FK614 - 10mM in DMSO , Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator, CAS No.193012-35-0, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator

CAS: 193012-35-0 Cat. No.: F656584 분자식: C₂₁H₂₃Cl₂N₃O₃S 분자량: 468.40 PubChem CID: 9869229

GRADE & PURITY 10mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

개요

FK614 is an orally active, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD) type, and selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARM). FK614 functions as a PPARγ agonist with potent anti-diabetic activity in vivo. FK614 has different effects on the activation of PPARγ at each stage of adipocyte differentiation. FK614 can be used for the research of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes

In Vitro

FK614 (0.1~10000 nM; 24 hours; CV-1 cells) activates PPARγ-dependent transcription in a concentration-dependent manner. FK614 (0~0.1 μM; 5 days; 3T3-L1 adipocytes) makes triglyceride content increased in a concentration-dependent manner. FK614 has different effects on the activation of PPARγ at each stage of adipocyte differentiation. FK614 is an insulin sensitizer potentially for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. FK614 is a non-TZD insulin sensitizer. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

FK614 (0.32~3.2 mg/kg; p.o.; 14 days) dose-dependently reduces plasma glucose level. FK614 (0.1~10 mg/kg; p.o.; 14 days) improves the impaired glucose tolerance. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Animal Model: db/db Mice Dosage: 0.1~10 mg/kg Administration: P.o. Result: Improved the impaired glucose tolerance. Animal Model: db/db Mice Dosage: 0.32~3.2 mg/kg Administration: P.o. Result: Dose-dependently reduced plasma glucose level.

IC50& Target:PPAR-γ

Specifications

사양 및 순도

10mM in DMSO

생화학 및 생리적 메커니즘

FK614 is an orally active, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD) type, and selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARM). FK614 functions as a PPARγ agonist with potent anti-diabetic activity in vivo. FK614 has different effects on the activation of PPARγ at each stage of adi

보관 조건

Store at -80°C

배송

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

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작업 유형

MODULATOR

작동 메커니즘

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator

제품 특성

ALogP

5.3

이름과 식별자

이성체 SMILES

CCCCCS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C

대체 CAS

193012-35-0

PubChem CID

9869229

MeSH 용어

3-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-N-(pentylsulfonyl)-3 H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide;FK614 cpd

분자량

468.40

Application Protocols

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Tested applications, recommended conditions, and dilutions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Important

  • Only use protocols validated for your equipment and assay system. When adapting literature procedures for FK614, verify solubility, stability, and vehicle tolerance before full experiments.

Biological Roles

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • No biological target(s) or pathway annotations are provided in the item record.

• Literature context (not item specification; verify primary sources)

  • FK614 is reported in the literature as a small-molecule modulator used to probe nuclear receptor–mediated transcription and metabolic signaling pathways. Researchers have used it to study gene expression programs relevant to lipid/glucose metabolism and adipocyte biology via reporter assays, qPCR, and phenotypic readouts. Consult peer-reviewed references for definitive target annotation, potency, and selectivity profiles.

• Experimental considerations (general)

  • Establish a concentration–response curve to determine cellular potency under your assay conditions; potency may shift with protein levels, serum, and time of exposure.
  • Assess off-target liabilities by counter-screens (e.g., cytotoxicity, orthogonal readouts) and by testing in cells lacking the putative target pathway.
  • Consider compound interference in optical assays (fluorescence/absorbance); run compound-only controls.

• Research use only

  • This product is supplied strictly for research use. No medical, diagnostic, or clinical applications are implied or supported.

Buffer Applications

FK614 is not a buffering reagent and is not used to prepare pH buffer systems. For biological experiments, it is typically dissolved in an organic stock solvent (commonly DMSO) and then diluted into an existing buffer or cell culture medium.

• Practical guidance (general)
  • Add the compound stock slowly to vigorously mixed buffer/media to prevent local supersaturation and precipitation.
  • Maintain consistent vehicle concentration across all experimental groups. Typical DMSO tolerances in cell assays are ≤0.1–0.5% v/v, but verify for your cell type and endpoint.
  • If precipitation is observed, consider adding a small percentage of co-solvent, adjusting temperature, or pre-warming media before dilution.

