How to Extend Fragrance Longevity in Personal and Home Care Products: Fragrance Structure, Surface Deposition, and Release Modulation

1 Why Many Personal and Home Care Products Smell Fragrant but Do Not Last After Use

Many personal and home care products encounter the same issue during development: they smell very fragrant from the bottle and have a noticeable scent during use, but after rinsing, towel-drying, air-drying, or standing for a period of time, the fragrance quickly weakens. Common solutions include increasing the fragrance dosage, choosing a heavier fragrance profile, adding essential oils, or using encapsulated fragrance. These methods can sometimes be effective, but they are not always consistently effective. This is because fragrance longevity is not determined solely by the amount of fragrance added, nor by a single base-note material or controlled-release technology.

Fragrance longevity in personal and home care products is essentially a continuous process: fragrance molecules must first remain in the product or on the target surface, then be released at an appropriate rate, and the released concentration must reach the level of human olfactory perception. A strong scent upon opening only indicates that some highly volatile aroma components are easily released; a strong scent during use does not necessarily mean the fragrance will last after drying. A product with good fragrance longevity should deliver a well-balanced fragrance experience when opened, during use, after rinsing, after drying, and after friction.

2 The Underlying Logic of Fragrance Longevity: Retain It, Release It Slowly, and Make It Perceivable

2.1 Retain It: Deposition Is the Prerequisite for Fragrance Longevity

After fragrance is added to a personal or home care product, it does not automatically remain on the skin, hair, or fabric. This is especially true for rinse-off products such as shampoos, body washes, and laundry detergents. During use, a large portion of the fragrance may be carried away by water flow, foam, and the surfactant system. If fragrance molecules do not deposit on the target surface, there will be no source for sustained release afterward. Therefore, for rinse-off products, the key to fragrance longevity is how much of the fragrance components, fragrance oil droplets, or fragrance capsules can remain on the target surface after use.

For hair and fabrics, cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, silicone phases, oil phases, and film-forming systems may all help fragrance deposition. For leave-on products, the emulsification system, oil-phase ratio, film-forming properties, and solvent evaporation rate can influence how long the fragrance remains on the skin surface.

2.2 Release It Slowly: Release Rate Determines Fragrance Duration

People can smell fragrance only after aroma molecules enter the air. However, once fragrance enters the air, it also means that it is being lost from the product or target surface. If release is too fast, the fragrance will be strong at the beginning but will fade quickly later. If release is too slow, the fragrance may still remain on the surface, but consumers may not be able to perceive it. The key to designing long-lasting fragrance is to allow the fragrance to release continuously at an appropriate rate.

Top-note materials are usually highly volatile and are suitable for providing the scent upon opening and the fresh impression at the beginning of use. Base-note materials usually evaporate more slowly and are more lipophilic, making them more likely to remain on skin, hair, fabrics, or in the oil phase. Therefore, they are more suitable for providing the residual dry-down scent after drying.

2.3 Make It Perceivable: Residue Does Not Equal Effective Fragrance Longevity

Heavier or less volatile materials do not necessarily create effective fragrance longevity. Some low-volatility materials may remain for a long time, but if their diffusion is weak or their olfactory threshold is high, consumers may not clearly perceive them. Effective fragrance longevity requires three conditions to be met at the same time:

Core Stage	Key Question	Significance for Formulation
Retain it	Can the fragrance deposit onto the skin, hair, fabric, or product matrix?	Determines whether there is a source for subsequent release
Release it slowly	Can the fragrance avoid rapid one-time evaporation?	Determines how long the fragrance lasts
Make it perceivable	Does the released concentration reach the olfactory perception level?	Determines whether consumers actually perceive the fragrance

3 The Relationship Between Top, Middle, and Base Notes and Fragrance Longevity

Fragrances are usually divided into top notes, middle notes, and base notes. This classification mainly describes how a scent is perceived at different stages over time. For personal and home care products, the significance of top, middle, and base notes lies in helping design the fragrance release curve.

