GRADE & PURITYMoligand™?Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.≥98%
Moligand™, ≥98% Moligand™ for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.
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Storage & shipping
Store at 2-8°C,Protected from light,Argon charged Ships Wet ice Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.
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Quality documents
SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.
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Literature proof
Cited in 0 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.
개요
Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial quinolone antibiotic. Rosoxacin inhibits Gram-negative bacteria, including N. gonorrhoeae (MIC range=0.03-0.125 µg/mL).Rosoxacin can be used in studies of urinary tract infections and certain sexually transmitted diseases
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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고객 리뷰
Application Protocols
No manufacturer-verified application protocols are provided for this product.
General guidance for assay solution preparation (research use only; not item-specific):
Prepare a concentrated stock solution in DMSO (e.g., 10–50 mM is typical for small-molecule screening libraries) in amber vials; vortex and, if needed, sonicate briefly to aid dissolution.
Immediately before use, dilute the DMSO stock into the assay buffer or medium to the desired final concentration, keeping the final DMSO percentage within the tolerance of the biological system (commonly ≤1–2%).
For analytical injections (LC–UV/LC–MS), filter diluted solutions through 0.2–0.45 μm PTFE or PVDF syringe filters and protect autosampler vials from light.
Please refer to the CoA/SDS and your internal SOPs for any validated, method-specific procedures.
Biological Roles
Context (literature; not medical/clinical):
Rosoxacin is described in the literature as a member of the quinolone/quinolinone class. These scaffolds are widely used as chemical tools in microbiology and enzymology to probe bacterial DNA topology control via type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV).
Mechanistic role (biochemical): quinolone-class compounds are known to stabilize the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, interfering with DNA religation and thereby impacting DNA replication and transcription in prokaryotic systems. This mode-of-action has made quinolones central reference compounds in studies of enzyme catalysis, resistance mutations, and structure–function relationships.
Target engagement studies: Rosoxacin and related scaffolds are used to benchmark binding interactions with gyrase/Topo IV subunits (e.g., GyrA/ParC) and to evaluate the contribution of ring substituents to binding affinity and Mg2+-mediated water–metal ion bridges reported for quinolones.
Physicochemical influence on biology: ionization state, lipophilicity, and substituent electronics modulate target binding and cellular accumulation in bacterial systems. These properties can be tuned through salt formation or prodrug-like derivatives in mechanistic studies.
Important note: The above describes general, literature-reported biochemical behavior of quinolone scaffolds. This product is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for any clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic application.
Buffer Applications
This item is not a buffering agent and is not typically used to prepare buffer systems. Any interaction with buffers is ancillary to its dissolution for assays or biochemical experiments.
Practical notes (general guidance for preparing assay solutions):
If aqueous work is required, dissolve a concentrated stock in a miscible organic solvent (commonly DMSO) and dilute into the target buffer immediately before use to the desired working concentration.
Solubility may depend on pH for quinolone carboxylic acids. If needed, adjust buffer pH to mildly basic values to improve dissolution of the carboxylate form, provided this is compatible with the biological system under study.
Use light-protective containers (amber microtubes, foil-wrapped plates) consistent with the Product Data recommendation to protect from light.
For recipes and pH ranges of common biological buffers (PBS, HEPES, Tris, MOPS), consult standard references; these are not specific to this product.
Green Alternatives
This product is a solid research compound rather than a process solvent or reagent used in bulk transformations, so green-alternative discussions are limited.
Sustainability considerations (general guidance):
Solvent footprint: when dissolving for assays or extractions, prefer water or water-miscible greener solvents (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate) where chemically compatible, instead of high-toxicity or halogenated solvents. Validate solubility and stability beforehand.
Minimize DMSO percentage: although widely used and relatively safe, DMSO burdens wastewater treatment; use the lowest effective cosolvent fraction and small batch sizes.
Light protection: preventing photodegradation reduces waste by extending solution shelf life; use amber vials and minimize exposure.
Scale: plan experiments at the minimum scale necessary to reduce chemical consumption and waste generation.
Illustrative comparison (generic; applicability depends on solubility/stability):
DCM or chloroform (less green) → ethyl acetate or 2-MeTHF (greener) for extractions or workups, if performance allows.
