Leukocyte classification and counting test
Leukocyte classification and counting test
The blood is made into a thin film smear with uniform cell distribution, stained with complex dyes, classified and counted according to the morphological characteristics of various types of leukocytes, and the relative ratio (percentage) is derived, and the changes in quantity, morphology, and quality are observed, which is of auxiliary diagnostic significance to the disease.
Operation method
Leukocyte classification and counting test
Principle
The blood is made into a thin film smear with uniform cell distribution, stained with complex dyes, classified and counted according to the morphological characteristics of various types of leukocytes, and the relative ratio (percentage) is derived, and the changes in quantity, morphology, and quality are observed, which is of auxiliary diagnostic significance to the disease.
Materials and Instruments
One slide, several clean slides, sterilized needles, 75% alcohol cotton balls, crayons, microscope paper, microscope, Roche dye, distilled water, microscope oil, xylene. Move I. Blood smear preparation Caveat 1. To avoid double counting, the slide should be moved from the edge of the blood film to the center in an up and down curve. 2. A total leukocyte count of more than 20 x 109/L should be categorized and counted at 200 cells. Multiple blood slides may be examined for blood films with markedly reduced leukocyte counts. Common Problems clinical significance For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
1. Sterilize the finger with a 75% alcohol cotton ball, prick the area with a sterilized needle, swab the first drop of blood, and then take a small drop of blood (the size of a grain of rice) and place it on one end of a clean slide.
2. Place one end of a clean slide in front of the blood drop, move the slide back slightly to make contact with the blood drop, let the blood drop spread evenly between the angle of the slide and the slide, and then push it to the other end smoothly without pressure at an angle of 30-45 degrees to make a homogeneous blood film slice (see Figure 41).
3. After the blood film is cooled and dried, put a drop of Rachel's stain on it to cover the whole blood film slice, and then double the amount of distilled water after about half a minute, shake the slide gently, and after 5-10 minutes, use clean water to wash away the stain on the slide slowly, and hold the slide flat when rinsing, so that the stain overflows from the edges of the slide to avoid the precipitate from attaching to the blood film and influencing the observation results of the identification. Air dry and sort.
Classification and counting
1. Put the stained and cool-dried blood slides under low magnification to observe the cell staining and distribution, and then classify them with oil microscope, and classify them according to a certain order (Fig. 42).
2. Note down the cells seen until the total number is 100, and calculate the percentage of each type of cell.
Reference values
Cell type Adult
Neutrophil
Rod-shaped nuclei 0.01-0.05 (1%-5%)
Lobulated nuclei 0.50-0.70 (50%-70%)
Eosinophils 0.005-0.05 (0.5%-5%)
Basophils 0-0.01 (0%-1%)
Gonocytes 0.20-0.40 (20%-40%)
Mononuclear cells 0.03-0.08 (3%-8%)
1. Increase
(1) Neutrophils: acute septic infections, granulocytic leukemia, acute hemorrhage, hemolysis, post-surgery, uremia, acidosis, acute mercury poisoning, acute lead poisoning, etc.
(2) Eosinophilic granulocytes: allergic reactions, parasitic diseases, certain skin diseases, certain blood diseases, post-surgery, burns, etc.
(3) Basophilic granulocytes: chronic granulocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, cancer metastasis, bismuth poisoning, etc.
(3) Lymphocytes: whooping cough, infectious mononucleosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, measles, mumps, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, etc.
(4) Monocytes: tuberculosis, typhoid fever, subacute infective endocarditis, malaria, black fever, mononuclear cell leukemia, recovery from acute infectious diseases, etc.
2. Reduction
(1) Neutrophils: typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, malaria, influenza, chemical poisoning, X-ray and radium irradiation, chemotherapy with anticancer drugs, extremely severe infections, remittent fever, granulocyte deficiency, etc.
(2) Eosinophils: typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and after application of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
(3) Lymphocytes: most common in the acute stage of infectious diseases, radiation diseases, cellular immunodeficiency.