Comparison Dimension	Top Notes	Middle Notes	Base Notes
Main role	Provide the scent upon opening and the fresh impression at the beginning of use	Form the main fragrance body and usage memory	Provide the dry-down residual scent and a sense of longevity
Volatility characteristics	Evaporate relatively quickly	Medium evaporation rate	Evaporate relatively slowly
Common olfactive directions	Citrus, green, watery, mint, light floral, aldehydic	Floral, fruity, herbal, soapy, soft powdery	Musky, woody, amber, sandalwood, resinous, vanilla, balsamic
Contribution to fragrance longevity	Enhances the first impression, but usually has weaker persistence	Connects the top and base notes and maintains the integrity of the fragrance profile	Builds the dry-down residue and long-lasting fragrance backbone
Risk of overuse	Harsh scent, fast dissipation, increased irritation impression	Overly full fragrance, muddy main body	Dull scent, heavy powderiness, excessive sweetness, or suppression of freshness
Design focus	Fresh, bright, not overpowering	Clear fragrance profile with natural transitions between top and base notes	Long-lasting, soft, and moderately diffusive

A good fragrance for personal and home care products should allow the top, middle, and base notes to form a continuous olfactive evolution, enabling consumers to experience a stable and pleasant scent before use, during use, and after use.

4 Four Key Methods to Extend Fragrance Longevity in Personal and Home Care Products

4.1 Optimize the Fragrance Structure: Build the Longevity Backbone with Base-Note Materials

Fragrance structure is the foundation of longevity design. To improve fragrance duration, the first step is to check whether the fragrance contains enough base-note materials with low volatility, low olfactory threshold, and moderate diffusion. Common longevity backbone directions include musks, woods, amber, sandalwood, resins, vanilla, powdery notes, and balsamic materials. These materials are generally more likely to retain scent in the dry-down stage and are an important basis for extending fragrance longevity.

However, base-note materials should not be evaluated only by whether they are “heavy” or “long-lasting.” It is also necessary to consider whether they match the product fragrance profile and usage scenario.

Material Direction	Role in Fragrance Longevity	Usage Considerations
Musks	Increase a soft, clean, skin-like residual scent	Pay attention to regulatory, environmental, and olfactive differences among different musk materials
Woody amber materials	Improve diffusion and dry-down presence	Excessive dosage may make the scent dry or sharp and suppress the main fragrance body
Sandalwood materials	Add warm, creamy-woody, and soft texture	May easily change the direction of the product fragrance profile
Resinous and balsamic materials	Increase body, sweetness, and base-note depth	May affect color, transparency, and allergen labeling
Powdery and vanilla materials	Add softness and a skin-friendly impression	Excessive dosage may make the scent too sweet or overly powdery
Lactones	Help extend the residual scent of fruity, creamy, and coconut directions	Excessive dosage may create a food-like or heavy impression

4.2 Improve Surface Deposition: Make the Fragrance Truly Remain at the Target Location

For rinse-off products, deposition ability is often more important than fragrance dosage. If the fragrance cannot adhere to the surface of the skin, hair, or fabric, it will be difficult to achieve long-lasting fragrance after rinsing, even if the product smells very strong in the bottle. Deposition can be improved from three directions.

① Use cationic conditioning systems. Hair and fabric surfaces are usually somewhat negatively charged. Cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, or cationically modified polysaccharides can help fragrance oil droplets, conditioning ingredients, or fragrance capsules adhere to the target surface.

② Use hydrophobic phases to carry fragrance. Many base-note fragrance materials are relatively lipophilic and tend to partition into oil phases, silicone phases, emulsified oil droplets, or hydrophobic films. A properly designed oil-phase structure can reduce the proportion of fragrance that is carried away all at once by the aqueous phase.

③ Control the encapsulating effect of surfactants on fragrance. Surfactants can help disperse and solubilize fragrance, but they also alter the distribution of fragrance molecules among the water phase, micelles, oil phase, and target surface, thereby affecting fragrance release during use, rinse-off residue, and dry-down longevity. Excessive solubilization may reduce headspace release or increase the proportion carried away during rinsing, while moderate solubilization can also help product stability and fragrance blooming during use.

