Rhizobium Medium YM - BioReagent

Cat. No.: R1528564

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Visão geral

For cultivation of Rhizobium

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

BioReagent

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Room temperature

Enviado em

Normal

Grau

BioReagent

Product Line

Produtos biológicos

Application Protocols

The manufacturer has not provided validated protocol steps for this catalog item. The following is general, literature‑based guidance for preparing and using YM medium for Rhizobium.

A. Preparation (broth)

• Weigh the labeled mass of powder per liter (Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet).
• Add to purified water with stirring; heat gently to dissolve.
• Adjust pH near neutral as directed; dispense into flasks or bottles.
• Autoclave at 121 °C for 15–20 min.

B. Preparation (agar plates)

• If agar is included in the formulation: after autoclaving, cool to ~50–55 °C, optionally add sterile supplements, and pour 20–25 mL per 90 mm plate. Allow to solidify and dry surface before use.

C. Inoculation and incubation

• Streak environmental or culture samples onto plates or inoculate broth (1–2% v/v starter). Incubate at 28–30 °C. Monitor growth 2–5 days.

D. Quality control (optional, literature)

• Growth promotion using reference strains (e.g., Ensifer meliloti or Rhizobium leguminosarum) to confirm performance.

Item‑specific volumes, mass per liter, and QC strains are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Biological Roles

Context and purpose (literature, general)

• Rhizobium Medium YM is formulated to support heterotrophic growth of rhizobia—Gram‑negative, nitrogen‑fixing bacteria that form symbioses with legumes. In vitro, the medium provides a defined carbon source (commonly mannitol) and micronutrients/vitamins (often via yeast extract) plus mineral salts that sustain aerobic growth.

Applications in microbiology

• Recovery from environmental or plant nodule samples where selective pressure is minimal but supports rhizobial competitiveness.
• Phenotypic characterization: growth rate, exopolysaccharide production, and colony morphology can be assessed on YM‑based agar.
• Physiological studies: gene regulation relevant to nodulation (e.g., nod genes) can be examined after pre‑culture on YM, followed by transfer to induction media.

Notes

• Although rhizobia fix nitrogen in planta via nitrogenase, they do not fix nitrogen in standard carbohydrate‑rich laboratory media; YM serves as a convenient cultivation platform rather than a nitrogen‑free fixation medium.
• For selection or counter‑selection, YM can be supplemented (antibiotics, indicators) as protocols dictate; such supplements are not implied for this item.

Item‑specific validated organism panel, growth‑promotion criteria, and QC organisms are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

This product is a complete microbiological medium rather than a discrete buffer. Nevertheless, YM formulations typically incorporate buffering capacity suitable for rhizobial culture (literature, general):

• Typical pH range after preparation: near neutral (approx. pH 6.8–7.2 at 25 °C).
• Common buffering ions: phosphate salts are often included in YM/YEM to stabilize pH during growth.

Practical guidance

• If additional buffering is required (e.g., for pH‑sensitive assays), supplement with sterile phosphate or MOPS at low concentrations after verifying compatibility with the organism under study.
• Monitor pH drift during incubation; metabolic acid/alkali production can shift pH, especially in high‑density cultures.

Item‑specific buffer composition and target pH are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

While culture media are aqueous by design and relatively benign compared to many organic solvents, sustainability can still be optimized (literature, general guidance):

Greener practice options

• Water use and sterilization energy: Optimize batch sizes to reduce autoclave cycles; use validated 15–20 min cycles rather than excessive times.
• Reusable glassware: Prefer glass bottles and plates (with reusable bases) over single‑use plastics when biosafety allows.
• Waste reduction: Prepare only the amount of plates/broth needed; properly store unused sterilized media to extend shelf life.
• Components sourcing: Consider media variants using sustainably sourced peptones/yeast extract; minimize animal‑derived inputs if aligned with project needs.
• Substitute dyes/indicators: If your protocol uses optional dyes (e.g., Congo red), evaluate less hazardous alternatives and minimize concentrations.

Comparison (illustrative; literature)

• YM/YEM vs rich complex media (e.g., TY, LB): YM typically has fewer components and lower organic load, reducing downstream COD in waste streams.
• Aqueous sterilization vs chemical sterilants: Autoclaving avoids solvent emissions and toxic sterilants (e.g., formaldehyde), with the trade‑off of energy consumption.

Item‑specific eco‑profiles, carbon footprint, or sustainable certifications are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is a research‑grade microbiological medium and is not intended for pharmaceutical manufacturing or clinical diagnostics.

Potential roles in pharma R&D settings (literature, general)

• Upstream microbiology: maintaining rhizobial research strains used in agricultural biotechnology studies that may inform biologics for crop systems.
• Method development: media screening, microbial stability studies, and inoculum preparation for research only.

