AIE-GA , CAS No.2653341-16-1

CAS: 2653341-16-1 Cat. No.: A1450137 분자식: C₃₃H₂₅N₃O₂S 분자량: 527.64

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

개요

AIE-GA is a Golgi apparatus (GA) fluorescent probe (green channel: λex = 405 nm, λem = 500-700 nm). AIE-GA has a favourable binding ability to interact with COX-2. AIE-GA binds to the cyclooxygenase catalytic site of COX-2.

Specifications

보관 조건

Store at -20°C

배송

Ice chest + Ice pads

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이름과 식별자

• 분자량: 527.64

Application Protocols

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General laboratory protocols for AIE-type probes (for method development; not product-specific)

• Stock solution: Dissolve the solid in anhydrous DMSO (or suitable solvent) to 1–10 mM. Vortex and, if needed, briefly sonicate. Filter (0.2 µm PTFE) to remove particulates. Protect from light.
• Working solution (aqueous assays): Dilute the stock into buffered medium (PBS or HEPES) to reach final organic solvent ≤1% v/v. Optionally include 0.01–0.1% nonionic surfactant to stabilize dispersion. Allow 10–30 min for aggregate equilibration before measurements.
• Spectral characterization: Record UV–Vis (200–800 nm as appropriate) and fluorescence spectra (excitation scan and emission scan). Determine optimal excitation wavelength based on absorption and detector sensitivity.
• Titration/sensing experiments: Prepare a series of analyte concentrations; include blanks and matrix controls. Maintain constant ionic strength and temperature. Use replicates to assess precision.
• Imaging (if applicable): Optimize dye loading (e.g., 100 nM–10 µM range) and incubation time while monitoring cell health. Validate with orthogonal stains. Use appropriate filter sets and minimize photobleaching by limiting illumination.

Note

• These are starting-point practices. For AIE-GA specifically, follow any instructions on the CoA/Spec Sheet when available.

Biological Roles

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No biological function or target assignments are provided for AIE-GA. For research use only.

Literature/general context

• Synthetic AIE luminogens do not have intrinsic metabolic roles; rather, they serve as reporters in biological research when introduced exogenously. Their key advantage in bioenvironments is low background fluorescence in monomeric/dilute states and strong signal upon aggregation, binding, or restriction of intramolecular motion.
• When bearing appropriate functional handles (e.g., cationic groups for mitochondria association, sulfonates for aqueous solubility, NHS esters or maleimides for covalent bioconjugation), AIE probes can label biomolecules, organelles, or assemblies. Such features are compound-specific and are not confirmed for this item.
• In live-cell or fixed-cell assays, AIE probes may report on viscosity, polarity, or protein aggregation via emission intensity and wavelength shifts. Photostability can be superior to conventional ACQ-prone dyes, supporting longer imaging sessions (literature).

Practical considerations (general)

• Assess cytocompatibility and nonspecific binding empirically in your cell type and buffer conditions before advanced studies; dose-response and time-course are recommended.
• Validate colocalization with orthogonal markers to confirm biological interpretation of AIE signals.

Note

• No claims about biological targeting, permeability, or toxicity can be made for AIE-GA without structure-specific data. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or perform preliminary qualification experiments.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No buffer-related specifications or recipes are provided for this product.

Applicability

• AIE-GA is a research chemical and not a buffering agent. It is not intended to control pH. However, AIE luminogens are frequently used within standard biological buffers during imaging/sensing experiments.

General guidance for working buffers (not item-specific)

• Common buffers: PBS (pH 7.2–7.6), HEPES (pH 7.0–8.0), and Tris (pH 7.0–9.0) are typical media for biological assays. Buffer choice can influence aggregation and emission; HEPES often offers low background and good pH stability.
• Organic cosolvent: Keep DMSO or MeCN below 0.5–1% v/v when possible to reduce solvent effects; determine the minimal amount needed to maintain dispersion before inducing aggregation.
• Additives: Nonionic surfactants (e.g., Pluronic F-127, Tween 20) or proteins (BSA) can modulate aggregate size and nonspecific adsorption; optimize empirically.
• Ionic strength: Salt can screen charges and alter assembly behavior—titrate NaCl/Mg2+ as needed for reproducibility.

Quality control in buffers

• Filter buffers (0.2 µm) to reduce particulates that scatter light, and equilibrate temperature before spectral measurements.

Note

• For any specific buffer compatibility of AIE-GA, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or perform small-scale tests.

Green Alternatives

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No item-specific solvent or process recommendations are provided.

Greener practice considerations for AIE workflows (general)

• Solvent hierarchy: Prefer water-rich systems. When an organic cosolvent is needed, consider bio-based or lower-toxicity options where compatible with photophysics.