4.3 Use Controlled-Release Technologies: Enable Fragrance to Release in Stages

The role of controlled-release technology is to change the way fragrance is released. Through encapsulation, adsorption, or capsule formation, fragrance can reduce volatilization and oxidation during storage and then be gradually released after use through friction, humidity, temperature, diffusion, or mechanical rupture.

Common controlled-release approaches include encapsulated fragrance, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, starch or polysaccharide carriers, porous silica carriers, and polymer-embedded systems. Among these, encapsulated fragrance is widely used in fabric care products because fabric surfaces provide favorable deposition conditions, and wearing or friction can further trigger fragrance release. The use of encapsulated fragrance requires attention to the following issues:

Point of Attention	Reason for Its Impact
Transparency	Conventional micron-sized capsules scatter light and can easily cause cloudiness, milky appearance, or a suspended-particle effect
Particle size	Affects appearance, deposition, rupture behavior, skin feel, and release profile
Shell-material stability	pH, salts, surfactants, preservatives, and shear force may all affect capsule integrity
Deposition ability	If capsules cannot remain on fabrics, hair, or skin, it is difficult to achieve effective fragrance longevity
Regulations and environmental considerations	Synthetic polymer-based microcapsules need to comply with microplastic regulations and transition-period requirements in the target market

Microcapsules are more suitable for products that require friction-triggered release and dry-down fragrance longevity, such as fabric softeners, laundry detergents, scent boosters, and some hair care products. For transparent body washes, transparent hand washes, transparent fragrance sprays, and similar products, conventional microcapsules usually affect appearance. For transparent products, low-turbidity inclusion systems, transparent microemulsions, cyclodextrins, or other soluble carrier solutions are more suitable options.

4.4 Optimize the Formulation Environment: Reduce Fragrance Loss During Storage and Before Use

Fragrance is affected by the formulation environment within the product. Even if the fragrance itself has strong longevity potential, if the system causes the fragrance to volatilize, oxidize, hydrolyze, discolor, or become locked by excessive solubilization, the final fragrance longevity will still deteriorate. The formulation environment should focus on the following factors:

Factor	Impact on Fragrance Longevity	Optimization Direction
Highly volatile solvents	May enhance initial diffusion but may also accelerate the loss of light fragrance components	Control the proportion of ethanol and low-boiling solvents according to product needs
pH	Excessive acidity or alkalinity may affect the stability of fragrance, microcapsules, or active ingredients	Adjust to a range that is stable for the fragrance, system, and application area
Surfactant system	Affects fragrance solubilization, release, and rinse-off residue	Balance transparency, foam, mildness, and fragrance longevity
Light, heat, and oxygen	May cause oxidation, off-odor formation, fragrance fading, or increased sensitization risk	Control production temperature and choose light-protective, sealed packaging
Process shear	May damage microcapsules, emulsion structures, or fragrance dispersion state	Add fragrance at a low temperature as much as possible and avoid excessive homogenization
Packaging materials	Some aroma molecules may be adsorbed by packaging or lost through packaging permeation	Select packaging materials with low fragrance permeation and low adsorption

pH is not necessarily better when it is closer to neutral. Different products have different reasonable pH ranges. Hair care and cleansing products are usually weakly acidic, some cleaning products are alkaline, and skin care products need to balance skin tolerance with system stability.

5 The Effect of Essential Oils on Fragrance Longevity Depends on Their Specific Composition

5.1 Essential Oils Are Not Naturally Long-Lasting Fragrance Agents

Essential oils are complex mixtures composed of various volatile and semi-volatile components. Different essential oils vary greatly in evaporation rate, stability, odor intensity, and residual performance.

Citrus, mint, eucalyptus, rosemary, lavender, and similar essential oils often contain relatively high levels of terpenes, alcohols, and esters. Some of these components evaporate quickly and are suitable for providing fresh, natural, and bright top notes. They can improve the scent upon opening and the initial usage experience, but they do not necessarily extend dry-down fragrance longevity. To determine whether an essential oil contributes to fragrance longevity, it is necessary to examine the volatility, odor threshold, stability, and base-note contribution of its specific aroma components.