Green Alternatives

• Context

  • FK614 is a discrete bioactive small molecule used as a research probe; substitution with a “greener” chemical is generally not applicable in the way it is for solvents or bulk reagents.

• Where green choices can still apply (general)

  • Solvent system for preparation and dilution: prefer ethanol or water-based formulations where compatible with solubility and assay biology. Minimize DMSO and avoid DMF unless necessary.
  • Process considerations: use minimal quantities, scale experiments appropriately, and select microplate formats that reduce solvent and plastic waste.

• Example comparison for stock/dilution solvents (general guidance)

  | Option | Greenness/Regulatory | Pros | Cons | |---|---|---|---| | Water (with surfactant) | Best | Nonflammable, benign | Solubility often limited for hydrophobic scaffolds | | Ethanol | Preferred over aprotic dipolar | Renewable sources available, volatile for easy removal | Lower biocompatibility at higher %; can denature proteins | | DMSO | Acceptable in small % | Excellent solvency, widely used in screening | Not biorenewable; potential cellular effects; hygroscopic | | DMF/PEG400 | Less preferred | Strong solvency | Toxicity/viscosity concerns; assay interference |

• Bottom line

  • Focus green optimization on solvent choice, scale, and waste minimization. The compound FK614 itself does not have a greener “drop-in” alternative when its specific bioactivity is required.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial/excipient role or manufacturing monograph is provided for this catalog item. FK614 is offered for laboratory research use only.

• General notes (non-clinical, non-therapeutic)
  • Small-molecule research probes like FK614 may be utilized in preclinical discovery settings (in vitro/in vivo) to interrogate targets and pathways. Any formulation or dosing details are outside the scope of this product entry and must be sourced from the primary literature and institutional review practices.
  • This product is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

Physical Properties

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Other physicochemical specifications (bp, mp, density, solubility, logP, pKa, refractive index): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature/general guidance (not item specifications)

  • Many bioactive small molecules akin to FK614 are hydrophobic and are routinely handled as concentrated DMSO stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) and subsequently diluted into aqueous assay buffers. Confirm actual solubility with a small-scale test as FK614-specific solubility data are not provided here.
  • Aqueous solubility can often be improved by co-solvents (≤1–2% DMSO or ethanol in the final assay), inclusion of nonionic surfactants (e.g., 0.01–0.1% Tween-20), or pH adjustment where chemically appropriate. Perform compatibility checks with the target assay system.
  • Hygroscopicity and polymorphism can influence handling and apparent solubility; if the CoA notes hydration or solvate form, adjust calculations accordingly.

• Practical notes

  • Perform a small “solubility ladder” test (e.g., DMSO, ethanol, DMF, acetonitrile) before scale-up. Visual inspection plus analytical confirmation (HPLC) is preferred to detect microprecipitation.
  • Use amber vials or wrap containers if the compound is reported light-sensitive in the CoA/SDS (not specified here).

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• What grade means (general guidance)

  • Research-use small molecules are typically supplied at a stated chemical purity (e.g., HPLC area %) with identity confirmed by NMR and/or MS. Low-level residual solvents, inorganic residues, or isomeric impurities may be present depending on synthesis and purification. Because item-specific values are not provided here, consult the CoA for actual test results, methods, and acceptance criteria.

• Considerations for bioassays

  • For target-modulation studies, both chemical purity and solid-form homogeneity (polymorph/solvate) can influence potency and reproducibility. If the CoA lists multiple lots or alternative forms (salt vs. free base), normalize by molecular weight and note any counterion.
  • Chromatographic baseline absorbance (UV cutoffs) and fluorescence background can be critical for optical assays. If such data are not available, perform a blank titration of solvent-only and compound-only controls.

• Suggested incoming QC (user-side; general best practice)

  • Record appearance, perform quick LC–MS for mass/retention time, and run 1H NMR if feasible for identity. For critical work, consider water content by Karl Fischer if hygroscopicity is suspected.
  • Retain lot-specific CoA with experimental records to support traceability.

