PKR activator 4 - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.2283420-05-1

CAS: 2283420-05-1 Cat. No.: P1497926 분자식: C₁₈H₂₄N₆O₂SSi 분자량: 416.57

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

개요

PKR activator 4 (example 7A) is a potent pyruvate kinase R (PKR) activator. PKR activator 4 has the potential for the research of blood disorders.

Specifications

사양 및 순도

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

보관 조건

Store at -80°C

배송

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

이 제품은 콜드 체인 배송이 필요합니다.지상 및 기타 경제 서비스는 사용할 수 없습니다.

등급

Moligand™

작업 유형

ACTIVATOR

이름과 식별자

분자량

416.57

Application Protocols

Validated application details (assay types, recommended concentrations, or positive-control conditions) are not provided for this item. The following is general guidance for deploying small-molecule PKR activators in research; adapt to your system.

General workflow (not item-specific):

1. Stock preparation

• Prepare a sterile, concentrated stock in DMSO under inert atmosphere if required. Aliquot and store at −80°C to avoid repeat freeze–thaw.

2. Assay setup

• Biochemical kinase assays: Titrate compound over several logs; include ATP/Km controls and measure PKR autophosphorylation or substrate (eIF2α) phosphorylation.
• Cell-based assays: Dose cells with serial dilutions; collect lysates at multiple timepoints for p-eIF2α Western blot or use ISR reporters. Maintain matched vehicle controls.

3. Controls

• Positive: A known PKR pathway activator (e.g., poly I:C for dsRNA-driven activation) in parallel.
• Negative: PKR inhibitor or EIF2AK2 knockdown/knockout to confirm on-target dependence.

4. Data integrity

• Assess cytotoxicity in parallel (e.g., CellTiter or similar) to distinguish stress/cytotoxic effects from specific PKR activation.
• Confirm compound stability and recovery in the assay matrix by LC–MS.

For item-specific guidance, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or contact Aladdin Scientific technical support.

Biological Roles

PKR activator 4 is positioned as a small-molecule tool for modulating Protein Kinase R (PKR; gene EIF2AK2), a serine/threonine kinase best known as a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor in the innate immune response.

General biology (literature; not item-specific):

• Activation mechanism: PKR dimerizes and autophosphorylates upon engagement with activators (classically dsRNA), subsequently phosphorylating eIF2α at Ser51. This reduces global translation initiation while enabling selective translation of stress-responsive mRNAs (integrated stress response, ISR).
• Pathway crosstalk: PKR interfaces with NF-κB signaling, stress granule assembly, and can interact with other eIF2α kinases (PERK, GCN2, HRI) at the level of common downstream effects.
• Experimental readouts: Increased p-eIF2α, ATF4 induction, altered polysome profiles, and formation of stress granules are common indicators of PKR pathway engagement.

Use as a research probe:

• A PKR activator enables controlled induction of PKR-dependent signaling in biochemical assays and cell models, facilitating studies of translation control, antiviral response elements, and ISR dynamics.

Important notes:

• Target specificity, on/off rates, and Cmax-driven effects are compound-dependent and are not provided for this item. Orthogonal validation (genetic knockdown/knockout or pharmacological blockade) is recommended to confirm on-target PKR dependence in your system.
• For research use only; not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Buffer Applications

This compound is not a buffering agent and does not define a pH system. However, buffers are central to deploying small-molecule bioactives in biochemical and cellular experiments.

General guidance (not item-specific):

• Biochemical assays: Use well-defined buffers such as HEPES (pH 7.2–7.6), Tris (pH 7–8.5), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ensuring ionic strength and divalent cations match enzymology requirements. Filter-sterilize and degas if necessary.
• Cell culture: Dilute compound stocks into complete media immediately before dosing. Maintain final DMSO at ≤0.1–0.5% v/v to limit solvent effects. Include vehicle controls matched for solvent and concentration.
• Solubilization: If aqueous solubility is limited, employ co-solvents (DMSO or ethanol) or solubilizing excipients (e.g., ≤1% PEG400 or cyclodextrins) compatible with the assay. Confirm that excipients do not confound readouts.
• Adsorption and carryover: Pre-rinse plasticware with dilute working solutions if adsorption is suspected; verify recovery by LC–MS.

