mPEG Progestrone, PEG Progestrone - MW 5000 Da

Cat. No.: m164003

등급 & 순도 MW 5000 Da

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

개요

Progesterone PEG derivatives are a class of bioactive steroid PEG conjugates that can be used to for drug discovery or bioassay development. Progesterone is a female sex hormone and is responsible for development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Pegylated progesterone have better water solubility and other enhanced properties.

사양

사양 및 순도

MW 5000 Da

보관 조건

Room temperature

배송

Normal

화학 및 물리적 특성

• 용해성: Yellow solid or viscous liquid depends on molecule weight;Soluble in regular aqeous solution as well as most organic solvents

Application Protocols

The following are general, literature‑based procedures for working with PEG–steroid amphiphiles. Adjust to your specific setup and validate experimentally. They are not product‑specific specifications.

1. Stock solution preparation

• Weigh the material quickly to minimize moisture uptake. Dissolve at 10–100 mg/mL in anhydrous DMSO or ethanol with gentle warming (≤40 °C) and vortexing. Filter (0.22 µm PTFE) if needed.

2. Thin‑film hydration to prepare micelles/vesicles

• Dissolve the conjugate (and any co‑lipids) in CHCl3/MeOH (2:1). Evaporate under reduced pressure to a uniform film. Desiccate 2–12 h. Hydrate with PBS or HEPES buffer at 25–40 °C while vortexing/sonicating. Optional: extrude through polycarbonate membranes to narrow size.

3. Nanoprecipitation

• Prepare a solution in acetone or THF (5–20 mg/mL). Inject into water or buffer (10–20× volume) under vigorous stirring. Remove organic solvent by evaporation or dialysis. Characterize size by DLS.

4. Binding/partition studies (progesterone motif)

• Prepare a DMSO stock and dilute into assay buffer to desired final concentration (keep DMSO ≤1–2% v/v). Include controls lacking the steroid conjugate. Analyze partitioning to liposomes or protein by fluorescence, HPLC, or LC–MS.

Notes

• Avoid prolonged exposure to basic pH if a carbonate linkage is suspected.
• For cell‑adjacent assays, sterile filter final dispersions and confirm endotoxin/background per institutional requirements.
• Confirm concentration by gravimetry or by measuring steroid chromophore after quantitative cleavage (method development standard).

Biological Roles

This section provides general background on the biological context of the progesterone moiety; it does not ascribe biological effects to this product in use. For research use only.

• Progesterone (literature background):
  • Endogenous steroid hormone central to reproductive physiology; ligand for nuclear progesterone receptors (PR‑A/PR‑B) and membrane‑associated progesterone receptors.
  • Steroid nucleus confers strong hydrophobicity and membrane affinity; carbonyl/enone features participate in receptor recognition.
• Impact of PEGylation (literature/general):
  • PEG attachment increases aqueous compatibility, reduces nonspecific protein adsorption, and can alter cellular uptake pathways.
  • The specific linkage (e.g., stable ether vs hydrolysable carbonate) influences whether the conjugate behaves as a stable amphiphile or a releasable pro‑moiety in biological media.
  • PEG length modulates hydrodynamic size and stealth properties; longer chains generally reduce opsonization in vitro models.
• Research uses leveraging biology (examples):
  • Model systems to study PR binding surfaces when the steroid is presented at interfaces or within micellar cores.
  • Membrane biophysics: Using steroid‑anchored PEG to probe raft association, membrane fluidity, or vesicle stability.

Caveats:

• Do not infer pharmacological activity from the conjugate; receptor accessibility can be attenuated by PEGylation and by the chosen attachment site.
• In vitro and in vivo activity depend on concentration, presentation, and linker stability; evaluate empirically under approved research protocols only.

Buffer Applications

This material is not a buffering reagent and does not form classical buffer systems. However, it is frequently handled and characterized in aqueous buffers for colloidal and biophysical studies.