Regulatory note

• No pharmacopeial monograph or excipient status is implied. For any regulated use, formal qualification and validation would be required. Item‑specific regulatory designations are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Research Use Only: As stated in Product Data.

Physical Properties

Item‑specific physico‑chemical specifications are not provided for this dehydrated culture medium.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Physical state: Dehydrated blend (powder or granules), general for culture media (literature)
• Solubility: Readily soluble/dispersible in purified water prior to sterilization (literature)
• pH (prepared medium): Typically adjusted near neutral for Rhizobium (commonly pH 6.8–7.2 at 25 °C; literature, general)
• Density/bulk density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index, logP, pKa, BP/MP: Not applicable/Not specified for complex mixtures

Preparation behavior (literature, general)

• Dissolution: Gentle heating and stirring aid dissolution; avoid scorching.
• Sterilization: Standard autoclave cycles (e.g., 121 °C, 15–20 min) are commonly used; heat‑labile supplements (if any) are filter‑sterilized and added post‑autoclave.
• Clarity: Broth is typically clear to slightly opalescent; agar plates form firm, translucent gels when agar is included.

Important

• For lot‑specific pH targets, powder mass per liter, and agar content (if applicable), Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and product label.

Quality and Grades

• Item grade: BioReagent (as provided in Product Data)

What BioReagent grade implies (general)

• Intended for research and laboratory applications requiring consistent performance in culture preparation and microbial growth studies.
• Emphasis on batch‑to‑batch reproducibility, traceable raw materials, and controlled bioburden/contaminants appropriate for microbiological use.

Key quality considerations for Rhizobium media (general guidance)

• Carbon/nitrogen balance and mineral content tuned for rhizobial growth and typical colony morphology.
• Low inhibitory impurities (e.g., heavy metals, antimicrobial residues) to avoid growth suppression of fastidious strains.
• If agar‑containing: agar clarity and gel strength affect colony visualization and handling.

Documentation

• Exact composition, performance specifications (e.g., growth promotion with defined strains), and any stabilizers or supplements are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Use case alignment

• Suitable for method development, strain isolation, purity checks, and maintenance of Rhizobium spp. in academic and industrial microbiology. Not for clinical or diagnostic use.

Reaction and Applications

This product is not a reagent for chemical synthesis; instead, it supports microbiological applications. Below are typical laboratory uses of Rhizobium Medium YM (literature, general):

• Isolation and cultivation of Rhizobium/Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) spp. from soil, nodules, or inoculants, leveraging a balanced carbon source (commonly mannitol) and yeast extract for vitamins/growth factors.
• Colony morphology and purity assessment on solid medium; addition of dyes such as Congo red is sometimes used in literature protocols to aid differentiation (dye not implied for this item).
• Enumeration and maintenance: preparation of stock cultures, slants, and glycerol freezes after growth in YM broth to mid/late log phase.
• Physiological and metabolic assays: nitrogen fixation gene expression studies, carbohydrate utilization screens, and stress response assays under controlled C/N and mineral conditions.
• Inoculum preparation for plant–microbe interaction studies (e.g., nodulation experiments on legumes) conducted under research laboratory conditions.

Practical tips (general)

• Pre‑dry glassware and use high‑purity water to minimize inhibitory contaminants.
• Aeration matters: Rhizobia are aerobic; use baffled flasks or shaking (180–250 rpm) for broth cultures.
• Monitor pH drift during growth; neutral starting pH typically supports optimal performance.

Item‑specific growth‑promotion claims and validated strains are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction Conditions

In lieu of chemical reaction conditions, the following summarizes typical culture conditions for Rhizobium on YM medium (literature, general guidance):

• Reconstitution: Dissolve the specified mass of dehydrated medium per liter of purified water per the product label (item‑specific mass Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet). Adjust pH near neutral as directed.
• Sterilization: Autoclave at 121 °C for 15–20 min. For agar media, cool to ~50–55 °C before pouring plates. Add heat‑labile supplements aseptically after cooling.
• Incubation temperature: Commonly 28–30 °C for many rhizobial species; some may grow at 25–37 °C depending on strain.
• Aeration: For broth, 180–250 rpm orbital shaking in baffled flasks at 1:5 to 1:10 fill ratio. For plates, incubate inverted to prevent condensation.
• Duration: Colonies on agar often appear within 2–5 days; broth reaches mid‑log in 18–48 h depending on inoculum and temperature.
• Expected outcomes: Mucoid to translucent colonies typical of exopolysaccharide‑producing rhizobia; OD600 growth curves are reproducible under standardized conditions.

Always adapt conditions to the specific strain and experimental goals.