Item-specific buffer compatibility, pH stability, and solubility are not provided in the Product Data. Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or perform a small-scale solubility screen across relevant buffers to define operational conditions.

Green Alternatives

As a bioactive screening ligand rather than a solvent or synthetic reagent, “green alternatives” are not directly applicable to the compound itself. However, greener practices can be adopted in the way you handle and formulate this molecule in research workflows.

Greener handling suggestions (general):

• Prefer aqueous buffers with minimal co-solvent when solubility permits; limit DMSO to the lowest feasible concentration consistent with assay performance.
• Use ethanol or PEG400/water mixtures selectively where compatible, to reduce reliance on high-boiling dipolar aprotic solvents.
• Scale experiments judiciously; small-volume microplate formats reduce solvent consumption and waste.
• Implement LC–MS methods with shorter gradients and greener mobile phases (e.g., water–acetonitrile with low buffer strength) when analytically feasible.

Trade-offs:

• Reduced organic content may impact solubility and compound stability; always verify recovery, potency, and adsorption to plastics/glass when changing solvent systems.

If your program emphasizes green chemistry, consider parallel procurement of established greener solvents (e.g., 2-MeTHF, CPME) for synthetic steps elsewhere in your workflow; these do not substitute the bioactive itself but improve the overall lab footprint.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use, clinical diagnosis, or therapeutic application.

Context for formulation research (general; not item-specific):

• Discovery-stage studies may explore pre-formulation of bioactive tool compounds to support in vitro ADME or in vivo exploratory pharmacology. Such activities require rigorous internal qualification of identity, purity, and stability; this listing does not claim compliance with pharmacopoeial or GMP standards.
• Excipients for screening formulations commonly include DMSO stocks diluted into aqueous vehicles, or co-solvent systems (e.g., PEG400/saline, Captisol, or cyclodextrin complexes) where permitted by institutional guidelines. Any in vivo work must follow institutional and regulatory approvals and is outside the scope of this catalog entry.

No pharmacopeia monograph, excipient role, or therapeutic classification is claimed or implied for PKR activator 4 in this listing. For translational activities, source materials manufactured under appropriate quality systems and supported by full CMC documentation.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical constants are not included in the provided Product Data.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• LogP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (literature/typical for small-molecule probes; not item-specific):

• Many bioactive screening ligands are supplied as solids or concentrated DMSO solutions. Typical working stocks are prepared in anhydrous DMSO and diluted into assay buffer or culture medium immediately before use to limit DMSO to ≤0.1–0.5% v/v in cells. Verify solubility and stability experimentally for this specific compound.
• Light/temperature sensitivity can vary by chemotype; protect from light and minimize freeze–thaw cycles to preserve integrity.

Please consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for authoritative physicochemical data when available.

Quality and Grades

• Grade: Moligand™. This designation indicates inclusion in Aladdin Scientific’s small-molecule/ligand discovery collection intended for screening and mechanism-of-action studies in research settings. Moligand items emphasize biological activity context; they are not manufactured to pharmacopoeial standards and are not for human or veterinary use.

What this means in practice:

• Purity/assay: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for lot-specific purity (e.g., HPLC area %, residual solvent profile) when available.
• Identity confirmation: Typically supported by spectroscopic/analytical data (LC–MS, NMR) per lot; consult the CoA.
• Stabilizers/salt forms: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If a specific counterion or solvate is used, it will influence solubility and handling.
• Intended use: For research use only (RUO). Suitable for biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assay development, target validation, and phenotypic screening. Not suitable for clinical, diagnostic, or household use.

Documentation and traceability:

• Request CoA, Spec Sheet, and SDS for the exact lot supplied. These documents outline analytical criteria, test methods, and storage guidance.
• If your application requires heightened controls (e.g., GLP screening, analytical reference), contact Aladdin Scientific for options or additional documentation support.

Reaction and Applications

This product is a bioactive research ligand listed as a PKR activator and is not typically employed as a reagent for chemical synthesis.