5.2 Base-Note Natural Fragrance Materials Can Improve the Residual Scent

Certain low-volatility, base-note natural fragrance materials or essential oils can indeed improve fragrance body and dry-down performance. Examples include patchouli, vetiver, sandalwood-type materials, benzoin, frankincense, myrrh, and labdanum. These materials contain more woody, resinous, earthy, balsamic, or sweet base-note components, which can help the fragrance maintain presence after drying.

The reason these natural materials are effective is that they contain low-volatility components that are more suitable for base-note performance. However, when used at excessively high levels, they may also cause darker color, muddier odor, heavier fragrance direction, and reduced stability.

5.3 Essential Oil Use Requires Evaluation of Stability and Sensitization Risk

The natural origin of essential oils does not mean they are more stable, nor does it mean they have lower safety risks. Some essential oil components are easily oxidized under the influence of light, oxygen, and heat. Common fragrance components such as limonene and linalool may form hydroperoxides after oxidation, increasing the risk of skin sensitization.

At the same time, essential oils also have batch-to-batch variation. Plant origin, harvest season, extraction process, and storage conditions can all affect essential oil composition. For personal and home care products, four aspects should be evaluated when using essential oils:

Evaluation Item	Specific Requirement
Contribution to fragrance longevity	Determine whether it mainly contributes to the top note, middle note, or base note
Stability	Evaluate light, heat, oxygen, pH, and compatibility with the system
Olfactive harmony	Avoid allowing the natural odor to disrupt the original fragrance structure
Compliance	Check fragrance allergen labeling, limits, prohibited or restricted substances, photosensitivity/phototoxicity risks, and relevant regulatory requirements

6 Fragrance Longevity Strategies Differ Across Personal and Home Care Products

Different products have different usage methods, and therefore the design focus for fragrance longevity also differs.

Product Type	Challenge for Fragrance Longevity	Design Focus
Shampoo, body wash, hand wash	Fragrance is easily carried away by water and surfactants during rinsing	Improve deposition and optimize the surfactant and conditioning systems
Conditioner, hair mask, hair oil	Hair surfaces provide greater opportunity for residue	Use cationic conditioning, silicone phases, and oil phases to carry fragrance
Laundry detergent	Washing and rinsing significantly reduce fragrance residue	Balance washing stability, fabric deposition, and microcapsule release
Fabric softener, scent boosters	These products are inherently more suitable for fabric deposition	Strengthen the base-note backbone, capsule deposition, and friction-triggered release
Body lotion, hand cream	These are leave-on products with longer residence time	Control the oil phase, film formation, base-note comfort, and skin tolerance
Fragrance spray	Fragrance is released directly into the air and onto surfaces	Balance solvent evaporation, diffusion, dry-down scent, and irritation impression
Hard-surface cleaner	Surface residue is low and fragrance evaporates easily	Focus on diffusion during use and short- to medium-term ambient fragrance

7 Effective Fragrance Longevity Design Should Focus on Four Issues

7.1 Whether the Fragrance Structure Has Base-Note Support

The fragrance needs a sufficient base-note backbone, including directions such as musk, woods, amber, sandalwood, resins, powdery notes, or balsamic notes. However, the base notes should not be overbuilt, otherwise they may affect freshness, transparency, and product comfort.

7.2 Whether the Fragrance Can Deposit onto the Target Surface

For rinse-off products, deposition is the prerequisite for fragrance longevity. If fragrance, oil droplets, or capsules cannot attach to hair, skin, or fabric, they will not produce true long-lasting fragrance.

7.3 Whether the Fragrance Release Rate Is Appropriate

Fragrance needs to be released continuously rather than evaporating all at once. Microcapsules, cyclodextrins, carrier adsorption, oil-phase carrying, and film-forming systems can all change the release rhythm, but they should be selected according to product appearance, usage method, and regulatory requirements.

7.4 Whether the Formulation and Packaging Reduce Fragrance Loss

pH, surfactants, solvents, light exposure, oxidation, heat, shear, and packaging materials can all affect fragrance stability. Fragrance longevity design requires evaluating the fragrance within the complete formulation, rather than judging it only on a smelling strip or in the fragrance bottle.

