Urocortin III (mouse) - ≥95%

Cat. No.: U275964

GRADE & PURITY ≥95%

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

개요

Store at +4°C. The product can be stored for up to 12 months.

Specifications

사양 및 순도

≥95%

보관 조건

Store at 2-8°C

배송

Wet ice

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순수함

≥95%

화학 및 물리적 특성

• 용해성: Soluble in water

Application Protocols

No manufacturer-validated protocols or application notes are provided in the product data for this item. Refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any item-specific guidance.

General starting points (informational only):

• Stock solution: Prepare at 0.1–1 mM in sterile water or buffer after ensuring complete dissolution; aliquot and store refrigerated. For long-term storage, users sometimes prepare frozen aliquots, but this item lists 2–8°C storage—follow the product label and validate stability in your lab (general guidance).
• Cell-based assays: Dilute stocks into culture media to achieve desired final concentrations, maintaining minimal cosolvent levels (≤0.1–1% DMSO if used). Include appropriate negative/positive controls.
• Receptor-binding: For radioligand or fluorescence displacement assays, prepare serial dilutions spanning several logs to generate full concentration–response curves; analyze with a four-parameter logistic fit (general practice).

These are general practices only and are not validated for this specific product. Always confirm compatibility and stability with small pilot experiments.

Biological Roles

Content below summarizes literature knowledge for Urocortin III peptides and is provided for biochemical context only. It does not imply any clinical use.

• Family: Urocortin III (UCN3) is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family, which includes CRF, Urocortin I, and Urocortin II (literature).
• Receptor selectivity: UCN3 is widely reported as a selective agonist of the CRF2 receptor with negligible activity at CRF1 (literature). This property makes it a useful probe for dissecting CRF2-mediated pathways.
• Physiological context (literature): Implicated in stress-adaptive responses, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis, with expression detected in discrete CNS regions and peripheral tissues in rodents. Mechanistic studies often focus on CRF2-linked cAMP/PKA signaling.
• Structural motifs: The C-terminal segment is important for receptor engagement; the peptide lacks cysteines and therefore disulfide bonds (reported for UCN3 in literature), which can confer greater oxidative stability relative to cystine-containing CRF-family members.
• Assay relevance: Serves as a tool to validate CRF2 expression/function in cell lines or tissues, to benchmark novel ligands, and to calibrate assay dynamic range (e.g., EC50 determination) in pharmacological profiling.

Item-specific biological characterization data (activity, EC50, receptor binding constants) are not provided for this product. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet or perform in-house qualification for your system.

Buffer Applications

This product is a peptide standard rather than a buffering agent. It is not used to establish or control pH. However, appropriate buffer choice is critical for maintaining peptide stability and bioactivity in assays.

General buffer guidance for peptide handling:

• Preparation: Start dissolution with sterile water or 0.1% acetic acid, then adjust with buffer to the desired pH (typically pH 4–7.4) after full dissolution (general practice).
• Common buffers: PBS, HEPES, or acetate buffer are frequently used for receptor-binding and signaling assays. For LC–MS, volatile buffers (e.g., ammonium acetate/formate) are preferred.
• Salt and excipients: Low concentrations of carrier proteins (e.g., 0.1% BSA) or inert sugars (e.g., trehalose) can reduce adsorption to plastics and improve stability, provided they do not interfere with the assay (general guidance).
• Filtration: If sterile solutions are required, 0.22 μm filtration is recommended post-dissolution.

Item-specific buffer recommendations, stabilizers, and compatible excipients are not provided for this product; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet and validate in your application.

Green Alternatives

As a peptide research reagent, Urocortin III (mouse) is typically handled in aqueous systems, which are already aligned with green chemistry principles. Where organic cosolvents are considered, greener choices and minimization strategies can reduce environmental impact.

Greener handling strategies (general):

• Prefer water or buffered aqueous media for stock and working solutions whenever solubility permits.
• If a cosolvent is required for initial dissolution, use the smallest effective amount and dilute into buffer promptly.
• Avoid halogenated solvents; for method development, favor water–acetonitrile systems over water–methanol when ACN recovery and waste handling are superior in your facility.

Comparison (general guidance):

• Aqueous buffer: Highest EHS profile, minimal VOCs; ideal for bioassays.
• DMSO (low %): Effective solubilizer; biodegradable but manage as hazardous waste.
• Ethanol: Renewable source potential; flammable—use with care.

Waste minimization:

• Prepare only the amount needed; aliquot stocks to extend shelf-life and reduce disposals.
• Use micro-scale assays (microplates, low-dead-volume LC) to cut solvent use.

Item-specific environmental attributes (e.g., stabilizers, preservatives) are not specified; consult the CoA for any additional considerations.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or formulation use is provided for this item. This product is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for clinical or therapeutic applications.

General research/manufacturing context:

• Reference standard: May be used as an internal or system suitability standard in analytical methods (e.g., HPLC/LC–MS) for peptide assay development in R&D settings.
• Process development: Useful as a model peptide to optimize purification, stability studies, or bioassays targeting CRF2 in preclinical research labs. Not for GMP manufacturing unless supported by appropriate quality documentation.
• Regulatory note: Any consideration for clinical use would require full GMP sourcing, validated analytical characterization, impurity profiling, and stability data—none of which are specified for this catalog item.

