QTZ - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.2883232-39-9

CAS: 2883232-39-9 Cat. No.: Q1499120 Fórmula: C₂₈H₂₀N₄O Peso molecular: 428.48

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Visão geral

QTZ is a bioluminescence agent for in vivo imaging. QTZ has red-shifted emission and yields very little background. QTZ is a coelenterazine analog with the 4-quinolinyl substitution at the C8 position of the imidazopyrazinone core.

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Store at -80°C

Enviado em

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Grau

Moligand™

Nomes e identificadores

• Peso molecular: 428.48

Application Protocols

No manufacturer-validated protocols are provided for QTZ in this listing. The following generic workflow can be adapted once solubility and activity data are known.

Example generic small-molecule assay workflow (for guidance only):

• Stock preparation: Dissolve QTZ in DMSO to 10–50 mM. Vortex and, if needed, sonicate briefly. Filter if particles persist (0.2 µm PTFE) and protect from light.
• Working dilutions: Prepare serial dilutions in assay buffer to reach desired final concentration with ≤0.2–0.5% v/v DMSO.
• Controls: Include vehicle-only controls and, if available, a known active comparator.
• Incubation: Combine with target (enzyme, receptor, cells) under conditions validated for your system. Typical incubation times range 10–60 min for biochemical assays and 0.5–24 h for cellular assays; optimize empirically.
• Readout: Use an appropriate detection modality (absorbance, fluorescence, luminescence, label-free). Confirm that the vehicle and ligand do not interfere with the readout.
• Data quality: Monitor Z′-factor, signal-to-background, and replicate CVs. Verify compound stability pre- and post-assay by LC–MS.

Note: This is general guidance only. For item-specific instructions, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological function, target class, and mechanism are not provided for QTZ. The following points outline how small-molecule ligands are commonly leveraged in life-science research.

General roles in biology (literature/practice):

• As enzyme substrates or modulators: Ligands can report on catalytic activity, alter reaction rates, or probe active-site specificity.
• As receptor or transporter binders: Used to characterize affinity, kinetics, and selectivity via radiometric, fluorescent, luminescent, or label-free methods.
• As pathway probes: Chemical perturbation of signaling nodes allows mapping of pathway dependencies and crosstalk in cells or lysates.
• As imaging/reporting agents: When endowed with intrinsic photophysics or paired with reporter enzymes, ligands can support optical readouts in vitro.

Experimental considerations:

• Define vehicle and maximum tolerable concentration to avoid off-target solvent effects.
• Validate on-target activity using orthogonal assays (e.g., biochemical + cellular) and inactive analog controls.
• Assess stability and potential bioactivation or metabolism in your system (microsomes, S9, live cells), guided by LC–MS profiling.

Note: This product is designated For research use only. No clinical or diagnostic use is implied.

Buffer Applications

No item-specific buffer system or pH range is provided for QTZ. If QTZ is used in biochemical or cell-based assays, consider the following general practices.

General buffer guidance (literature/practice):

• Common assay buffers: PBS (pH 7.2–7.4), HEPES (pH 7.0–7.6), or Tris (pH 7.4–8.0), optionally with 0.01–0.05% Tween-20 to mitigate nonspecific adsorption.
• Vehicle control: Maintain identical DMSO/ethanol percentages across all wells (e.g., 0.1–0.5% v/v) to control for solvent effects.
• Protein-containing buffers: 0.1–1% BSA can reduce nonspecific binding and improve ligand stability; verify that protein does not sequester or inactivate the ligand.
• Ionic strength: 100–150 mM total salt is typical for many protein assays; optimize for your target’s stability and activity.
• Light and oxygen: If the compound is light- or air-sensitive, protect from light and degas buffers or sparge with inert gas as needed.

Preparation tips:

• Prepare concentrated ligand stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) in a compatible solvent and dilute into pre-chilled buffer to the final working concentration with vigorous mixing to avoid precipitation.
• Filter-sterilize buffers (0.22 µm) for cell-based use. Confirm that filtration does not remove the compound (adsorption check).

Green Alternatives

Without item-specific solvent and process requirements, “green” considerations focus on formulation and assay handling rather than synthesis.

Greener handling strategies (general):

• Minimize DMSO: Where possible, formulate lower-concentration DMSO stocks and dilute into buffered systems to ≤0.2–0.5% v/v in the final assay to reduce solvent burden and cytotoxicity.
• Prefer aqueous buffers: If solubility allows, use aqueous buffers (phosphate, HEPES, Tris) as primary vehicles. Avoid halogenated solvents.
• Right-size batches: Prepare minimal working aliquots to avoid freeze–thaw waste and reduce cold-chain energy use.
• Microscale assays: Employ microplate formats (384/1536-well) to reduce solvent volumes and waste.

