Yeast Extract Agar - BioReagent

Cat. No.: Y1528416

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Visão geral

For determination of total bacterial count in water (ISO)

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

BioReagent

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Room temperature

Enviado em

Normal

Grau

BioReagent

Product Line

Produtos biológicos

Application Protocols

No item-specific, validated protocols are provided in the Product Data. The following is general literature guidance to be adapted to your SOP:

• Plate preparation (general):
  1. Weigh dehydrated medium per your formulation. 2) Add to purified water. 3) Heat with stirring until fully dissolved. 4) Autoclave (e.g., 121 °C, 15 min). 5) Cool to ~45–50 °C, add sterile supplements if required, and pour 20–25 mL per 90-mm plate. 6) Allow to solidify and dry plates before use.
• Spread plating for enumeration (general):
  • Plate appropriate sample dilutions (100 µL), spread with a sterile spreader, allow absorption, incubate under method-defined conditions, and count CFUs.
• Streak isolation (general):
  • Use a sterile loop for quadrant streaking to obtain isolated colonies. Incubate as required and verify purity by re-streaking.
• Quality checks (general):
  • Include positive-control organisms for growth-promotion verification as defined in your method. Record pH, clarity, and sterility checks of freshly prepared plates.
• Note: Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for any lot-specific directions.

Biological Roles

• Functional roles of components (general, literature):
  • Yeast extract: rich source of peptides, free amino acids, vitamins (notably B-complex), nucleotides, and trace minerals that serve as co-factors and precursors in central metabolism. Supports biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in a wide range of microorganisms, including fastidious heterotrophs.
  • Peptone/tryptone: provides oligopeptides and amino acids that enter microbial metabolism via transporters and peptidases, fueling the TCA cycle and anabolic pathways.
  • Agar: an essentially non-metabolizable polysaccharide for most bacteria and yeasts, forming a firm gel that spatially separates colonies and enables aerobic growth at the surface.
• Microbial physiology context (general):
  • On non-selective, nutrient-rich agars, many organisms exhibit shorter lag phases and higher colony-forming efficiency compared to minimal media, aiding recovery of stressed or injured cells.
  • Colony morphology (size, pigmentation, edge/texture) on yeast-extract–based agar can reflect differences in exoenzyme secretion, motility, and pigment biosynthesis, providing qualitative phenotypic readouts.
• Limitations:
  • As a complex medium, exact concentrations of growth factors are undefined, which can complicate quantitative physiology studies; for such work, defined/synthetic media are preferred. Additives (antibiotics, indicators) should be validated for compatibility.

Buffer Applications

This product is a nutrient medium, not a discrete buffering agent.

• Context (general):
  • Yeast Extract Agar, when prepared, typically has a near-neutral pH set by the formulation and water quality. While the medium exhibits some buffering capacity due to peptides and phosphate (if present), it is not used as a primary buffer system.
• Practical note:
  • If a specific buffered environment is required (e.g., phosphate-buffered, MOPS-buffered), incorporate the buffer into the formulation using validated recipes and confirm final pH after sterilization. For item-specific pH/recipe, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Although Yeast Extract Agar is not a solvent or reagent traditionally scrutinized for green metrics, sustainability considerations apply to media preparation and use.

• Resource and waste considerations (general):
  • Prefer dehydrated media (this product) over pre-poured plates to reduce shipping weight/volume and packaging waste.
  • Prepare only the volume needed; store unused dehydrated powder tightly sealed to extend shelf life and minimize waste.
  • Consolidate autoclave runs to reduce energy/water consumption; use validated 121 °C, 15 psi sterilization cycles appropriate for load size (literature guidance).
• Component sourcing (general):
  • Where possible, select media components with documentation on responsible sourcing (e.g., agar harvested under sustainable practices). Supplier certifications vary; not specified for this item.
• Comparative notes (general):
  • For lower energy use, consider steam sterilization at scale versus repeated small-batch sterilization. Alternatively, filtration is not applicable due to agar; sterilization requires heat.
• End-of-life:
  • Autoclave used plates and dispose according to institutional biosafety and local regulations. Explore biowaste-to-energy streams if available.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic claims are made. Research and QC-related roles only.