Practical guidance (general):

• Stock solutions: Prepare in DMSO or ethanol, then dilute into buffer (e.g., PBS, HEPES, or Tris) under vigorous stirring to minimize local supersaturation.
• pH considerations: If the conjugate contains a hydrolysable carbonate/carbamate linkage (common in literature), avoid extended exposure to basic pH (>8) to limit cleavage; near‑neutral buffers (pH 6.8–7.4) are typical for assembly studies.
• Ionic strength: Salts can screen charges of co‑formulants and influence micellar size; assess by DLS across relevant ionic strengths (0–150 mM NaCl).
• Filtration: 0.22 µm sterile filtration is recommended for cell‑adjacent research; pre‑wet with solvent if needed to avoid adsorption losses.

Not applicable:

• Buffer capacity, pKa, and Henderson–Hasselbalch guidance do not apply to this product. For pH control, choose appropriate biological buffers and validate conjugate stability therein.

Green Alternatives

Greenness considerations for mPEG–Progesterone center on solvent choice, polymer origin, and end‑of‑life. The conjugate itself is a specialty amphiphile; alternatives focus on achieving comparable performance with reduced environmental impact.

• Solvent selection (preferable options):
  • Favor ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and water over chlorinated solvents for dissolution, film casting, and processing when feasible (performance permitting).
  • Use DMSO for stock solutions instead of DMF/NMP when appropriate due to lower regulatory concern, though all require proper disposal.
• Alternative amphiphiles (literature/general tradeoffs):
  • Polyglycerol–steroid conjugates: Bio‑based backbones, excellent aqueous compatibility; may differ in CMC and packing vs PEG.
  • Polysarcosine–steroid conjugates: Non‑ionic, PEG‑alternative with improved oxidative stability; synthetic route more complex.
  • MPEG–cholesterol vs MPEG–progesterone: Cholesterol anchors are widely studied and commercially common; biological interaction profile differs from progesterone.

Comparison snapshot (general, literature):

• Parameter | mPEG–Progesterone | mPEG–Cholesterol | Polyglycerol–Steroid
• Source/backbone | Petro/bio ethylene oxide | Same | Often bio‑derived
• Oxidative stability | Good | Good | Very good
• Regulatory familiarity | High for PEG | High for PEG | Moderate
• Self‑assembly | Micelles/vesicles | Robust lipid anchors | Tunable HLB

Process improvements:

• Replace halogenated casting solvents with EtOH/acetone blends where solubility allows.
• Employ minimal solvent volumes and recover via rotary evaporation/solvent recycling.
• Use aqueous nanoprecipitation to form particles, reducing VOC footprint.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made for this product. The following points describe formulation‑relevant, preclinical research contexts documented in the literature for PEG–steroid conjugates.

• Excipient‑like roles (research):
  • Amphiphilic stabilizer in liposomes, polymersomes, or micelles, where the steroid acts as a membrane anchor and the PEG chain confers steric stabilization and reduced protein adsorption.
  • Surface modifier for nanoparticles to modulate circulation‑mimicking behavior in in vitro models (stealth coatings) and to study ligand presentation.
• Pro‑moiety investigations:
  • Model polymer–drug conjugates in which hydrolysable linkages can release the steroid; used to understand how PEG length and linkage affect release in simulated media.
• Process considerations:
  • Casting or nanoprecipitation to prepare assemblies; compatibility with common pharmaceutical solvents (ethanol, acetone) is an advantage for greener processing.
  • Analytical controls include determination of free vs. bound steroid (HPLC), aggregate size (DLS), and residual solvents per internal lab criteria.

Regulatory notes:

• PEG is broadly used in approved products; however, this specific conjugate is provided strictly for research use only and is not manufactured to GMP.
• Pharmacopeial monographs do not generally cover bespoke PEG–steroid conjugates; rely on internal specifications and CoA for quality acceptance.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications are not provided for this catalog entry. The following notes summarize general, literature-based expectations for mPEG–steroid conjugates and are not product specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Literature: mPEG–steroid conjugates often appear as off‑white solids or viscous semi-solids depending on PEG MW.)
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Literature: defined by PEG average Mn plus steroid and linker; polydisperse, Đ ~1.05–1.20 for narrow cuts.)
• Melting range/softening: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Literature: increases and broadens with PEG length; many grades are waxy with broad softening.)
• Solubility (general, literature):
  • Highly soluble in polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF, NMP)
  • Soluble in alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, i‑PrOH) and acetone/acetonitrile to varying degrees
  • Dispersible and often water‑soluble above a critical aggregation concentration when PEG length is sufficient; forms micelles/colloids in aqueous buffers
  • Soluble in chlorinated solvents (CH2Cl2, CHCl3); limited solubility in hydrocarbons
• Partitioning behavior (literature): Amphiphilic; effective hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) increases with PEG chain length. Tends to self‑assemble in water.
• Viscosity (literature): Solution viscosity scales with concentration and PEG MW.
• Refractive index, density, logP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: Do not construe the above as specifications. For exact values and acceptance criteria (e.g., PEG Mn, Đ), consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. For polymer–drug conjugates, quality typically encompasses both small‑molecule purity and polymer attributes.

What to look for on the CoA/Spec Sheet (general, for mPEG–steroid conjugates):

• Average molecular weight (Mn or Mw) of the PEG segment and dispersity (Đ = Mw/Mn). Narrow dispersity improves batch‑to‑batch performance in self‑assembly and formulation work.
• Degree of substitution (DOS): Typically one steroid per mPEG chain for methoxy‑terminated materials; confirm by 1H NMR integration or MALDI/ESI MS (average).
• Residual reagents/solvents: Levels of catalysts, coupling agents (e.g., DCC/DMAP residues), and solvents (e.g., toluene, CH2Cl2) should meet internal limits.
• Identity confirmation: 1H/13C NMR (PEG methylene envelope ~3.5 ppm; steroid resonances diagnostic), IR (C=O stretches, C–O), and MS (average mass). For polymers, GPC/SEC traces with appropriate calibration.
• Water content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Karl Fischer moisture may be provided when relevant to performance.
• Stabilizers/inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. PEG conjugates typically do not require radical inhibitors; antioxidants may be used in some formulations.

Implications for use:

• Narrow Đ and defined DOS enhance reproducibility of micellization, CMC, and loading behavior.
• Trace acid/base can cleave labile carbonate linkages over time; verify stability in your intended solvent and pH window.

Reaction and Applications

While supplied as a finished conjugate, mPEG–Progesterone is widely used as a functional amphiphile and research tool in materials and biochemical studies.

Representative research applications (literature/general):

• Polymeric prodrug models: The PEG chain modulates solubility and circulation in model systems investigating steroid release and transport. Linkage chemistry (e.g., carbonate vs ether) governs hydrolytic stability and potential release kinetics.
• Self‑assembly: Forms micelles or nanoaggregates in water; the steroid core often drives hydrophobic domain formation. Useful for studying CMC, drug loading of co‑solubilized hydrophobes, and stimuli‑responsive disassembly.
• Membrane interaction probes: Progesterone motif engages steroid‑binding environments; conjugate serves to anchor PEGylated layers to membranes or liposomes for biophysical assays.
• Surface/interface modification: Adsorption or covalent immobilization yields PEGylated, steroid‑presenting surfaces to study receptor interactions or fouling resistance combined with a recognition motif.
• Delivery vectors: In formulation research, acts as a hydrophobic anchor in PEGylated liposomes, polymersomes, or mixed micelles to improve colloidal stability and control surface hydration.

Practical considerations:

• Characterize aggregation by DLS and zeta potential in your specific buffer and concentration range.
• Verify stability of the linker under intended pH/temperature; carbonate linkages are base‑labile and slowly hydrolyze at neutral pH over extended periods (literature generalization).
• Quantify loading of co‑formulated payloads via UV–vis or HPLC after separation (e.g., SEC or dialysis) to establish encapsulation efficiency and release profiles.

Reaction Conditions

No user‑side reaction is required to employ this product. For researchers preparing related conjugates or evaluating stability, the following literature‑general conditions are provided for context (not specific to this item).