Reaction and Applications

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Manufacturer Applications: Not specified for this item.

• Applicability to chemical synthesis

  • FK614 is supplied as a bioactive small molecule for research use rather than as a general synthetic reagent or catalyst. It is not typically selected as a solvent, reagent, or intermediate in routine organic synthesis workflows.

• Research use scenarios (general for small-molecule tools)

  • Target/pathway modulation in cell-based or biochemical assays to explore mechanism-of-action hypotheses.
  • High-content or high-throughput screening as a reference compound or as part of focused libraries when structure and activity relationships are investigated.
  • Orthogonal assay confirmation: use in multiple readouts (reporter gene assays, qPCR of target genes, protein translocation, or lipid accumulation staining) to mitigate assay artifacts.

• Practical tips (general)

  • Confirm identity and purity before use in quantitative assays. Prepare fresh dilutions for each experiment to minimize freeze–thaw stress.
  • Include vehicle controls and, where relevant, reference standards for benchmarking. Evaluate potential fluorescence/absorbance interference by running compound-only wells under assay conditions.

• Note

  • Any specific enzyme/receptor applications for FK614 should be sourced from primary literature and the product CoA; such details are not provided in this listing.

Reaction Conditions

This section is typically relevant to reagents used in chemical synthesis. FK614 is provided as a finished small-molecule probe, not a reagent for promoting or undergoing standard named reactions in user workflows.

• If engaging in custom synthesis/derivatization (general, literature-based practices)
  • Solvents: anhydrous polar aprotics (DMF, DMSO, NMP), alcohols, or acetonitrile as suited to the specific transformation and functional groups in the scaffold (structure not provided here).
  • Temperatures: ambient to 120 °C depending on coupling/condensation reactions; use sealed tubes or microwave reactors when appropriate.
  • Catalysts/bases: Pd cross-coupling systems, copper-mediated couplings, or amide-bond formations with carbodiimides/uroniums as dictated by the scaffold.
  • Workup: quench carefully, extract into suitable organic phase, and purify by silica or RP-HPLC. Confirm identity and purity by NMR/LC–MS.

Because FK614’s structure and functionality are not specified in this listing, users should refer to the primary literature/CoA before planning any chemical transformations.

Safety and Handling

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • GHS Classification, Signal Word, H-Statements, and Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.
  • Storage Conditions: Store at −80 °C.
  • Shipping: Dry ice packs + cold packs.

• General laboratory safety (always defer to SDS for authoritative guidance)

  • PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves. Handle powders and stock solutions in a fume hood to minimize inhalation and exposure.
  • Avoid ingestion, inhalation of dust/aerosols, and skin contact. Wash thoroughly after handling. Prevent environmental release.
  • First aid (general): If inhaled—move to fresh air; if on skin—wash with soap/water; if in eyes—rinse with water for several minutes, remove contacts if easy; if ingested—rinse mouth. Seek medical attention for persistent symptoms. Bring SDS when obtaining care.

• Handling practices for bioactive small molecules (general)

  • Prepare and open vials at room temperature to limit condensation, then promptly return to −80 °C. Use desiccation and inert atmosphere if sensitivity is indicated in the CoA (not specified here).
  • Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks in a hood; filter sterilize if sterility is required for cell work. Limit final DMSO in biological assays (commonly ≤0.1–0.5%) to avoid solvent effects.

• Incompatibilities/instabilities (general)

  • Unknown for this specific item. Avoid strong oxidizers or acids/bases until stability is verified. Protect from heat and light as prudent practice. Always consult the item’s SDS/CoA for specific hazards.

Solvent Selection

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • No solvent compatibility/solubility data are provided for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General solvent strategy for bioactive small molecules

  • Primary stock solvent: anhydrous DMSO is most common due to broad solvency and compatibility with biological assays at low final percentages. Prepare concentrated stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) and store as single-use aliquots at −80 °C.
  • Alternative organic solvents: ethanol or acetonitrile may be acceptable for certain assays, though they can affect cells/enzymes at lower percentages than DMSO. DMF or PEG400 can be used sparingly when necessary but may complicate biological readouts.
  • Aqueous dilution: add compound-in-DMSO slowly to well-mixed buffer/media to minimize precipitation. Include a matching vehicle control for every condition.