Illustrative comparison (general):

• DMSO vs ethanol as stock vehicle: DMSO offers higher solvency and lower volatility (less inhalation risk, fewer emissions), whereas ethanol is renewable and broadly biodegradable but can be more perturbing to biological systems. Choose the minimal effective percentage compatible with your assay.

Sourcing and documentation:

• Request CoA/SDS to identify any stabilizers or residual solvents; consider alternatives with lower hazard profiles if compatible with performance.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or manufacturing use is provided for QTZ. This product is sold strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use.

General context (for research planning only):

• Early discovery: Small-molecule ligands may be used in target validation, SAR exploration, and ADME profiling. Any translation to GMP or clinical contexts requires separate sourcing and qualification.
• Formulation screening (nonclinical): Solubility and stability assessments in biorelevant media can inform feasibility, but such work must be segregated from clinical manufacturing activities.

Compliance reminder:

• Do not use this material in diagnostic procedures or as a drug substance/excipient. For any regulated application, obtain appropriately qualified material and documentation.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical properties have not been provided in the current listing. Where applicable in your workflow, confirm values on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point / freezing point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pKa(s): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• logP / logD: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• UV-Vis characteristics, fluorescence, or extinction coefficients: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for handling unknowns (literature/practice):

• For small-molecule ligands, DMSO stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) are commonly used when aqueous solubility is limited; confirm compatibility with your assay system.
• If hygroscopicity or light-sensitivity are suspected, minimize ambient exposure and protect from light; verify with the item’s CoA or SDS before extended handling.

Quality and Grades

• Supplied grade: Moligand™.

What Moligand™ implies (general description):

• Intended for discovery and screening workflows involving molecular ligands (e.g., binders, probes, substrates, or modulators) in biochemical or cell-based assays.
• Emphasis on identity confirmation and assay suitability rather than on analytical solvent specifications. Typical documentation may include identity checks (e.g., HPLC/LC–MS purity, NMR) where applicable. Please refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for the exact tests used for this lot.

Item-specific notes:

• Purity/assay, stabilizers, residual solvents, water content, and specific analytical limits: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• UV cutoff or chromatographic performance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Recommendations for users:

• Request the CoA for your lot to confirm identity method(s), purity criteria, and any stabilizers or counter-ions.
• If using in quantitative assays, consider verifying potency and stability in your matrix (buffer, pH, temperature) and establishing a reference standard curve when applicable.

Reaction and Applications

Manufacturer application details are not provided for QTZ. As a Moligand™-grade reagent categorized under life science, QTZ is intended for research use in biochemical, biophysical, or cell-based studies rather than as a general synthetic reagent.

Potential research applications (general, literature/practice):

• Ligand screening and target engagement assays (e.g., thermal shift, CETSA-like approaches, MST, SPR, or fluorescence/displacement formats), provided the molecule’s detection method or readout is compatible.
• Enzymology or receptor assays where the ligand functions as a substrate, inhibitor, activator, or reporter component, pending validation of activity and stability in the assay matrix.
• Probe development workflows when the chemical scaffold is amenable to tagging or conjugation (verify functional handles and reactivity from structural documentation).

Practical tips:

• Establish a solubility screen (DMSO, ethanol, buffer with cosolvent) before committing to assay plates.
• Confirm stability under assay temperature and light conditions. Run pre- and post-assay LC–MS to check for degradation or adducts.
• Titrate the vehicle content across controls to deconvolute solvent effects from ligand biology.

Note: No item-specific application claims are made here; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and perform pilot validations in your assay system.

Reaction Conditions

No reaction conditions are specified for QTZ, and this item is not primarily intended for use as a synthetic reagent.

General guidance for assay preparation (rather than chemical reactions):

• Stock solutions: Prepare at high concentration in a compatible solvent (commonly DMSO) to minimize vehicle in the final assay. Validate solubility visually and by LC–MS if possible.
• Temperature: Keep on ice or at 4 °C during setup if thermal sensitivity is suspected; otherwise, equilibrate to ambient for consistent pipetting.
• Light/oxygen: Protect from light and air where indicated by stability data; use amber vials and inert gas overlays for sensitive compounds.
• Mixing/order of addition: Add ligand last to pre-equilibrated assay components to limit precipitation or decomposition.

If QTZ is to be used in a chemical transformation or conjugation, consult the CoA for functional group information and perform small-scale scouting experiments to define suitable solvents, bases/acids, catalysts, and temperatures.

Safety and Handling

Safety data specific to QTZ are not listed here. Always consult the SDS for authoritative hazard, exposure, and response information.

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-Statements / P-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Storage conditions: Store at −80 °C (per product data). Avoid repeated freeze–thaw.
• Shipping: Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs (per product data).