Accordingly:

• Synthetic reaction participation: Not applicable. There is no information indicating use as a catalyst, coupling partner, or stoichiometric reagent.
• Laboratory applications (research use; general):
  • Probe for EIF2AK2 (PKR) pathway engagement in biochemical or cellular assays.
  • Tool compound for phenotypic screens assessing integrated stress response (ISR) signaling via eIF2α phosphorylation, downstream transcriptional programs, or stress granule dynamics.
  • Potential positive control for assay validation where PKR activation is the readout (e.g., kinase activity assays, reporter assays). Note: potencies/kinetics are item-specific and must be empirically determined.

Practical tips (general, not item-specific):

• Titrate across several logs of concentration to map activity windows and to distinguish on-target from cytotoxic effects.
• Include orthogonal controls (e.g., PKR inhibitors, siRNA/CRISPR knockdown of EIF2AK2) to confirm pathway specificity in cellular systems.
• Monitor compound stability in assay media by LC–MS over the experimental window.

For any synthetic transformations, please refer to other catalog sections dedicated to building blocks and reagents.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to this product. PKR activator 4 is a bioactive screening compound and is not intended for use as a reagent in chemical reactions.

Experimental usage guidance (general; not item-specific):

• Stock solutions: Often prepared in anhydrous DMSO and stored at −20°C to −80°C in aliquots to minimize freeze–thaw; verify stability for this specific item.
• Assay dosing: Establish concentration–response curves across several logs to define EC50/IC50 or maximal effect. Start with low nanomolar to high micromolar ranges as a broad screen, then refine. Confirm solvent tolerance in your assay.
• Incubation: Time-dependence should be evaluated (e.g., 0.5–24 h) to separate primary target engagement from secondary transcriptional effects. Optimize per assay type.
• Controls: Include vehicle controls, off-target pathway inhibitors, and genetic controls (e.g., EIF2AK2 knockdown) where feasible.

All specific conditions, potencies, and kinetics are compound- and system-dependent and are not provided for this item; consult primary literature and validate in your model.

Safety and Handling

Authoritative safety information must be taken from the product SDS. The Product Data for this item does not include GHS classification or hazard statements.

• Signal word (GHS): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS hazard classes and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory precautions for small-molecule bioactives (not item-specific):

• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Work in a fume hood when handling powders, volatile solvents, or during weighing to avoid inhalation and exposure.
• Avoid contact with skin/eyes and inhalation of dust/aerosols. Wash thoroughly after handling.
• Storage incompatibilities: Keep separated from strong oxidizers and acids/bases unless compatibility is known. Avoid moisture ingress if supplied as an anhydrous solid or solution.
• Cryogenic storage: Product is specified to be stored at −80°C. Use secondary containment to prevent vial rupture; allow vials to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to minimize condensation.
• First aid overview: In case of skin/eye contact, rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested or upon significant exposure, seek medical attention. Bring the SDS to healthcare providers.

Note: Some kinase modulators can be bioactive at very low concentrations; handle with care to prevent accidental exposure.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific solubility and solvent recommendations are not provided in the Product Data. The following guidance is general for small-molecule PKR pathway modulators and should be verified empirically for this item.

• Typical stock preparation (general):
  • DMSO is commonly used to prepare concentrated stocks (e.g., millimolar) for screening due to broad solvency and assay compatibility at ≤0.1–0.5% v/v final.
  • If aqueous solubility allows, co-solvent systems (e.g., water + ≤10% DMSO or ethanol) can minimize DMSO exposure in sensitive assays.
• Miscibility profile (general): DMSO and ethanol are fully miscible with water; acetonitrile is also frequently used in biochemical assays. Avoid strong acids/bases unless the compound’s stability is demonstrated.
• Polarity class and dielectric constant: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Absent structural data, polarity cannot be assigned.

Comparison notes (general considerations):

• DMSO vs ethanol: DMSO typically affords higher solubility for polar and nonpolar chemotypes; ethanol can improve cell tolerance but may limit achievable stock concentrations.
• Aqueous buffers: If the compound bears ionizable groups, adjusting pH may improve solubility; confirm no decomposition by LC–MS.

Always filter sterilize diluted working solutions when sterility is required, and confirm that filtration does not adsorb the compound (test recovery).