Synthesis of mPEG–steroid conjugates (typical routes):

• Carbonate linkage: Activate mPEG–OH as mPEG–p‑nitrophenyl carbonate (CDI or p‑NPC chemistry), then couple to a steroidal alcohol (e.g., at C‑3 or C‑17) with catalytic DMAP/NEt3 in anhydrous CH2Cl2 or THF at 0–25 °C, 4–24 h. Purify by precipitation (cold Et2O) and/or dialysis.
• Ether linkage: Mitsunobu coupling (DIAD/PPh3) between mPEG–OH and a steroidal alcohol in THF/DMF at 0–25 °C; or Williamson ether synthesis using tosylated PEG under strong base (NaH) where compatible.
• Carbamate/urethanes: React mPEG–isocyanate (from mPEG–OH via CDI/DPPA routes) with steroidal alcohol/amine at 0–25 °C.

Stability testing (general):

• Hydrolysis assays across pH 5–9 at 25–40 °C; monitor release by HPLC (free steroid) and SEC (polymer shift).
• Oxidative stress screens (0.1–3% H2O2) are typically avoided for PEG but can assess robustness of the steroid core if needed.

Yields and kinetics:

• Reported isolated yields for carbonate couplings are commonly 60–90% depending on PEG MW and workup (literature).
• Hydrolysis half‑lives of carbonate linkages vary from hours to weeks depending on pH, temperature, and microenvironment.

Note: The exact linkage chemistry, spectral data, and acceptance criteria for this product are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety and Handling

Authoritative safety information resides in the product SDS. The following guidance is general and not a substitute for the SDS.

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H‑statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Anticipated hazards (general for PEG–steroid conjugates): Low volatility solids or semi‑solids; dust may cause mechanical irritation. Progesterone motifs can interact with endocrine receptors; avoid inhalation/ingestion and skin contact. For research use only.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE):
  • Lab coat, safety glasses or goggles, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile)
  • Use a fume hood when weighing, dissolving, or transferring powders/viscous materials
• Handling practices:
  • Avoid generating dust/aerosols. Use clean, dry tools; prevent moisture ingress if anhydrous handling is required for your application
  • Keep away from strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases that may degrade carbonate/ether linkages (general)
• First aid (general):
  • Skin: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
  • Eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention
• Spills and disposal:
  • Contain solids with inert absorbent; collect for disposal per institutional/municipal regulations
  • Avoid release to the environment; polymeric materials can persist
• Fire fighting: PEG segments are combustible; use water spray, CO2, dry chemical, or foam as appropriate; thermal decomposition may produce CO, CO2, and irritant fumes

Always consult the SDS for definitive hazard classifications and emergency measures.

Solvent Selection

This amphiphile combines a hydrophobic steroid with a hydrophilic PEG chain, enabling broad solubility and self‑assembly. Selection depends on task (stock solution, film casting, nanoparticle formation, bioconjugation screening).

• Polarity and miscibility (general, literature):
  • Highly soluble: DMSO, DMF, NMP, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, THF, alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, i‑PrOH)
  • Aqueous systems: Often dispersible/soluble depending on PEG length; can form micelles in water, PBS, or HEPES buffer. Small co‑solvent fractions (2–20% v/v DMSO/EtOH) can aid dissolution
  • Poorly soluble: Aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexanes) due to PEG polarity
• Choosing among solvents:
  • Stock solutions for bioassays: DMSO or EtOH are typical; sterile filtration through 0.22 µm recommended if used in cell‑based research
  • Film hydration/nanoparticle prep: CHCl3/MeOH or THF mixtures enable uniform thin films before aqueous hydration
  • Chromatography/characterization: CHCl3, CDCl3, DMSO‑d6 for NMR; HFIP or TFA‑modified solvent may sharpen PEG signals
• Practical tips:
  • Warm gently (25–40 °C) and vortex/sonicate to assist dissolution; avoid prolonged heating that may affect labile linkages
  • For aqueous work, pre‑dissolve in a water‑miscible organic solvent, then titrate into buffer under stirring to minimize aggregation

Comparison (general):

• DMSO: maximal solvency; fully miscible with water; easy serial dilution
• EtOH/i‑PrOH: greener, volatile, good for film casting; lower solvency than DMSO
• CH2Cl2/CHCl3: excellent for hydrophobic processing; not miscible with water; require evaporation before aqueous use

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (solid): Room temperature (per product data). Protect from moisture and excessive heat. Store in a tightly closed container, ideally under inert atmosphere or with desiccant if long‑term storage is anticipated.
• Shipping: Shipped at ambient temperature (per product data).
• Stability: Item‑specific shelf life and stability are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. In general, PEG conjugates are stable at ambient conditions when kept dry and protected from light; hydrolysable linkages can slowly cleave under humid or basic conditions.