Acetonitrile (petro-derived) → ethanol/water or isopropanol/water in analytics where method robustness remains acceptable.
Always confirm analyte recovery, stability, and assay performance when implementing greener substitutions.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No therapeutic or clinical claims are made for this product. It is supplied strictly for research use only.
Reference standard: suitable for use as a system suitability or reference standard in analytical method development (e.g., LC–UV/LC–MS) for quinolone-class compounds, pending confirmation against the item’s CoA.
Impurity/degradation studies: can serve as a comparator for forced degradation studies (photolytic, thermal, oxidative) to develop stability-indicating methods for heteroaromatic acids.
Excipient interactions (screening): evaluation of interactions with solubilizers (e.g., cyclodextrins) and pH-modifying agents in pre-formulation research to understand solubility/permeability trade-offs of quinolone scaffolds.
Solid-state investigations: polymorph, solvate, or salt screening of quinolone derivatives to understand crystallization behavior (generalizable to this scaffold; verify identity and form by PXRD/DSC/IR).
Regulatory compendia:
Pharmacopeial monograph status for Rosoxacin is not specified here. For regulated work, confirm the suitability of this material as a reference standard and retain lot-specific documentation (CoA, SDS).
Physical Properties
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point: Not applicable/Not typically reported for polyfunctional heteroaromatic solids; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Refractive index: Not applicable (solid); Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General physicochemical considerations (literature/generic for quinolone carboxylic acids; not item-specific):
Many quinolinone-3-carboxylic acids exhibit limited aqueous solubility at neutral pH, with solubility improved in basic media (carboxylate formation) or in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO) for stock solutions.
Ionization: quinolone carboxylic acids typically have an acidic pKa for the carboxyl group (commonly in the ~5–6 range, literature—compound dependent) and may possess additional basic sites if ring substituents include amines.
LogP/logD: varies widely with substitution and ionization state; literature values for quinolones generally span moderate lipophilicity, decreasing as ionized.
Caution on use:
Because actual solubility, pKa, and partitioning are structure- and lot-dependent, determine these empirically for your working conditions or refer to the item’s CoA/specification and SDS for authoritative data.
Quality and Grades
Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (Product Data)
What Moligand™ typically implies (general guidance):
The Moligand™ designation is used by Aladdin Scientific for small-molecule ligands or screening compounds intended for research use in molecular recognition, target engagement, and structure–activity exploration. Lots are typically controlled for identity and assay suitability parameters relevant to discovery workflows.
Item-specific notes:
Itemized analytical specifications such as purity by HPLC/UPLC, residual solvents, water (KF), and related substances are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Practical considerations for this grade:
Suitable for biochemical assays, target-binding studies, and as a reference standard in analytical development (e.g., LC/UV or LC–MS) when supported by the CoA.
If ultra-low UV background or trace-metal control is critical (e.g., bioassays, catalysis studies), verify these attributes on the CoA or request additional QC data.
Release documentation:
For regulated or traceable work, retain the lot-specific CoA and, where applicable, method/impurity summaries provided with the shipment.
Reaction and Applications
Primary utility for this item is as a small-molecule ligand/chemical probe in research (Product Data: Moligand™; Research use only). No manufacturer application text is provided for this SKU.
Research applications (general/literature for quinolone-class scaffolds; not medical):
Mechanistic microbiology and enzymology: used as a reference scaffold in studies of prokaryotic type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV) to interrogate DNA cleavage/religation chemistry and resistance mechanisms in vitro.
Analytical development: serves as a reference standard for chromatographic method development (LC–UV/LC–MS), impurity profiling, and stability-indicating assays under photolytic, oxidative, and thermal stress.
SAR/derivatization: the carboxylic acid handle and ring nitrogens typical of quinolone cores allow ester/amide formation and N-functionalization to explore structure–property relationships.
Practical tips:
Light protection is recommended during handling and storage to minimize photodegradation, consistent with Product Data.
For binding/biochemical assays, prepare concentrated DMSO stocks and dilute into buffer immediately before use to reduce precipitation; confirm final DMSO percentage is compatible with the assay system.