8 Representative Ingredients and Application Classification Table for Long-Lasting Fragrance in Personal and Home Care Products

Table 1 Fragrance Structure, Base-Note Backbone, and Fixative Materials

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Name	Specification or Purity	Product Features and Applications
Musk-type base-note longevity material	1222-05-5	H114632	Galaxolide	Analytical standard	A representative material for clean musk and soapy residual notes; can be used for residual scent evaluation, fragrance residue analysis, and formulation stability studies in detergents, fabric care, and personal care fragrances
Macrocyclic lactone musk longevity material	106-02-5	P160556	15-Pentadecanolide	≥98% (GC)	A soft macrocyclic musk material; can be used for skin-like residual notes, dry-down fragrance longevity on fabrics, residue studies in rinse-off products, and comparative research on musk materials
Macrocyclic musk longevity material	105-95-3	T101423	Musk T	≥98%	A soft, clean, and powdery musk material; can be used to build the longevity backbone of fragrances for personal care, fabric care, and household cleaning products, as well as for base-note stability experiments
Musky-woody base-note longevity material	33704-61-9	C345408	Cashmeran	≥98% (mixture of isomers)	A musky, woody, and warm odor material; can be used for studying dry-down fragrance body, spatial diffusion, skin-surface residue, and woody-musky residual notes
Ambergris-amber base-note longevity material	6790-58-5	A151758	(-)-Ambroxide	≥98% (GC)	An ambergris, amber, and woody odor material; can be used for long-lasting fragrance backbones, low-volatility residual notes, diffusion evaluation, and dry-down residue studies
Woody amber diffusion material	54464-57-2	I339124	Iso E Super	≥90%, mixture of isomers	A woody, amber, and transparent diffusive odor material; can be used for linking middle and base notes, enhancing fragrance spatiality, modifying soapy fragrance profiles, and studying fragrance release in personal and home care products
Cedarwood-type base-note material	19870-74-7	M102550	Methyl Cedryl Ether	≥96%	A cedarwood and amber odor material; can be used for woody residual notes, dry-down residue, fragrance fixation, and fragrance evaluation in fabric care
Dry woody amber base-note material	70788-30-6	H695553	1-(2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexyl)hexan-3-ol	≥95%	A dry woody, amber, and long-lasting residual-note material; can be used in high-longevity fragrance formulations, post-friction fabric fragrance studies, household cleaning residual notes, and base-note intensity testing
Sandalwood-woody base-note longevity material	65113-99-7	S695432	Sandal 210	Moligand™, ≥90%, isomeric mixture	A sandalwood, creamy-woody, and soft woody odor material; can be used for base-note construction, longevity comparison, and screening of sandalwood-type materials in personal care, skin care, and fabric care fragrances
Sandalwood-woody base-note longevity material	28219-61-6	E949843	2-Ethyl-4-(2',2',3-trimethylcyclopent-3'-enyl)but-2-enol	—	A sandalwood, creamy-woody, and soft woody odor material; can be used for base-note longevity design, sandalwood odor reconstruction, and sensory evaluation in personal care, body care, and fragrance products
Fixative solvent material	120-51-4	B400547	Benzyl Benzoate	≥99%, refined grade	Has both fragrance solvent and fixative properties; can be used for carrying middle- and base-note materials, regulating evaporation rate, fragrance residue experiments, and fragrance compatibility studies
Floral fixative material	118-58-1	B153106	Benzyl Salicylate	≥99% (GC)	A floral, sweet, and fixative material; can be used for base-note support, fragrance longevity testing, and allergen-related studies in floral personal care and fabric care fragrances
Balsamic fixative material	103-41-3	B101380	Benzyl Cinnamate	≥98%	A sweet, balsamic, and fixative material; can be used for base-note support, dry-down scent, and fragrance longevity evaluation in floral, resinous, and vanilla-like fragrances
Powdery tonka-type base-note material	91-64-5	C104161	Coumarin	AR, ≥98%	A powdery and tonka-like material with strong dry-down recognizability; can be used for residual scent memory points, powdery fragrance longevity, fragrance decay studies, and research related to regulatory limits in personal and home care fragrances
Vanilla-balsamic base-note material	121-33-5	V100115	Vanillin	AR, ≥99%	A vanilla, sweet, and balsamic odor material; can be used for residual-note body, sweet scent residue, fragrance oxidation stability, and fragrance release studies
Vanilla-balsamic base-note material	121-32-4	E107635	Ethyl Vanillin (NSC 1803)	Moligand™, ≥98%	A vanilla, sweet, and balsamic residual-note material; can be used for residual-note recognition, sweet scent residue, dry-down fragrance evaluation, and comparison of vanilla-type materials in personal and home care fragrances
Powdery-woody middle-to-base note material	127-51-5	I117486	Isomethyl Ionone 70	60–70%	A violet, powdery, and woody residual-note material; can be used for linking middle and base notes, powdery fragrance longevity, and dry-down sensory evaluation in personal care, body care, and fabric care fragrances
Oakmoss mossy-note reference material	4707-47-5	M117235	Methyl Atratate	≥98%	A component associated with mossy, woody, and phenolic odors; can be used for oakmoss/tree moss odor research, mossy-note reference, identification of natural fragrance components, and standard analysis
Fruity lactone residual-note material	104-67-6	U109751	Peach Aldehyde	≥98%	A peach, creamy, and fruity residual-note material; can be used for dry-down residue, fragrance decay, release-curve studies, and sensory evaluation in fruity personal and home care fragrances
Fruity lactone residual-note material	706-14-9	D101437	γ-Decalactone	≥98%	A peach, creamy, and fruity residual-note material; can be used for residual scent, fragrance decay, and dry-down evaluation in fruity personal care, fabric care, and body care fragrances
Fruity lactone residual-note material	705-86-2	D101425	δ-Decalactone	≥98%	A creamy, coconut, and soft fruity residual-note material; can be used for dry-down performance, residual-note modification, and release evaluation in fruity, creamy, and body care fragrances
Floral diffusion and middle-note bridging material	24851-98-7	M107529	Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, mixture of trans and cis isomers	≥96%	A transparent floral and diffusive material; can be used to connect top, middle, and base notes, and is suitable for fragrance evaluation during use, release-curve studies, and floral fragrance design for personal and home care products