Comparison (general guidance; select per compatibility)

• Option: Water/EtOH mixtures vs DMSO/DMF
  • Sustainability: EtOH (bio-ethanol) is renewable and has favorable EHS; DMSO/DMF carry higher EHS burdens (DMF is reproductive toxin).
  • Performance: Some hydrophobic dyes require stronger solvents; test solubility and spectra.
• Option: 2-MeTHF or CPME vs THF/diethyl ether (for film casting/prep)
  • Sustainability: 2-MeTHF/CPME are greener ethers with lower peroxide formation and often better safety profiles.
  • Performance: Volatility/solvation differ; verify film morphology and emission.
• Option: MeCN replacement with acetone/EtOAc where feasible
  • Sustainability: Acetone/EtOAc generally score better in solvent guides; check dye solubility.

Process optimization

• Minimize solvent volumes with microplate formats and high-throughput mixing.
• Recycle organics via solvent recovery when purity is adequate for subsequent runs.
• Energy management: Room-temperature self-assembly/aggregation preferred over heated steps when possible.

Caveat

• Photophysical properties are solvent- and aggregate-dependent; confirm that greener substitutions do not compromise required sensitivity or emission profiles.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or GMP-related grade is provided for this item. For research use only.

Literature/general context

• AIE luminogens are being explored in pharmaceutical R&D as analytical tools: solid-form screening (reporting on polymorph/solvate formation), process analytics (viscosity/aggregation sensors), and formulation characterization (e.g., monitoring micelle/vesicle assembly). They can also serve as fluorescent tags for tracking delivery systems in preclinical research.
• In finished drug products, small-molecule fluorescent dyes may appear as trace markers or security features in packaging/anti-counterfeiting inks rather than as active excipients. Such applications are case-specific and require regulatory assessment.

Manufacturing considerations (general)

• If used in development workflows, ensure traceability of material identity (CoA, batch records) and control of residual solvents and impurities that might interfere with analytical methods.
• For device or diagnostic R&D, evaluate photostability under storage and use conditions relevant to the product lifecycle.

Regulatory note

• This product is not approved for human or veterinary use and is not intended for clinical or diagnostic procedures. Any translation of research findings into regulated contexts requires appropriate validation and compliance review.

Physical Properties

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Other specifications (melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, UV–Vis maxima, fluorescence quantum yield, logP, pKa, water content, metal/peroxide limits): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general characteristics for AIE luminogens (not specific to this item)

• Phase/appearance: Many AIE-active small molecules are crystalline or amorphous solids with vivid colors; some salts are hygroscopic.
• Thermal behavior: Often show melting points spanning ~80–300 °C depending on conjugation and substituents; amorphous materials can exhibit glass transitions (literature).
• Optical properties: Typically weak emission in good solvents; strong emission upon aggregation/solid-state. Emission maxima can range from blue to NIR contingent on donor–acceptor strength and conjugation length (literature). Absolute values must be measured for the specific compound and medium.
• Solubility: Stock solutions are commonly prepared in high-boiling polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF) or moderately polar organics (THF, MeCN) and then diluted into aqueous buffers with surfactants or cosolvents to induce aggregation for imaging/sensing (general practice).

Notes for users

• For quantitative optical work, determine extinction coefficient, quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime in your exact matrix (solvent fraction, pH, ionic strength, temperature) as these vary strongly with aggregation state.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Interpreting quality for luminogens and research dyes (general guidance)

• Purity metrics: For optical probes, HPLC/UPLC area % and residual solvent profile are critical; colored/fluorescent impurities can skew spectra and quantum yields. HRMS/NMR should confirm identity; elemental analysis may be informative for salts.
• Absorbance background: Low baseline in the application-relevant spectral window is important for analytical assays; vendors may supply UV–Vis traces—review if available.
• Stabilizers: Some dyes include stabilizers or counterions to enhance shelf-life or solubility. If present, these should be disclosed on the CoA/Spec Sheet. Absence of disclosure here means Not specified for this item.
• Batch-to-batch verification: For imaging or sensor calibration, qualify each lot by recording absorption/emission spectra and quantum yield under your assay conditions to ensure reproducibility.
• Water/metal specifications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. When working at low concentrations, trace metals or water can influence photophysics and bioconjugation.

Documentation

• For regulated or validated workflows, retain CoA, SDS, and any spectral/photometric characterization provided. Where necessary, request additional QC data (chromatograms, spectra, residual solvent analysis) to satisfy method requirements.

Reaction and Applications

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Manufacturer applications: Not specified for this item.