Item-specific: No claims regarding USP/EP monographs, residual solvents, or excipient functionality are made. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for available analytical data if you intend to use this material as an in-house reference standard.

Physical Properties

Only item-specific storage is provided. Physicochemical specifications such as exact mass, pI, or solubility are not listed in the product data.

Item-specific:

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature expectations for Urocortin III peptides:

• Peptide class: small polypeptide (literature) of the CRF family.
• Physical state: typically supplied lyophilized or as an aqueous solution for research use (general practice; verify CoA for this item).
• Solubility: CRF-family peptides are generally soluble in water, aqueous buffers (pH ~4–7.4), and may require small amounts of dilute acid (e.g., 0.1% acetic acid) to initiate dissolution before dilution with buffer (literature/general guidance).
• pI/logP: Sequence-dependent and not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• BP/MP, density, refractive index: Not applicable to peptides in practical lab use; not specified for this item.

Practical notes (general):

• For initial dissolution, wetting the peptide with a small volume of sterile water or dilute acetic acid followed by buffer addition can minimize aggregation (general guidance).
• Filter sterilization (0.22 µm) may be used if the product is provided without preservatives and sterility is required for cell-based assays (general guidance). Always verify compatibility on the CoA.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific grade/purity is not listed in the provided data.

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Research Use Only: This product is designated for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use, clinical diagnostics, or as a drug.

Context for peptide quality (general):

• Peptide purity terminology: “Crude,” “Desalt,” “>80%,” “>95%,” or “>98%” typically refer to analytical HPLC area percent. Absence of a stated purity means you must consult the certificate for exact specification.
• Identity confirmation: Common methods include LC–MS, MALDI–TOF, and analytical RP-HPLC; some vendors additionally provide amino acid analysis or sequence verification (general).
• Counterions and form: Trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt vs acetate salt can influence solubility and biological assays. The counterion and net content (water/TFA %) are item-specific; verify on the CoA.
• Endotoxin/bioburden: If cell-based assays are intended, check CoA for endotoxin and sterility statements; not specified for this item.

Implications for use:

• For quantitative assays (e.g., receptor-binding, signaling), verify purity and exact content to prepare accurate stock concentrations.
• If low UV background is required (e.g., HPLC standards), ensure purity and counterion are suitable for your detection wavelength.

Reaction and Applications

This product is a research peptide standard and is not typically used as a reagent in synthetic organic transformations. Its value lies in biological assay applications.

Typical research applications (general/literature for Urocortin III):

• Receptor pharmacology: Tool agonist for corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2) studies, including ligand binding, cAMP accumulation, calcium flux, β-arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization assays.
• Signal transduction: Positive control for downstream pathway interrogation (e.g., PKA/CREB readouts) in CRF2-expressing systems.
• In vivo/ex vivo models: Frequently used in perfused tissue or ex vivo preparations to probe CRF2-mediated responses (literature; ensure use complies with institutional approvals). No clinical use.
• Analytical calibration: Standard for LC–MS or HPLC method development assessing peptide recovery, stability, and detection in complex matrices.

Practical notes (general):

• Prepare aliquots to avoid freeze–thaw cycles; include carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) when adsorption losses are problematic (verify assay compatibility).
• Protect from repeated exposure to elevated temperatures and light; peptides can degrade via oxidation and deamidation.

Item-specific application details from the manufacturer are not provided; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any validated uses or additional guidance.

Reaction Conditions

Not typically applicable. Urocortin III (mouse) is a peptide reagent used for biological assays rather than as a substrate in standard organic reactions. No catalytic or thermochemical reaction conditions are specified for this item.

General guidance for solution preparation and handling (non-reaction conditions):

• Dissolution: Begin with sterile water or 0.1% acetic acid, then dilute with assay buffer to the target concentration and pH 4–7.4 (general practice).
• Temperature: Keep on ice during preparation when feasible; avoid extended exposure to ambient temperatures. Store solutions refrigerated and use promptly.
• Light/oxygen: Minimize exposure; optionally sparge with inert gas for long incubations if oxidation-sensitive residues are present (general peptide practice).

For any chemical derivatization or conjugation, optimize conditions based on the actual sequence and desired functional group chemistry. Item-specific recommendations are not provided in the product data.

Safety and Handling

Hazard information is not provided in the product data for this catalog entry. Always consult the SDS for authoritative guidance.

Item-specific:

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word, H-statements, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Storage: Store at 2–8°C (per product data). Shipped on wet ice.

General handling guidance for research peptides:

• PPE: lab coat, gloves (nitrile), safety glasses. Avoid inhalation of powders/aerosols and contact with skin/eyes.
• Hygiene: work in a clean area; use dust control when handling dry peptide. For sterile applications, handle in a biosafety cabinet where appropriate.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers; peptides may undergo oxidation (e.g., Met, Trp side chains) and deamidation under alkaline conditions (general).
• First aid (general): In case of skin/eye contact, rinse with water for several minutes; if inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical advice and provide SDS.
• Waste: Dispose of aqueous peptide solutions as laboratory chemical waste according to institutional and local regulations.

