Hookworm Morphological Observation Experiment
Hookworm Morphological Observation Experiment
This experiment is from the official website of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University.
Operation method
Hookworm Morphological Observation Experiment
Principle
Hookworm is a generic term for nematodes of the family Hookwormidae, which are characterized morphologically by well-developed oral sacs. There are two main species of hookworms that parasitize humans: the duodenal hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale) and the American hookworm (Necator americanus). Hookworms parasitize the human small intestine. Eggs are excreted with feces, and under the right conditions in the soil, the rod-shaped larvae hatch and develop into filarial larvae, which are infectious and can penetrate the human skin and cause infection, and the transmission pathway is related to fresh manure fertilization and farming practices. The larvae follow the bloodstream to the lungs and then to the small intestine where they develop into adult worms. There is a significant difference in the adult morphology of the duodenal hookworm and the American hookworm, while the eggs are similar. Move I. Self-observation hookworm egg Identification of the two adult hookworm species Hookworm of the duodenum Hookworm of the Americas Duodenal hookworm mouthparts American hookworm mouthparts copulation (esp. of animals) copulating umbrella Hookworms bite the intestinal mucosa For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
Hookworm egg slide specimen: hookworm eggs oval, thin transparent shell, size similar to fertilized roundworm eggs, eggs contain 4 to 8 cells, in the feces of constipated people, the egg cells can be divided to the mulberry stage or has developed into a larva. 
Find the eggs first with low magnification (the aperture should also be reduced when looking for eggs), move the eggs to the center of the field of view, and then switch to high magnification.
II. Demonstration
1. Fertilized Ascaris lumbricoides eggs with deproteinized membrane, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs sometimes shed the outer protein membrane due to physical or chemical factors and become deproteinized Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, which are often colorless and transparent, with smooth shells, and easy to be confused with the hookworm eggs, which should be differentiated to avoid misdiagnosis. (see table)
Identification points Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides with deproteinized membranes Hookworm eggs Eggshell thicker thinner Oocyte 1 4 to 8 Gap between shell and oocyte Crescent-shaped gap at each end of the oocyte The oocyte is surrounded by gaps of varying sizes.
2. Hookworm adult slide specimen: adult body elongated, body wall slightly transparent, anterior end slightly dorsally tilted, with a well-developed oral vesicle, the ventral margin of the oral vesicle with hook teeth or plate teeth. The female has a straight caudal end. In males, the caudal end is enlarged, and the antennal cortex is extended to form a symphysis, with a pair of symphysis spines. The main points of differentiation between the two hookworm adults are shown in the table below. (see table)
Points of differentiation Duodenal hookworm Hookworms of the Americas Size comparatively large Smaller ♀ bugs about 1 cm, ♂ bugs less than 1 cm body shape Head and body curved in a uniform, "C" shape Head and body curved in opposite direction, "S" shape Oral cavity Contains two pairs of hooked teeth Contains a pair of semilunar plate teeth ♂♂ intersecting spines Two, separated at the ends Two, ends united into a barb ♀ tail sting with No
Note: ♀ represents females ♂ represents males 
3. A gross specimen of adult hookworm parasitizing the intestinal mucosa, noting the hookworm's bite on the intestinal mucosa with its teeth. 
4. The filarial larvae of hookworms are third-stage larvae of hookworms that are infective, also known as infective larvae, with the mouth closed, the esophagus lengthened, the tail end of the worm pointed and thin, and the outside of the body often clothed with the old skin shed by the second-stage rodent larvae.
5. Hookworm life history (bottle specimen), note the hookworm in the human parasitic parts, infection stage and mode of infection.
6. Heterophilia, a characteristic symptom of hookworm patients.
Severe hookworm disease patients often have abnormal food phenomenon, preferring to eat raw rice, hair, cotton, peppercorns, peanut skins, torn paper, tobacco oil, charcoal, stove soil, pot ashes, tile and other things.
Heterophilic patient, male, 38 years old, hookworm egg count 5200/mb, Hb30%, preferred to eat red tile, stove soil and raw rice.
Heterophilic patient, male, 52 years old, hookworm egg count 9900/mb, Hb 17%, prefers red loose stones.