Cyanines are formally compounds with two nitrogen atoms linked by an odd number of methene units. 26 28 The nitrogen atoms are parts of the heterocyclic units (such as indole, benzoxazol, or benzothiazol). The structures and optical properties of representative cyanine dyes used for in vivo imaging are presented. Cyanines are characterized by long wavelength, tunable absorption and emission, very high extinction coefficient (up to 300,000 M 1 cm 1), good water solubility, and relatively straightforward synthesis .
In Vitro
1.Protein Preparetion 1) In order to obtain the best labeling effect, please prepare the protein (antibody) concentration as 2 mg/mL. 2) The pH value of protein solution shall be 8.5±0.5. If the pH is lower than 8.0, 1m sodium bicarbonate shall be used for adjustment. 3) If the protein concentration is lower than 2 mg/ml, the labeling efficiency will be greatly reduced. In order to obtain the best labeling efficiency, it is recommended that the final protein concentration range is 2-10 mg/mL. 4) The protein must be in the buffer without primary amine (such as Tris or glycine) and ammonium ion, otherwise the labeling efficiency will be affected. 2.Dye Preparation (Example for CY3-NHS ester) Add anhydrous DMSO into the vial of CY3-NHS ester to make a 10 mM stock solution. Mix well by pipetting or vortex. 3.Calculation of dye dosage The amount of CY3-NHS ester required for reaction depends on the amount of protein to be labeled, and the optimal molar ratio of CY3-NHS ester to protein is about 10. Example : assuming the required marker protein is 500 μL 2 mg/mL IgG (MW=150,000), use 100 μL DMSO dissolve 1 mg CY3-NHS ester, the required CY3-NHS ester volume is 5.05 μL, and the detailed calculation process is as follows: 1) mmol (IgG) = mg/mL (IgG) ×mL (IgG) / MW (IgG) =2 mg/mL × 0.5 mL / 150,000 mg/mmol= 6.7×10 -6 mmol\n2) mmol (CY3-NHS ester) = mmol (IgG) × 10 = 6.7×10 -6 mmol×10 = 6.7 × 10 -5 mmol\n3) μL (CY3-NHS ester) = mmol (CY3-NHS ester) ×MW (CY3-NHS ester) / mg/μL (CY3-NHS ester) = 6.7 ×10 -5 mmol ×753.88 mg/mmol / 0.01 mg/μL = 5.05 μL (CY3-NHS ester) 4.Run conjugation reaction 1) A good volume of freshly prepared 10 mg/mL CY3-NHS ester is slowly added to 0.5 mL protein sample In solution, gently shake to mix, then centrifuge briefly to collect the sample at the bottom of the reaction tube. Don'tmix well to prevent protein samples from denaturation and inactivation. 2) The reaction tubules were placed in a dark place and incubated gently at room temperature for 60 minutes at intervals.For 10-15 minutes, gently reverse the reaction tubules several times to fully mix the two reactants and raise the bar efficiency. 5.Purify the conjugation The following protocol is an example of dye-protein conjugate purification by using a Sephadex G-25 column. 1) Prepare Sephadex G-25 column according to the manufacture instruction. 2) Load the reaction mixture (From \Run conjugation reaction\) to the top of the Sephadex G-25 column. 3) Add PBS (pH 7.2-7.4) as soon as the sample runs just below the top resin surface. 4) Add more PBS (pH 7.2-7.4) to the desired sample to complete the column purification. Combine the fractions that contain the desired dye-protein conjugate. Attention: 1.CY dyesis sensitive to light and humidity. Immediately addCY dyesrsolution and discard the unused part. 2. Low concentrations of sodium azide (≤3 mM or 0.02%) or thiomersal (≤0.02 mM or 0.01%) did not significantly interfere with protein labeling; However, 20-50% glycerol will reduce labeling efficiency. 3. Avoid buffering with primary amines (e.g., Tris, glycine) or ammonium ions,Itcompete with labeled proteins. 4. This product is only for scientific research by professionals, and shall not be used in clinical diagnosis or treatment, food or medicine. 5. For your safety and health, please wear lab coat and disposable gloves. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Form:Solid