• Practical comparison (general)

  • DMSO: highest solvency and chemical stability for many scaffolds; broadly tolerated up to 0.1–0.5% v/v in cells (assay-dependent).
  • Ethanol: greener, volatile, compatible in some biochemical assays; often limited to ≤0.1–0.2% v/v in cells.
  • Acetonitrile: miscible, low viscosity; may disrupt protein structure at modest percentages.

• Tip

  • Validate solubility visually and by analytical check (HPLC/UV) at working concentration. If precipitation is observed upon dilution, consider co-solvent strategies or lower top concentration.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Storage Conditions: Store at −80 °C.
  • Shipped In: Dry ice packs + Cold packs.

• General best practices (supplemental; not item specifications)

  • Reconstitution solvent: If not specified otherwise on the CoA/SDS, many researchers prepare bioactive small molecules as concentrated stocks in anhydrous DMSO. Verify FK614’s solubility and stability experimentally before committing valuable samples.
  • Aliquoting: Upon first receipt, allow the container to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation. Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw.
  • Light/moisture: Store in amber vials and under desiccation/inert gas if the compound is reported light- or moisture-sensitive (not specified here; consult CoA/SDS).
  • Handling: Keep time at ambient temperature to a minimum. Return unused material promptly to −80 °C. Record the number of freeze–thaw cycles and discard aliquots after excessive cycling or visible precipitation/degradation.
  • Stability checking: Periodically confirm integrity of long-stored stocks by LC–MS/HPLC and, if needed, by activity in a reference assay.

• For research use only

  • Not for human or veterinary use. Follow institutional chemical hygiene and waste disposal procedures.

Structure and Identity

Brief: FK614 is a cataloged small-molecule research compound supplied for screening and mechanistic studies.

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • SKU: F656584
  • Product Name: FK614
  • CAS: 193012-35-0
  • PubChem CID: 9869229
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general/literature context)

  • No structural string or depiction is provided in the item record. FK614 is referenced in the literature as a defined small-molecule scaffold; consult primary literature or the CoA for definitive structure.
  • 2D description (general): Without an InChI/SMILES, specific functional groups, ring systems, and stereochemical centers cannot be enumerated here. Users should verify identity by consulting the CoA and, if needed, confirming by NMR/LC–MS prior to critical experiments.

• Identity verification (general best practice)

  • Recommended orthogonal checks prior to use in screening: LC–MS for exact mass/retention time and 1H NMR for purity/identity. Where available, compare to reference spectra from vendor/primary literature.

Synthetic Utility

FK614 is supplied as a finished bioactive small molecule and is not generally employed as a reagent, catalyst, or synthetic intermediate.

• When synthetic derivatization is of interest (general guidance)

  • If structure is available from the CoA/literature, medicinal chemistry teams may explore analog generation to probe structure–activity relationships (SAR). Typical strategies include modifications of ring substituents, linker lengths, or heteroatom substitutions to modulate potency and ADME properties.
  • Protecting-group and cross-coupling tactics depend entirely on the disclosed scaffold (not provided here). If aryl halides or heteroaryl motifs are present, Suzuki–Miyaura, Buchwald–Hartwig, or Chan–Lam couplings are commonly used in analog synthesis (general statement).

• Analytical control (general)

  • Purification by reverse-phase prep HPLC and characterization by 1H/13C NMR, HRMS, and purity by analytical HPLC are standard for library-quality compounds.

• Bottom line

  • Treat FK614 as a final research probe rather than a building block. For synthetic applications, consult detailed structural information from the CoA and literature.

Target Specificity

• Item-specific (Product Data)

  • Specific biological target(s), binding constants, and selectivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature.

• Note

  • Any depiction of receptor/enzyme specificity must be sourced from the product documentation or peer-reviewed publications. Users should independently confirm target engagement under their assay conditions.