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage information:

• Storage conditions: Store at −80°C (per Product Data).
• Shipping: Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs to maintain low temperature.

Reconstitution guidance (general; not item-specific):

• Solvent: If solid, dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to prepare a concentrated stock. If supplied as a solution, verify the solvent and concentration on the label/CoA.
• Concentration: Choose a stock concentration suitable for your assays while keeping final solvent ≤0.1–0.5% v/v in biological systems. Filter-sterilize if sterility is required and compatible.
• Aliquoting: Dispense single-use aliquots in inert, low-bind tubes. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw; thaw on ice and use immediately after dilution.
• Light/moisture: Protect from light and moisture during handling. Allow vials to warm in a desiccated environment before opening to prevent condensation.

Stability (item-specific data): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for stability, solution shelf life, and recommended storage of reconstituted stocks.

Note: For research use only. Always follow your institution’s chemical hygiene plan and consult the SDS for detailed safety and handling instructions.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: PKR activator 4 is a bioactive small-molecule research tool described as an activator of Protein Kinase R (PKR). The detailed chemical structure for this specific catalog item is not disclosed in the product data.

• Product name: PKR activator 4 (Moligand)
• CAS: 2283420-05-1
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structure notes: The precise functional groups, ring systems, and stereochemical features are not provided in the current listing. Without SMILES/InChI, a definitive 2D structural description cannot be given. Please consult the Certificate of Analysis or reach out to Aladdin Scientific technical support for structural disclosure where available.

General identity context (literature): Small-molecule PKR activators typically interact with the dsRNA-binding/kinase regulatory machinery of EIF2AK2 (PKR), promoting autophosphorylation and downstream eIF2α phosphorylation. Specific atomistic features vary widely across chemotypes and are not inferable for this item without the provided structural string.

Synthetic Utility

PKR activator 4 is offered as a bioactive research ligand rather than a synthetic building block or reagent. Without structural disclosure, no functional group–based reactivity or named-reaction participation can be described.

Accordingly:

• Role in synthesis: Not typically used as a reagent, catalyst, or intermediate.
• Derivatization: Any medicinal chemistry optimization or tagging (e.g., biotinylation, photoaffinity probes) would require knowledge of the molecule’s scaffold and reactive handles; such information is not provided here. If your application involves analog generation or immobilization, please request structural details under an appropriate agreement or select from disclosed scaffolds in our catalog.

Recommendation:

• For chemical synthesis needs, refer to Aladdin’s building blocks (heteroaromatics, linkers, bioorthogonal handles) and reagent sections. Use PKR activator 4 primarily as a biological probe to modulate pathway activity in assays.

Target Specificity

• Declared functional class: PKR activator (research use tool compound).
• Primary target: Protein Kinase R (PKR; gene EIF2AK2), proposed based on naming convention.

Item-specific selectivity, binding mode, and off-target profile are not provided in the Product Data.

General considerations (literature; not item-specific):

• PKR selectivity should be confirmed against the eIF2α kinase family (PERK/EIF2AK3, GCN2/EIF2AK4, HRI/EIF2AK1) and broader kinome panels when possible.
• Target engagement assays may include thermal shift (CETSA), kinase activity assays, p-eIF2α quantification, or reporter assays linked to ISR outputs.
• Off-target risks: Global stress responses (oxidative, ER, or translational stress) can phenocopy PKR activation; orthogonal controls are essential to ascribe specificity.

Conclusion: Without supplier-provided data (Kd, EC50, kinome profiling), target specificity for PKR activator 4 remains to be established empirically in your system. Please consult CoA/Spec Sheet or contact technical support for any available targeting data.

자주 묻는 질문

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?80 °C. Ultra-low temperature storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

What is Moligand??

Moligand? is one of Aladdin Scientific's premium product lines, formulated for high-purity applications across multiple workflows. Compared to standard grades in the same workflow, Moligand? products typically offer tighter specifications, more rigorous QC, and stronger lot-to-lot consistency.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships frozen with dry ice and cold packs. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above; handle dry ice with insulated gloves in a ventilated area.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 2283420-05-1, the molecular formula is C18H24N6O2SSi, and the molecular weight is 416.57 g/mol.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.