• Typical roles in pharmaceutical/biotech laboratories (general):
  • Environmental monitoring and bioburden testing: Non-selective recovery of heterotrophs from surfaces, air, and water samples where mild, nutrient-rich agars are appropriate per internal SOPs or compendial guidance (method-dependent).
  • Raw material and in-process control: Culturing of adventitious environmental organisms during method development or facility qualification.
  • Strain maintenance for microbial hosts used in research and development.
• Standards and compliance:
  • Specific pharmacopeial status or harmonized test compatibility is not specified for this item; verify against USP/EP/JP or internal method requirements.
• Advantages/considerations:
  • Supports a broad spectrum of organisms; minimal inhibitors; clear gel for colony visualization. For selective/differential needs, choose media formulated accordingly or supplement as validated.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific properties
  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Density, BP/MP, refractive index, UV cutoff, residual metals: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Nature of material: Dehydrated, multi-component blend; single-point thermophysical constants (BP/MP) are not defined for mixtures of this type.
• Solubility (general, literature):
  • Disperses in water; agar requires heating to near boiling to dissolve fully. Upon cooling (~45–50 °C), solutions gel into firm plates. Solubility in organic solvents is poor due to the polysaccharide matrix and peptide content.
• Agar gel behavior (literature, component-level):
  • Agarose/agar melts typically near ~85–95 °C and gels at ~35–40 °C (hysteresis), enabling sterilization by autoclave followed by plate pouring at ~45–50 °C. These are properties of the agar component, not item-specific specifications.
• pH (prepared medium, literature):
  • Many yeast-extract–based agars are adjusted near neutral (often ~pH 6.8–7.2 at 25 °C, literature). The exact pH target for this item is not specified; consult CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Moisture content and gel strength: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade
  • BioReagent: Suitable for general laboratory and biochemical/microbiological applications. BioReagent-grade media components are typically produced under controlled conditions to minimize contaminants that interfere with research assays.
• What BioReagent implies (general):
  • Consistent performance in microbial culture workflows, with attention to background fluorescence/UV absorbance and inhibitory residues. However, exact acceptance criteria (e.g., growth promotion test organisms, gel strength, pH of prepared medium, moisture/ash) are manufacturer-specific.
• Recommended quality checks (general, not item-specific):
  • Growth Promotion Tests (GPT) with representative organisms (e.g., S. aureus, E. coli, yeasts) to confirm fertility and selectivity (non-selective medium).
  • pH of prepared medium at 25 °C, clarity, gel strength, and lot-to-lot consistency.
  • Microbial bioburden of the dehydrated powder and endotoxin are sometimes monitored depending on application; criteria are not specified for this item.
• Item-specific specifications (if required by your method): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for lot-specific targets (pH, GPT results, moisture, gel strength).

Reaction and Applications

As a culture medium, Yeast Extract Agar is used in microbiological workflows rather than chemical reactions.

• Core applications (general, research use):
  • Cultivation and maintenance of a broad range of environmental and laboratory microorganisms that prefer a non-selective, nutrient-rich solid medium.
  • Enumeration (plate counts) of heterotrophic microorganisms in samples such as water, food, and environmental swabs, where a mild, yeast-extract–supplemented agar supports recovery of stressed cells (method-dependent).
  • Strain isolation and colony morphology assessment due to clear, firm gel and low selectivity.
• Rationale for use:
  • Yeast extract provides readily assimilable nitrogen, vitamins (B-complex), nucleotides, and growth factors that promote robust colony development.
  • Peptone/tryptone contributes peptides and amino acids; agar provides a non-nutritive gel matrix with minimal inhibitory compounds.
• Practical tips (general):
  • Fully dissolve medium by heating; sterilize by autoclaving. Cool to ~45–50 °C before pouring to minimize condensation and prevent thermal kill of heat-labile supplements (if any).
  • Dry plates (covered, at room temperature or in a laminar flow cabinet) before use to reduce surface moisture and prevent colony spreading.
  • Validate incubation temperature and time for target organisms; the medium is non-selective and may recover mixed flora unless selective agents are added (method-permitting).

Reaction Conditions

Chemical reaction conditions are not applicable. For this product, practical conditions relate to medium preparation and microbial cultivation.