General laboratory precautions (good practice):

• PPE: Wear lab coat, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), and safety glasses. Use in a fume hood if dusts, aerosols, or volatile components may be generated.
• Incompatibilities: Unknown for this item. As a precaution, avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases until compatibility is confirmed.
• Handling: Allow shipment containers to equilibrate briefly before opening to prevent condensation ingress. Work quickly on ice or in a cold room if stability is temperature-sensitive.
• First aid overview (general): If inhaled—move to fresh air; if on skin—wash with soap and water; if in eyes—rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if swallowed—rinse mouth. Seek medical attention as needed. Follow SDS instructions.

Waste disposal:

• Dispose of unused material and contaminated consumables as organic chemical waste in accordance with institutional and local regulations.

Solvent Selection

Solubility parameters and favored solvents for QTZ are not provided. Selection should be driven by your assay design and the material’s actual solubility profile from the CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for small-molecule ligands (literature/practice):

• Primary stock solvents: DMSO is often preferred for hydrophobic ligands due to broad solvency and biochemical compatibility at ≤1% v/v in assays. Alternatives include DMF or ethanol if compatible with the system.
• Aqueous use: If water solubility permits, prepare buffered aqueous stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) adjusted to suitable pH. Consider cosolvents (≤10% v/v DMSO or ethanol) or inclusion of cyclodextrins/surfactants for challenging solubility cases.
• pH and salt effects: Ionic ligands may show strong pH-dependent solubility; titrate pH and ionic strength accordingly.

Comparison notes (general):

• DMSO: broad solvency, low volatility; may affect cells/enzymes at >0.5–1%.
• Ethanol: volatile, more biologically active; keep ≤0.5% v/v for sensitive assays.
• Aqueous buffers: best for biocompatibility; limited by intrinsic solubility and stability.

Action items:

• Verify the acceptable vehicle, maximum final cosolvent %, and any precipitation/adsorption risks under your assay conditions.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (as supplied): Store at −80 °C (per product data). Keep tightly closed in the original container. Minimize exposure to ambient temperature.
• Shipping: Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs (per product data). Inspect upon receipt; if thawing occurred, consult Technical Support before use.
• Reconstitution solvent: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. In the absence of guidance, many small-molecule ligands are reconstituted in anhydrous DMSO; confirm compatibility experimentally.
• Working stocks: Prepare concentrated stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) to limit vehicle content in assays. Aliquot into single-use portions in low-bind tubes to avoid adsorption and freeze–thaw.
• Freeze–thaw: Avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Thaw aliquots on ice, use promptly, and refreeze only if stability has been verified.
• Light/air sensitivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. When uncertain, store in amber vials under inert gas.
• Stability/shelf life: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Validate stability in your assay buffer over the intended incubation period.

Research use only: This product is intended solely for research use. Not for human or veterinary use.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: QTZ (SKU Q1499120) is supplied as a Moligand™-grade research ligand. Detailed structural identifiers are not provided in the current product record.

• CAS: 2883232-39-9
• SKU: Q1499120
• Product name: QTZ
• Grade: Moligand™ (see Quality & Grades tab for context)
• Category: Life Science (research reagent)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChI / InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structural features (general note): Functional groups, ring systems, and stereochemistry are not disclosed in this listing. Consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or detailed specification sheet for definitive structural information.

2D/3D structure description:

• Not available in this listing. If you require a structure drawing, please request the latest CoA/Spec Sheet or structural dossier for QTZ.

Synthetic Utility

QTZ is offered as a Moligand™-grade life-science reagent. It is not positioned as a general-purpose synthetic building block in this listing.

Applicability to synthesis:

• Without disclosed functional groups or reactivity handles, no specific transformations (e.g., cross-coupling, nucleophilic substitution) can be recommended.
• If structural information indicates available handles (e.g., aryl halide, amino, carboxyl), derivatization or probe conjugation may be feasible; consult the structural dossier/CoA.

Best practices for derivatization (general):

• Confirm identity and purity by orthogonal methods (NMR, LC–MS, HRMS) before scale-up modifications.
• Map chemical stability (pH, oxidative, photolytic) to select protective conditions during any coupling or labeling steps.

Conclusion:

• For this catalog entry, treat QTZ as a ready-to-use ligand/probe candidate rather than a synthetic intermediate, unless structural documentation from the CoA suggests otherwise.

Target Specificity

No target, epitope, binding partner, or selectivity profile is provided for QTZ in this listing.

• Target/epitope: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Assay-validated activity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Recommendation:

• Establish target engagement using orthogonal methods (e.g., biochemical potency, biophysical binding, and cell-based readouts), and include negative controls and vehicle controls. Generate preliminary selectivity panels where feasible.