly casein or meat). It is widely used as a nitrogen- and growth-factor source in microbiological media and cell culture supplements.

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• SKU: P1528379
• Product Name: Proteose Peptone
• Grade/Purity: BioReagent
• Storage Conditions: Room temperature
• Shipped In: Normal
• Research Use: For research use only

Identifiers (this item):

• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not applicable for mixtures.
• SMILES: Not applicable for mixtures.

Composition & features (general/literature):

• Nature: Undefined, heterogeneous mixture of oligopeptides (typically 2–20 residues), free amino acids, small polypeptides, and minor amounts of carbohydrates, minerals, and salts resulting from partial hydrolysis.
• Source: Frequently milk casein or animal/plant proteins (exact source is manufacturer/process dependent; check CoA for this lot).
• Functional groups: Amide bonds (peptide linkages), terminal amines and carboxylates, side-chain functionalities (e.g., hydroxyl, thiol, indole, imidazole) depending on amino acid composition.
• 2D structural description: No single defined structure; consists of a distribution of peptide backbones with varying side chains and chain lengths.

Molecular formula and molecular weight:

• Molecular Formula: Not applicable to mixtures; overall composition varies.
• Molecular Weight: Not a single value; typically a broad distribution (from ~100 Da free amino acids to several kDa peptides; literature).

Synthetic Utility

Proteose peptone is not a discrete chemical building block and is not typically employed in small-molecule organic synthesis.

Where it can be relevant (literature/general):

• Biocatalysis platforms: As a nutrient supplement for microbial whole-cell biocatalysts producing chiral alcohols, acids, or amines, proteose peptone can enhance biomass and enzyme expression, indirectly supporting synthetic campaigns.
• Secondary metabolite discovery: Complex media containing proteose peptone may modulate metabolic pathways in microbes, altering profiles of biosynthesized small molecules for screening.

Limitations:

• Undefined composition: The heterogeneous peptide mixture precludes precise stoichiometric use or predictable reactivity.
• Interference: Organic analytical workflows (e.g., HPLC-MS of small molecules) can be complicated by background peptides and salts from peptone-containing matrices.

For direct synthetic transformations or as a reagent/solvent, select defined small molecules instead. For fermentation-enabled synthesis, validate proteose peptone’s impact on titer, selectivity, and impurity profile empirically.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. Proteose peptone is a complex nutrient mixture, not a targeted biochemical (e.g., antibody, enzyme inhibitor, or ligand). It does not possess defined target specificity.

Item-specific data such as antigen, clone, isotype, or species reactivity are not relevant for this product.