For synthetic transformations (e.g., amidation/esterification), employ standard coupling reagents (EDC/HOBt, HATU, or CDI) under inert atmosphere if required for moisture/oxygen-sensitive steps.
Note: All uses are for research and laboratory study only. No clinical or diagnostic use is intended or implied.
Reaction Conditions
Typical conditions for common transformations on quinolone carboxylic acids (general literature guidance; not item-specific for this SKU):
Amidation of the 3-carboxylic acid:
Reagents: HATU (1.1–1.5 equiv), EDC·HCl/HOBt or Oxyma, or CDI; base: DIPEA or NMM (2–4 equiv).
Solvents: DMF, NMP, DCM (anhydrous); temperature: 0–25 °C (often RT); time: 1–16 h.
Workup: aqueous quench, extraction, or direct precipitation; purify by flash chromatography or crystallization.
Esterification:
Fischer conditions: ROH (solvent/excess), catalytic H2SO4 or p-TsOH, Dean–Stark if needed; temperature: reflux; time: 2–24 h.
Steglich: DCC (1.1–1.5 equiv), DMAP (0.1 equiv), solvent DCM or THF; 0–25 °C, 1–18 h.
N-alkylation (if N-1 free):
Base: K2CO3 or Cs2CO3 (2–3 equiv); electrophile: alkyl halide or sulfate (1.1–1.5 equiv).
Solvent: DMF, acetone, or MeCN; temperature: 25–60 °C; time: 2–16 h. Monitor for O- vs N-alkylation; protect the acid if necessary.
Photostability testing (analytical):
Prepare solutions in amberware; expose aliquots to ICH Q1B conditions; analyze by LC–UV/LC–MS to map degradants and kinetics.
Expected yields vary by substrate and conditions; consult primary literature and optimize for the specific substituent pattern present in your material. Protect from light and consider inert atmosphere where oxidation or photoinduced degradation is a concern.
Safety and Handling
GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Storage conditions (Product Data): Store at 2–8 °C, protected from light, under argon; shipped on wet ice.
General laboratory precautions (not a substitute for SDS):
Personal protective equipment: lab coat, protective eyewear, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves. Handle in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols.
Avoid exposure to light as indicated; certain quinolinone scaffolds can be light-sensitive and may degrade or discolor upon prolonged illumination.
Incompatibilities: avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases unless intentionally adjusting pH under controlled conditions. Use dry, oxygen-free techniques if long-term stability is a concern, consistent with argon-charged storage.
Spill/accidental release: capture solids or solutions with inert absorbent, avoid dust formation, and dispose of according to institutional and local regulations.
First-aid overview: in case of skin or eye contact, rinse with copious water for at least 15 minutes; if inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth with water. Seek medical attention as needed. Refer to SDS for detailed instructions.
Waste: collect residues and contaminated materials in labeled containers for disposal as hazardous chemical waste.
Always consult the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for authoritative, item-specific hazard and handling information.
Solvent Selection
This product is a solid heteroaromatic small molecule, not a solvent. Solvent selection is therefore application-driven (dissolution for assays, synthesis, or analytics).
General solvent guidance (literature/generic for quinolinone carboxylic acids; verify empirically):
Stock solutions: polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO) are frequently used to prepare concentrated assay stocks due to broad solvency for heteroaromatic acids.
Aqueous work: solubility often increases in basic media as the carboxylate forms; buffered systems at elevated pH can aid dissolution for method development. At neutral pH, solubility may be limited.
Mixed systems: cosolvent strategies (DMSO or MeCN with water/buffer) can balance solubility and assay compatibility.
When to choose alternatives:
If high photostability is required, minimize residence time in translucent solvents and protect solutions from light (amber vials, foil wrap).
For preparative work, consider solvent pairs that avoid azeotropes and allow straightforward removal (e.g., MeCN/H2O for LC-purification, MeOH/H2O for crystallization screening).
Compatibility notes:
Avoid strong oxidizing solvent systems and prolonged exposure to strong acids/bases unless intended for controlled transformations.
Always filter solutions (0.2–0.45 μm) for analytical use to remove particulates prior to injection.
Storage and Reconstitution
Storage (Product Data): Store at 2–8 °C, protected from light, under argon. Shipped on wet ice.