Safety and Handling

GHS/SDS

• Signal word / H‑statements / Pictograms / Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory safety for dehydrated media (literature/good practice)

• Avoid dust generation and inhalation; may cause mechanical irritation or allergenic responses in sensitized individuals.
• Use appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and suitable gloves.
• Handling: Weigh in a well‑ventilated area; avoid moisture uptake. Close containers promptly after use.
• Incompatibilities: Store away from strong oxidizers and humidity; avoid contact with acids/bases until reconstituted as intended.
• Autoclaving hazards: Do not tightly cap liquid media during sterilization; pressure buildup and boiling over can occur. Allow to cool before handling; use heat‑resistant gloves.

First aid (overview; consult SDS for authoritative guidance)

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
• Skin contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing.
• Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; seek medical advice if irritation continues.
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice.

Microbiological safety

• Treat all cultures as potentially biohazardous; follow BSL‑2 practices where appropriate. Disinfect work surfaces and autoclave spent media and cultures prior to disposal, per institutional biosafety protocols.

Solvent Selection

As a dehydrated microbiological medium, “solvent selection” primarily concerns reconstitution in water rather than organic solvent choice.

• Primary solvent: Purified/deionized water (literature, general). ASTM Type I/II water is commonly used for reproducibility.
• Miscibility: Designed to fully dissolve/disperse in water with stirring and gentle heat if needed.
• pH control: Final pH is typically near neutral for Rhizobium; adjust with sterile 1 N HCl/NaOH as needed after dissolution (literature). Avoid excessive ionic strength that could stress cells.
• Sterilization: Autoclave the aqueous medium. Heat‑labile components, if any, are filter‑sterilized and aseptically added after cooling.

Comparison (literature, general)

• Distilled vs deionized water: Both acceptable; resistivity ≥1 MΩ·cm helps limit trace ions that can alter growth.
• Buffered water vs plain: Buffering (e.g., phosphate) is generally built into the formulation; additional external buffers are usually unnecessary unless protocol‑specified.

Item‑specific preparation volumes, powder mass per liter, and target pH are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and label.

Storage and Reconstitution

Storage

• Storage conditions (as provided): Room temperature.
• Shipping: Normal.
• Protect from moisture and light; keep container tightly closed. Avoid prolonged exposure to high humidity to prevent caking and degradation.

Reconstitution (literature, general)

• Dissolve the labeled mass of dehydrated medium in purified water to the target volume (item‑specific mass per liter and target pH are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and label).
• Mix with stirring; gentle heating may be used to aid dissolution. Adjust pH as specified.
• Sterilize by autoclaving (e.g., 121 °C, 15–20 min). Add heat‑labile supplements aseptically after cooling to ~50–55 °C (for agar) or ~40–50 °C (for broth supplements).

Post‑preparation handling

• Store sterilized broth at 2–8 °C and use within a few weeks for best performance; store poured plates inverted in sealed sleeves at 2–8 °C and use within 2–4 weeks (literature, general). Avoid freeze–thaw.

Research Use Only: For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

For any lot‑specific details (composition, mass per liter, pH targets, supplements), Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

This product is a complex, multi‑component microbiological growth medium formulated for cultivating Rhizobium spp. (often referred to as YM or YEM—yeast extract–mannitol—medium).

• Chemical identity: complex mixture; not a single defined compound
• Molecular formula: Not applicable for a mixture (Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• Molecular weight: Not applicable for a mixture (Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable to complex mixtures
• Structural features: Contains carbon/energy source(s), nitrogen/vitamin source(s) (e.g., yeast extract), and mineral salts; may be provided with or without agar for broth/plates (literature, general description)
• 2D structure (verbal): As a dehydrated blend, no single molecular structure applies; upon dissolution in water, components exist as solvated small molecules/ions (e.g., sugars, amino acids/peptides, phosphate, magnesium, sodium) typical of Rhizobium media (literature)

Notes

• Item‑specific composition, component grades, and presence/absence of agar or dyes are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Rhizobium “YM/YEM” in the literature typically denotes yeast extract–mannitol medium optimized for rhizobial growth and colony morphology assessment.

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable. This product is a microbiological culture medium rather than a synthetic organic/inorganic reagent.

Guidance for users

• For chemical synthesis applications, select pure reagents or buffers tailored to the reaction chemistry. YM medium is unsuitable as a reaction solvent or reagent.
• If your workflow includes chemical labeling of bacterial biomolecules, perform synthesis steps separately and use sterile, compatible buffers/media for downstream biological work.

Target Specificity

This product is not an antibody or affinity reagent; classical immuno‑style target specificity does not apply.

Microbiological scope (literature, general)

• Designed to favor cultivation of Rhizobium/Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) and related rhizobia by providing mannitol (as a typical carbon source) and growth factors; however, it is not inherently selective and may support growth of other non‑fastidious bacteria.

Item‑specific selectivity enhancers (dyes, antibiotics) and validated organism panels are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.