Reconstitution (general guidance):

• Solvents: DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol, DMF, or mixtures with water, depending on application. Begin with a small volume of solvent to pre‑dissolve, then dilute to target medium under stirring.
• Concentrations: Common stock levels are 10–100 mg/mL for handling convenience; determine solubility empirically for your PEG MW and buffer.
• Filtration: For biological research, 0.22 µm sterile filtration is recommended after dissolution or after forming aqueous dispersions.
• Solution storage: For maximum stability, prepare fresh solutions as needed. If storage is required, aliquot to minimize freeze–thaw and store at −20 °C (general practice) in moisture‑tight vials; allow to warm to room temperature before opening to avoid condensation.

Documentation:

• Exact molecular weight, linkage identity, residual solvent limits, and analytical data are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for lot‑specific information.

Research use only.

Structure and Identity

Amphiphilic polymer–small molecule conjugate comprising a methoxy‑poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) chain covalently linked to the steroid hormone scaffold of progesterone. The exact linkage position and PEG average molecular weight are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Item name: mPEG Progesterone (also listed as mPEG Progestrone, PEG Progesterone)
• Core scaffold: Progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) – tetracyclic cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene steroid nucleus bearing two ketones
• Polymer segment: mPEG (–O–CH2–CH2–)n–OCH3; polydisperse by nature; average n (and thus MW) not specified for this item
• Linkage: Common literature linkages include carbonate, carbamate, or ether attachment from PEG to a hydroxyl‑bearing position on a steroid; the specific chemistry and substitution site for this item are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet
• Stereochemistry: Progesterone core contains multiple defined stereocenters (typical 8 chiral centers for pregnane framework); PEG segment is achiral but conformationally flexible
• Functional group features (general):
  • Hydrophobic steroidal framework with enone (Δ4-3-ketone) and a 20-ketone
  • Hydrophilic polyether chain terminated by a methoxy group
  • A single covalent junction between PEG and steroid (degree of substitution typically 1:1 in literature for mPEG–steroid conjugates)

Identifiers and exact composition

• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• CAS, InChIKey, SMILES, CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

As supplied, mPEG–Progesterone is primarily a functional amphiphile rather than a general synthetic building block. Nevertheless, understanding its chemical handles informs customization and analytical work.

• Functional groups (general):
  • PEG polyether backbone with terminal methoxy cap (non‑reactive) and a junction to the steroid via an ether, carbonate, or carbamate (specific linkage for this item not specified).
  • Steroid core bears ketones that are usually not involved in further transformations once conjugated; enone may be sensitive to strong nucleophiles/bases.
• Derivatization avenues (literature):
  • If the linkage is carbonate/carbamate, it is susceptible to base‑catalyzed cleavage; conditions can be tuned for deprotection/release studies.
  • Mixed‑micelle co‑formulation with other functional amphiphiles (e.g., PEG–carboxylates, PEG–maleimides) enables downstream conjugation on co‑components rather than on this molecule.
• Analytical utility:
  • Provides an internal amphiphile standard for method development in SEC‑MALS, DLS, and HPLC (reverse phase for free steroid; GPC for polymeric conjugate) to benchmark recovery and detection strategies.

Limitations:

• The methoxy end group precludes further end‑group conjugation on the PEG chain; for synthetic elaboration, choose a heterobifunctional PEG–steroid (e.g., mPEG–steroid with a distal NHS/azide) instead.
• The steroid’s receptor‑binding face may be partially occluded by PEG depending on the attachment site; plan accordingly for affinity‑driven applications.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small‑molecule/polymer conjugate, not a biological affinity reagent or antibody. No antigen, epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity data are associated with this item.

자주 묻는 질문

How should this product be stored?

Store at room temperature.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships under standard ambient conditions. No temperature-controlled packaging is required.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.