Research on the cathepsin family is mainly used to elucidate mechanisms involving lysosomal proteolysis, antigen processing, cell death, matrix remodeling, and inflammatory responses. Members such as Cathepsin B, D, K, L, S, and G differ significantly in catalytic type, cellular localization, ...
Invertebrate oxygen carrier proteins are often large oligomeric complexes, combining stable metal-binding sites with abundant surface epitopes. Beyond oxygen transport, they are commonly used as strong immunogens, antigen carriers, and immune response-enhancing modules in immunology and vaccine ...
An immunologic adjuvant is an auxiliary substance administered together with an antigen or given in advance to enhance the magnitude and/or shape the quality of antigen-specific immune responses.
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