Note: No medical or diagnostic use. For research use only (per product data).

Solvent Selection

Item-specific solubility is not provided. The following guidance reflects general practice for CRF-family peptides.

• Primary solvents: Water or physiological buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES) are typically preferred. Initial wetting with 0.1% acetic acid or dilute HCl can help dissolve hydrophobic segments before adjusting to final buffer (general/literature).
• Organic cosolvents: If needed, small fractions of DMSO can aid dissolution; keep final DMSO ≤0.1–1% v/v for cell assays to minimize cytotoxicity (general guidance). Ethanol may be used similarly in some in vitro assays.
• pH considerations: Avoid strong basic pH during stock preparation to minimize deamidation and backbone hydrolysis; target pH 4–7.4 (general guidance).
• Filtration: 0.22 μm sterile filtration is recommended for sterile applications if the product is provided without preservatives (verify CoA).

Comparison (general):

• Water/buffer: Highest biological compatibility; limited for very hydrophobic peptides.
• DMSO: Excellent solubilizer; may affect cells/receptors at higher %.
• Acetic acid (0.1%): Improves initial dissolution; adjust to neutral pH after complete dissolution.

Note: Final solvent choice should be dictated by your assay (e.g., receptor binding, cell signaling) and compatibility requirements. For this specific item, consult the CoA for any binding to surfaces or special solubilization instructions.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage and shipping:

• Storage conditions: Store at 2–8°C (per product data).
• Shipped in: Wet ice (per product data).

Item-specific reconstitution details (solvent, concentration, excipients) are not provided; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for research peptides (informational only):

• Reconstitution: If lyophilized, allow the vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to minimize condensation. Wet the peptide with sterile water or 0.1% acetic acid, then dilute with buffer to target concentration.
• Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Label aliquots with concentration and preparation date.
• Short-term storage: Refrigerated (2–8°C) as indicated for this item. Monitor for precipitation or turbidity; gently mix to redissolve if needed.
• Stability: Peptide stability varies by sequence and formulation. Avoid prolonged exposure to elevated temperature, strong light, or high pH. For extended storage, many laboratories use frozen aliquots; assess stability experimentally and adhere to the storage statement on the label for this item.

Always refer to the product label and CoA for definitive instructions for this specific SKU (U275964).

Structure and Identity

Item-specific identifiers beyond the name are not provided for this catalog entry. Where a value is absent, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive information.

• Product name: Urocortin III (mouse)
• Synonyms (literature): UCN3; Stresscopin 2; CRF-related peptide (literature)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general, literature):

• Urocortin III is a peptide belonging to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family and is typically a single-chain polypeptide. Mouse Urocortin III is reported as a short peptide (literature) with a sequence homologous to human UCN3 and lacking cysteine residues (literature), hence no intramolecular disulfide bonds.
• Functional motifs: CRF-family peptides commonly present a C-terminal amphiphilic segment important for CRF2 receptor recognition (literature).

2D description in words (general):

• A linear peptide backbone comprising repetitive amide linkages connecting L-amino acid residues, with side chains encompassing polar, basic, and hydrophobic residues that confer receptor-binding affinity and aqueous solubility behavior (literature).

Synthetic Utility

As a bioactive peptide, Urocortin III (mouse) is not typically used as a building block in synthetic organic chemistry. Its synthetic relevance is instead methodological and analytical in peptide science.

Utility in peptide chemistry (general):

• Method development: Serves as a test article for optimizing peptide dissolution protocols, RP-HPLC gradients, ion-pairing conditions, and LC–MS detection parameters (e.g., source settings, charge state distribution).
• Stability studies: Model for evaluating peptide degradation pathways (oxidation, deamidation, backbone cleavage) under varying pH, temperature, and light exposure.
• Assay calibration: Reference for receptor-binding assays to benchmark potency curves of new CRF2 ligands.

Transformations (not typically applied to this supplied product):

• Chemical modifications such as N-terminal acetylation, biotinylation, or fluorescent labeling can be performed for assay development; these require additional synthetic steps and are outside the scope of the supplied item. Verify sequence compatibility and protect sensitive residues during derivatization (general guidance).

Item-specific synthetic details (sequence, protecting groups, counterion, purity) are not provided; consult the CoA if derivative work or conjugation is planned.

Target Specificity

This section is primarily applicable to antibodies or affinity reagents with defined antigen/epitope specificity. No such item-specific data are provided for this product.

• Target, species reactivity, clone/isotype, and validated applications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: As a literature context, Urocortin III is commonly used as a selective agonist of the CRF2 receptor in research; however, no target-binding specifications or potencies are provided for this specific catalog product.

자주 묻는 질문

What is the purity of this product?

This product is supplied at ≥95% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at 2–8 °C. Refrigerated storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships chilled on wet ice. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.