Long-term handling tips:
Keep container tightly closed and headspace inert (argon/nitrogen) to limit oxidative/photo-induced degradation. Use amber glassware or wrap vials in foil.
Minimize freeze–thaw and light exposure by aliquoting upon receipt into small-volume, inert-atmosphere vials.
Reconstitution (general guidance; not item-specific):
For biochemical assays, prepare concentrated stock solutions in anhydrous DMSO using amber vials. Typical screening stocks range from 10–50 mM, limited by solubility; determine concentration gravimetrically or by UV if extinction coefficient is known.
For aqueous work, adjust pH if needed to enhance dissolution (forming the carboxylate), then back-adjust to assay pH after dilution, ensuring compatibility with the biological system.
Filtration: If particles remain, pass through a 0.2 μm syringe filter to clarify solutions for analytical or cell-free assays.
Stability notes:
Working solutions should be used promptly. If storage is necessary, keep at 2–8 °C protected from light for the shortest feasible time, or freeze aliquots if compatible with solvent system. Always verify potency/integrity by LC where critical.
Always defer to the lot-specific CoA and SDS for definitive storage life, re-test intervals, and handling precautions.
Structure and Identity
Product: Rosoxacin (SKU: R377691)
CAS: 40034-42-2
PubChem CID: 287180
InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Note: value provided in Product Data appears truncated.)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general, literature):
Rosoxacin is reported in the literature as a member of the quinolone/quinolinone family, featuring a bicyclic quinolinone core bearing a carboxylic acid at C-3 (typical for quinolone scaffolds) and additional heteroatoms/aryl substituents depending on the exact structure variant described in publications.
Functional group motif (literature): aromatic heterocycle, conjugated carbonyl (4-oxo-quinolinone), and a carboxylate handle amenable to derivatization (ester/amide formation).
2D description (literature, generic to quinolones): fused benzene–pyridone system with a carbonyl at the 4-position and a carboxylic acid at the 3-position; substituents on the benzene ring and N-1 vary by compound.
Important note:
Item-specific identifiers (formula, exact mass, SMILES, full InChIKey) are not provided in the Product Data. For definitive identity attributes used for release testing of this lot, please consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) and specification sheet.
Synthetic Utility
Although primarily used as a research ligand/chemical probe, the quinolone/quinolinone scaffold underlying Rosoxacin provides several synthetic handles (general literature guidance; not item-specific):
Carboxylic acid at C-3 (typical for quinolones): enables esterification and amidation to access prodrugs, conjugates, or SAR analogs. Standard coupling methods (EDC/HOBt, HATU/DIPEA, CDI) are applicable.
Ring nitrogen (N-1) and ring carbon positions: allow N-alkylation/acylation and electrophilic substitution (where activated), facilitating diversification of the heteroaromatic core.
Cross-coupling: if aryl halide substituents are present in a given analog, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki/Miyaura, Buchwald–Hartwig, or Sonogashira couplings can elaborate the scaffold (requires appropriate functionality in the substrate).
Late-stage functionalization: oxidative C–H activation strategies and photoredox catalysis have been applied to related quinolinones, enabling direct C–H amination/arylation under mild conditions.
Conjugation chemistry: the acid group supports attachment to tags, affinity labels, or solid supports for pull-down or target engagement studies.
Retrosynthetic perspective:
Quinolinone cores are commonly assembled via Conrad–Limpach or Gould–Jacobs condensations, followed by selective functional-group interconversions to introduce the 4-oxo and 3-carboxylate features—useful when planning preparation of analogs for SAR panels.
Target Specificity
No target specificity data (e.g., biochemical IC50/Ki, enzyme panel selectivity, or binding constants) are provided in the Product Data for this SKU.
General literature context (not item-specific, not a claim for this lot):
Quinolone-class scaffolds are commonly used to probe bacterial type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV). However, quantitative potency/selectivity values depend sensitively on the substitution pattern, assay format, and conditions.
For this item, consult the CoA or contact technical support if lot-specific target engagement or purity/activity benchmarking data are available.
Need help choosing the grade?
Our grade selection guide covers purity, stabilizer status, and application suitability for all variants in our catalog.
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