Literature/general applications of AIE luminogens

• Fluorescence imaging and sensing: AIE systems are widely used as “turn-on” probes where aggregation is induced by analyte binding, viscosity increase, protein interaction, or polymerization. Useful in microenvironment mapping and particulate tracking in complex media.
• Solid-state emitters: High solid-state quantum yields enable OLED emitters, down-conversion layers, and security inks with minimal aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ).
• Materials analytics: Emission changes can report on polymer curing, mechanical stress (mechanochromism), or crystallization processes.
• Bioassay development: When appropriately functionalized, AIE probes support wash-free staining and low-background assays due to minimal solution-phase emission.

Practical tips (general)

• Stock and dosing: Prepare concentrated anhydrous stocks; add to aqueous media to final organic content ≤1% v/v when possible to minimize solvent effects.
• Aggregation control: Modulate water fraction, surfactant type, ionic strength, or macromolecular crowding to tune aggregate size and emission.
• Photophysics: Record excitation–emission matrices across solvent fractions; determine optimal excitation to avoid inner-filter effects.
• Calibration: For sensing, generate response curves vs analyte concentration in the exact matrix; include blanks and potential interferents.

Note: Without structure-specific functional groups disclosed for AIE-GA, claims about target-selective sensing or conjugation chemistry cannot be made here.

Reaction Conditions

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No reaction condition data are provided for this item.

Literature/general guidance (only applicable if AIE-GA bears suitable functional groups; not confirmed here)

• Cross-coupling (Suzuki–Miyaura): Aryl halide/boronate pairs; Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd(dppf)Cl2; bases K2CO3/Cs2CO3; solvents dioxane/H2O, toluene, DMAc; 60–100 °C; inert atmosphere.
• Knoevenagel condensations: Aromatic aldehyde with active methylene compound; base (piperidine or ammonium acetate/acetic acid); solvents EtOH, toluene, or DMF; rt–100 °C.
• Amide coupling: HATU/EDC·HCl with DIPEA in DMF/DMF–DCM; 0–25 °C; monitor for dye aggregation that may impede mixing.
• Click chemistry (CuAAC): Azide–alkyne coupling with CuSO4/sodium ascorbate or CuBr/ligand systems in tBuOH/H2O or DMSO/H2O; rt; protect from light.
• Bioconjugation (if NHS ester/maleimide present): pH 7.5–8.5 (amines) or pH 6.5–7.2 (thiols) in PBS/HEPES; 0.5–2 h; remove excess by gel filtration.

Photophysical experiment conditions (general)

• Spectroscopy: Use optically dilute solutions (A < 0.1) to avoid inner-filter effects; correct for solvent background.
• Aggregation studies: Water fraction titrations (fw 0–90%); equilibrate 10–30 min; record emission vs fw to map AIE behavior.

Note

• These conditions are generic references from literature and may not apply to AIE-GA without confirming its functional groups.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific (Product Data)

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Storage: Store at −20 °C.
• Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.

General safety guidance (not product-specific; defer to SDS)

• PPE: Laboratory coat, safety glasses or chemical splash goggles, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves. Handle powders/solids in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of dust or solvent vapors.
• Incompatibilities: Many organic luminogens are sensitive to strong oxidizers/reductants and strong acids/bases. Avoid contact with bleaching agents and radical initiators unless intended. Protect from light to preserve photophysical integrity.
• Thermal/light sensitivity: Dyes and conjugated chromophores often degrade under prolonged UV/visible exposure and elevated temperature; minimize light exposure and store cold and dry.
• Peroxide risk: Not typically associated with the dye itself; however, common solvents (e.g., THF, diethyl ether) can form peroxides—monitor and manage solvent quality.
• First aid (overview): In case of skin/eye contact, rinse with water for 15 min and remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists. If inhaled, move to fresh air; if swallowed, rinse mouth and obtain medical advice. Always consult the SDS for authoritative instructions.

Waste disposal

• Dispose of solutions/solids as organic chemical waste per institutional and local regulations. Avoid release to drains.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No item-specific solubility or solvent recommendations are provided. Refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general guidance for AIE luminogens

• Stock preparation: Often prepared at 1–10 mM in anhydrous polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO, DMF, NMP) or moderately polar organics (THF, MeCN) to ensure dissolution prior to aggregation-driven studies.
• Working media: To trigger aggregation and AIE, inject stock into water, aqueous buffers (PBS, HEPES), or polymer/surfactant media (Pluronic F-127, SDS, CTAB) to reach poor-solvent conditions.
• Miscibility and control: Tune water/organic ratios (e.g., water fraction fw from 0 to 90%) to map emission turn-on vs aggregation; use sonication or rapid mixing to ensure uniform aggregate formation.
• Alternatives when water incompatibility arises: Use alcohol/water mixtures (EtOH–H2O, iPrOH–H2O) or solvent-switch crystallization for films.
• Drying/quality: Employ anhydrous solvents for reproducibility; filter through 0.2 µm PTFE to remove particulates before optical measurements.