Table 2 Natural Woody and Resinous Base Notes and Marker Components

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Name	Specification or Purity	Product Features and Applications
Natural sandalwood essential oil	8006-87-9	S485363	Sandalwood Oil	Natural	A natural sandalwood and creamy-woody odor material; can be used for natural base-note fragrance, longevity comparison, essential oil volatility, oxidation stability, and sensory evaluation of natural fragrance materials
Natural cedarwood base-note component	77-53-2	C154086	Cedrol	≥98% (GC)	A cedarwood, warm, and dry residual-note component; can be used for woody fragrances, quality evaluation of natural essential oils, dry-down residue, and cedarwood-type odor research
Natural cedarwood base-note component	77-54-3	C117681	Cedryl Acetate	≥97%	A cedarwood, soft woody, and fixative component; can be used for woody base notes, household cleaning fragrances, fabric care fragrance, and residual-note evaluation
Natural patchouli base-note marker component	5986-55-0	P1508195	Patchouli Alcohol	≥97%	A key odor component of patchouli oil; can be used for natural base-note fragrance, essential oil quality evaluation, woody-herbal residual notes, longevity comparison, and component analysis

Table 3 Deposition and Conditioning Auxiliaries

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Name	Specification or Purity	Product Features and Applications
Cationic cellulose deposition auxiliary	81859-24-7	P341830	Polyquaternium-10	Viscosity 300–500 mPa·s, 2% aqueous solution, 25°C	Can be used in rinse-off systems such as shampoos and body washes for studies on conditioning performance, fragrance residue, hair-surface deposition, polymer deposition efficiency, and compatibility with foaming systems
Cationic polymer deposition auxiliary	26590-05-6	P493185	Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride/Acrylamide Copolymer	5 wt.% in H₂O	Can be used for deposition studies of fragrance oil droplets, conditioning ingredients, or microcapsules in personal care systems, as well as for evaluating post-rinse fragrance longevity, surface adsorption, and film-forming behavior
Cationic conditioning deposition auxiliary	17301-53-0	N587655	Behentrimonium Chloride	≥80%	Can be used in systems such as conditioners, hair masks, and fabric softeners for studies on cationic adsorption, hydrophobic fragrance residue, fiber-surface fragrance longevity, and fabric care deposition

