The BAFF pathway and the PD-1 pathway represent two typical directions in immune regulation by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The BAFF pathway mainly regulates B-cell survival, maturation, and autoantibody production, making it suitable for studies related to autoimmunity and abnormal ...
CTLA4 is a key negative regulatory molecule within the T-cell costimulatory network and participates in setting the threshold for initial activation, limiting clonal expansion, mediating Treg-dependent immunosuppression, and maintaining peripheral tolerance. Analysis of the CTLA4 pathway should ...
At the forefront of life sciences and biomedical research, immunopharmacological ligands, as key tools, are leading new breakthroughs and discoveries. Immune ligands are small molecules, antibodies, and cytokines that can precisely bind to important receptors, cytokines, and signaling pathways ...
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