Quick comparison (general)

• DMSO: High solvating power; miscible with water; can increase background at >1% v/v.
• DMF: Similar to DMSO but more volatile; handle moisture carefully.
• THF: Good organic solvent; promotes fast mixing; peroxidizable—test regularly.
• MeCN: Lower viscosity; useful for titrations; weaker for very hydrophobic dyes.

Note: Establish solvent choice empirically for this compound; measure spectra vs solvent fraction.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Storage conditions: Store at −20 °C.
• Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.

General handling guidance (not item-specific; align with typical dye best practices)

• Light and moisture protection: Store in an amber, tightly sealed container with desiccant. Minimize freeze–thaw and exposure to ambient humidity.
• Aliquoting: Upon first opening, divide into single-use aliquots under dry, inert atmosphere if possible. This limits moisture ingress and oxidative degradation.
• Reconstitution: If the compound is a solid, prepare a concentrated stock in anhydrous DMSO, DMF, or other compatible solvent based on small-scale solubility tests. Label aliquots with concentration, solvent, and date.
• Working solution stability: Many luminogens are stable for hours to days in buffered aqueous media but can slowly aggregate or photooxidize. Prepare fresh working solutions before use and protect from light during experiments.
• Freeze–thaw: Avoid repeated cycles; store aliquots at −20 °C. Thaw at room temperature in the dark and reseal promptly.

Records and QC

• Document lot number, preparation dates, and any observed changes in color or fluorescence over time. If performance drifts, re-verify spectra and consider preparing a fresh stock.

Note

• Any stabilizer content, exact reconstitution solvent, and shelf-life for AIE-GA are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Product name: AIE-GA (SKU: A1450137)
• CAS: 2653341-16-1
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general context

• “AIE” commonly denotes aggregation-induced emission luminogens: molecular chromophores that are weakly emissive in dilute solution but strongly fluorescent in the aggregated/solid state due to restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM).
• Without a provided structure, specific functional group annotations (e.g., donor–acceptor motifs, heteroatoms, ionic groups) cannot be confirmed for this item.

How to describe the 2D structure (general guidance)

• AIE luminogens frequently feature: aromatic/heteroaromatic rings, rotatable aryl–aryl linkages, and substituents that tune electronic push–pull character. Common scaffolds include tetraphenylethylene (TPE), distyrylanthracene (DSA), and triphenylamine (TPA) families, among others (literature).
• If the structure for AIE-GA is supplied on the accompanying CoA/Spec Sheet, identify: ring count and fusion, presence of donor (e.g., dialkyl amino) and acceptor (e.g., cyano, carbonyl, pyridinium) groups, stereochemistry/atropisomerism, and any reactive handles (e.g., NHS ester, maleimide, azide, alkyne) that enable bioconjugation.

Identity best practice

• Cross-verify CAS, structure file, and labeling via NMR, HRMS, and HPLC/UPLC purity on receipt as needed for regulated or quantitative workflows.

Synthetic Utility

Item-specific (Product Data)

• Structural functional groups enabling synthesis or conjugation are not disclosed for this item; no specific reactivity claims can be made.

Literature/general utility of AIE luminogens

• Modular design: Many AIE scaffolds are built from cross-coupling (Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira) and condensation reactions (Knoevenagel) to install donor–acceptor motifs and extend conjugation.
• Post-functionalization: Typical handles (not confirmed for this item) include aryl halides, boronates, aldehydes, amines, carboxylates, azides, and alkynes for further derivatization or bioconjugation (CuAAC, NHS esterification, amide coupling).
• Material integration: AIE dyes can be embedded in polymers through copolymerization of vinyl-bearing derivatives or by grafting onto backbones to produce turn-on mechano/solvatochromic materials.
• Solid-state optics: Bulky peripheral groups or twisted cores reduce π–π stacking, preserving high solid-state emission—useful in device layers and powders.

Best practices (general)

• Purification: Use chromatographic methods compatible with strongly colored/fluorescent species (avoid silica-induced tailing by adding base or switching to neutral alumina where needed).
• Characterization: Combine NMR, HRMS, and HPLC with absolute quantum yield and lifetime measurements to fully document optical performance.

Note

• For AIE-GA specifically, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for any reactive handles or protecting groups before planning synthetic elaboration.

Target Specificity

Item-specific (Product Data)

• No antibody/bioreagent targeting information, clone, isotype, or species reactivity is provided for this product.

Applicability

• AIE-GA is supplied as a chemical compound in the life science category. Without disclosed biorecognition elements (e.g., peptide, antibody, aptamer), target specificity cannot be claimed.

General note

• If the supplied product includes a targeting ligand (not specified here), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for target name, binding affinity, and validation data. Otherwise, any observed specificity in biological systems is likely due to physicochemical partitioning or environment-sensitive emission rather than designed molecular recognition.