Table 4 Controlled-Release Encapsulation, Solvent Carriers, and Stability Protection Materials

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Name	Specification or Purity	Product Features and Applications
Natural colloid encapsulation wall material	9000-01-5	A108976	Gum Arabic	Hand-selected refined grade	Can be used for fragrance emulsification, spray drying, powdered fragrance preparation, encapsulation-release experiments, fragrance protection, and sustained-release studies
Powdered fragrance carrier	9050-36-6	M434571	Maltodextrin	Dextrose equivalent 5.0–8.0	A carrier for spray drying and powdered fragrance; can be used for fragrance protection, powder preparation, encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity, and release-behavior studies
Cyclodextrin inclusion material	7585-39-9	C104384	β-Cyclodextrin	≥98%	Can be used for inclusion of hydrophobic aroma molecules, powdered fragrance preparation, sustained-release models, fragrance release kinetics, and volatility control studies
Water-soluble cyclodextrin inclusion material	128446-35-5	H1510197	2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin	≥98%	Can be used for aroma molecule inclusion, sustained release in transparent or low-turbidity systems, volatility control, fragrance stability, and compatibility experiments in aqueous systems
Natural polysaccharide encapsulation material	9012-76-4	C105802	Chitosan	Medium viscosity, 200–400 mPa·s	A cationic polysaccharide material; can be used for fragrance encapsulation, film-forming deposition, microcapsule wall materials, surface adsorption, and release-behavior studies
Natural polysaccharide encapsulation material	9005-38-3	A434499	Sodium Alginate, from brown algae	Medium viscosity	An ionic-gel encapsulation material; can be used for fragrance microcapsules, sustained-release models, gel carriers, encapsulation efficiency, and controlled-release experiments
Fragrance solvent carrier	25265-71-8	D105105	Dipropylene Glycol, isomer mixture (DPG)	≥99%	A low-odor fragrance solvent; can be used for fragrance dilution, carrying base-note materials, regulating evaporation rate, formulation compatibility, and fragrance addition experiments in personal and home care systems
Fragrance solvent carrier	77-93-0	T106153	Triethyl Citrate (TEC)	≥98%	Can be used for fragrance dilution, carrying certain fragrance materials, low-odor solvent systems, evaporation regulation, and long-lasting fragrance formulation studies in personal and home care products
Fragrance solvent carrier	102-76-1	G103099	Triacetin	AR, ≥98.5%	Can serve as a fragrance solvent and fixative carrier; used for fragrance dilution, evaporation-rate regulation, fragrance release, solvent comparison, and formulation compatibility experiments
Oil-based fragrance carrier	110-27-0	I109490	Isopropyl Myristate	≥98%	A light oil ester carrier; can be used in leave-on products for fragrance spreading, oil-phase carrying, skin-surface residue, release behavior, and skin-feel evaluation
Antioxidant stabilizer	128-37-0	D104363	2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT)	Chemically pure (CP)	Can be used as one of the antioxidant stability research materials for essential oils, aldehydes, terpenes, and oil-phase fragrance systems; suitable for experiments on fragrance stability, storage-related off-odor formation, and odor changes before and after oxidation
Natural antioxidant stabilizer	1406-66-2	T1430706	Tocopherols	—	Can be used for antioxidant protection of essential oils and oil-phase fragrance materials; suitable for natural fragrance systems, storage stability, oxidative off-odor formation, and oil-phase formulation stability studies

Note: The above are representative Aladdin products related to scientific research, sensory reference, analytical testing, and formulation studies. They are not equivalent to production-grade fragrance raw materials that can be directly used in commercialized personal and home care products. Actual commercial formulations should be confirmed in combination with target-market regulations, applicable IFRA categories, SDS/COA, allergen declarations, impurity control, applicable grade, and supply-chain requirements. For more product specifications, grades, and COA information, search by “product name/CAS/catalog number” on the Aladdin official website.

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