• Preparation conditions (general, literature):
  • Reconstitute in purified water; heat with stirring until the agar dissolves completely. Sterilize by autoclaving (typical: 121 °C, 15 psi, ~15–20 min; validate for load/volume). Cool to ~45–50 °C, optionally add sterile supplements, and pour plates.
• Incubation (general guidance; method-dependent):
  • Inoculated plates are incubated at temperatures appropriate for target organisms (e.g., many environmental bacteria 25–30 °C; mesophilic lab strains often 30–37 °C). Incubation time typically ranges 24–72 h depending on organism and method.
• Expected outcomes:
  • Non-selective recovery with well-separated colonies when plates are properly dried and streaked/spread. For enumeration, choose sample dilutions that yield 30–300 CFU/plate per established methods.
• Note: These are literature practices; item-specific instructions are not provided here. Confirm against your SOP and CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the product SDS for authoritative hazard information.
• General handling guidance (good laboratory practice):
  • Avoid creating dust/aerosols; handle in a well-ventilated area. Use appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, disposable gloves.
  • When preparing media, heat carefully to avoid bumping/boil-overs. Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks and recently autoclaved bottles.
  • Microbiological safety: Prepared plates will support microbial growth. Practice aseptic technique and handle cultures according to your biosafety level (BSL) and institutional policies. Decontaminate surfaces and waste (e.g., autoclave used plates/broths) after use.
• Incompatibilities (general):
  • Strong oxidizers may degrade organic components. Store away from moisture to prevent caking and premature hydrolysis.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Inhalation of dust: move to fresh air; seek medical advice if irritation persists. Skin/eye contact: rinse with water. Ingestion: rinse mouth; seek medical attention as appropriate.
• Fire safety: Organic solids can burn. In case of fire, use water spray, CO2, dry chemical, or foam as appropriate. Refer to SDS for details.

Solvent Selection

This product is a dehydrated microbiological medium and is not used as a solvent.

• Applicable medium for reconstitution (general):
  • Purified water (e.g., ASTM Type I/II or equivalent) is typically used to rehydrate and dissolve the medium prior to sterilization.
• Miscibility and polarity: Not applicable. The mixture is water-based upon preparation; organic solvents are not recommended for media preparation.
• Practical tips (general):
  • Heat with stirring to fully dissolve the agar component. Avoid overheating to dryness.
  • Adjustments (if method requires) such as pH or supplementation should be made prior to sterilization and validated for your application.
• If solvent selection is your focus, see other catalog sections. For this product, prioritize the sections on Reaction & Applications (microbiology) and Storage & Reconstitution.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage (item-specific):
  • Storage Conditions: Room temperature (per Product Data). Keep container tightly closed in a dry place. Protect from moisture to prevent caking and degradation. Shipped: Normal.
• Stability (item-specific):
  • Specific shelf life and permissible humidity are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Avoid prolonged exposure to high humidity and direct sunlight.
• Reconstitution and sterilization (general, literature):
  • Disperse the measured powder in purified water. Heat with stirring until the agar component dissolves completely (clear solution). Adjust pH if required by your method. Sterilize by autoclaving (typical cycle: 121 °C, 15 psi, ~15–20 min; validate per load/volume).
  • After autoclaving, cool to ~45–50 °C before pouring plates. For heat-labile supplements (e.g., antibiotics), sterile-filter the supplement separately and aseptically add after cooling.
• Storage of prepared media (general):
  • Store poured plates inverted at 2–8 °C in sealed sleeves or bags to minimize dehydration. Allow plates to equilibrate to room temperature and dry briefly before use. Monitor for contamination, dehydration, and changes in pH/clarity.
• Freeze–thaw guidance:
  • Do not freeze dehydrated powder. Freezing of prepared agar plates is not recommended as it compromises gel integrity.
• Always consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and your SOP for lot-specific preparation and storage details.

Structure and Identity

Yeast Extract Agar is a complex, dehydrated culture medium blend rather than a single, well-defined compound.

• Item-specific identifiers
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable for complex mixtures.
• Composition overview (general, literature):
  • Contains yeast extract (soluble peptides, amino acids, vitamins B-complex, nucleotides), peptone/tryptone (protein hydrolysate), and agar (galactose-based polysaccharide gelling agent). Exact ratios vary by manufacturer/grade.
• Structural features (descriptive):
  • Heterogeneous mixture of biogenic small molecules and peptides (from yeast extract/peptone) dispersed in a polysaccharide matrix (agar) upon hydration and cooling. No single 2D chemical structure represents the product.
• Intended use: Dehydrated microbiological medium base for preparation of solid plates to cultivate and enumerate diverse microorganisms (research use only).

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable as a chemical building block or reagent.

• Context:
  • Yeast Extract Agar is a prepared medium for microbiology and does not participate as a reactant, catalyst, or solvent in synthetic organic or inorganic chemistry. For synthetic workflows, refer to dedicated reagents, solvents, catalysts, and building blocks.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, probe, or targeted affinity reagent. It is a non-selective culture medium intended to broadly support growth of many heterotrophic microorganisms under appropriate conditions.