ATPA - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.140158-50-5

CAS: 140158-50-5 Cat. No.: A1493321 Formule: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₄ Poids moléculaire: 228.24 PubChem CID: 2253

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Desiccated,Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Vue d’ensemble

ATPA is a selective glutamate receptor GluR5 activator with EC 50 s of 0.66, 9.5, 1.4, 23, 32, 18, and 14 μM for GluR5wt, GluR5(S741M), GluR5(S721T), GluR5(S721T, S741M), GluR5(S741A), GluR5(S741L), and GluR5(S741V), respectively.

Specifications

Spécifications et pureté

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Desiccated,Store at -80°C

Expédié en

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Ce produit nécessite l'expédition en chaîne froide. Les services terrestres et autres services économiques ne sont pas disponibles.

Grade

Moligand™

Type d'action

AGONIST

Noms et identifiants

• Isomères SMILES: CC(C)(C)C1=C(C(=O)NO1)CC(C(=O)O)N
• PubChem CID: 2253
• Poids moléculaire: 228.24

Application Protocols

Only information from Product Data may be presented in this section.

• Tested applications, recommended concentrations/dilutions, and positive controls: Not specified for this item.

General note: Users typically develop assay-specific protocols (e.g., electrophysiology, calcium flux, binding) tailored to their model systems. Please consult your lab’s validated SOPs and the lot-specific CoA/SDS.

Biological Roles

Scope: Research tool compound. No clinical/therapeutic claims.

Literature/general description (not item-specific)

• Pharmacology: ATPA is widely cited as a potent, selective agonist within the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, commonly used to interrogate kainate/AMPA receptor function depending on substitution pattern and experimental context.
• Use cases: activation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors in neuronal preparations; probing receptor desensitization, agonist efficacy, and subtype selectivity; benchmarking antagonist potency in competitive or functional assays.
• Readouts: electrophysiology (whole-cell or patch-clamp currents), calcium imaging, membrane potential dyes, neurotransmitter release assays, and downstream signaling markers in heterologous expression systems or primary neurons.
• Experimental considerations: control extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+ (which influence NMDARs and synaptic properties), use selective antagonists (e.g., NBQX or APV in literature) to isolate receptor subtypes, and validate concentration–response relationships in your system.
• Stability/handling: prepare fresh working solutions; avoid strong light and extremes of pH that can compromise heteroaromatic amino acid analogs.

Notes

• Exact receptor subtype selectivity and potency can vary with assay system, species, and expression constructs. Consult primary literature and validate in your model.
• Defer to the CoA for salt form and exact mass to calculate accurate molar concentrations for biological experiments.

Buffer Applications

Not typically applicable: ATPA is a ligand and not a buffering agent.

Practical assay buffer notes (general, to aid use of this ligand)

• Common buffers: HEPES- or phosphate-based buffers at physiological pH are frequently used for biochemical assays; for electrophysiology, use ACSF or appropriate extracellular solutions with controlled osmolarity and divalent cations.
• pH control: dissolution may benefit from slight pH adjustment; avoid strong base/acid that could degrade heteroaromatic motifs.
• Filtration: 0.22 µm filtration of final working solutions is recommended for cell-based assays to ensure clarity and sterility.

For buffer recipes and specifications, follow your laboratory’s validated protocols; ATPA itself does not provide buffering capacity.

Green Alternatives

Context: As a specialized bioactive ligand, ATPA is generally used at micromolar to millimolar concentrations in small volumes. “Green” considerations primarily concern solvent and workflow rather than replacement by another chemical.

Greener handling strategies (general)

• Prefer aqueous buffers where compatible with your assay; limit DMSO to the minimum effective concentration and include vehicle controls.
• Use pre-made, single-use aliquots to avoid freeze–thaw waste and to reduce the need for stabilizers or repeat dissolutions.
• Implement microplate-based miniaturization to cut material and solvent consumption.
• Choose low-toxicity, phosphate- or HEPES-based buffers over volatile organics for dilutions.

Comparison of common solvent choices (general)

• DMSO: excellent solubilizer; widely accepted in screening. Tradeoff: potential cytotoxicity at higher percentages; hygroscopic.
• Water/physiological buffers: most benign option; may require pH adjustment for dissolution; stability should be verified.
• Alcohols (MeOH/EtOH): less preferred in living systems; consider only at very low percentages with appropriate controls.

Given the compound’s specialized role, there is no direct “green substitute” that preserves the same receptor pharmacology. Focus on solvent reduction, right-sizing experiments, and responsible waste segregation to improve sustainability.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is provided strictly for research use only.

Context (general; no therapeutic claims)

• Role in R&D: ATPA is commonly used as a reference agonist or tool compound in discovery biology to probe ionotropic glutamate receptor pharmacology and to benchmark assay performance.
• Formulation in research: typically prepared as DMSO master stocks and diluted into aqueous assay media. Salt form and purity should be confirmed on the CoA prior to calculating dosing concentrations.
• Regulatory status: No pharmacopeial monograph or excipient status is claimed for this item. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as a drug substance/excipient.

Users engaged in formulation feasibility or preclinical method development should generate fresh stability data under their specific conditions and review the lot-specific CoA/SDS for handling constraints.

Physical Properties

Item-specific values

• Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, UV cutoff, water/peroxide/metal limits: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• LogP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general expectations for ATPA-like isoxazole amino acids (non-specification)

• Physical state: typically a polar, non-volatile, crystalline solid due to zwitterionic amino acid functionality.
• Ionization: expected to exist as a zwitterion near neutral pH (protonated amine, deprotonated carboxylate). Apparent pKa values will depend on substitution and salt form.
• Solubility tendencies: often soluble in polar protic media (water or buffers) with pH adjustment; readily soluble in DMSO for stock solutions used in screening assays; limited solubility in less polar organics.
• Hygroscopicity: amino acid analogs can be moisture sensitive; handling under dry conditions minimizes clumping and hydrolytic risk.
• Thermal behavior: many amino acid-type ligands char/decompose rather than boil; avoid prolonged heating.

Practical notes

• Prepare small, single-use aliquots to reduce freeze–thaw cycles that may affect assay performance.
• When preparing aqueous stocks, adjust pH carefully to avoid local over-basic conditions that can cause degradation of heteroaromatic motifs. Filter sterilize if sterility is required for cell-based work.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific information

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (as provided). Specific purity, residual solvents, identification tests, and salt form: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What Moligand™ typically signifies (general explanation; not a specification)

• Screening-oriented ligand quality: curated for small-molecule screening, probe discovery, and receptor pharmacology where consistent identity and reliability are critical.
• Documentation: lots are typically accompanied by CoA detailing identity confirmation (e.g., NMR/LC–MS/HPLC) and key attributes relevant to screening use; defer to the actual CoA for this item.
• Assay readiness: materials are commonly suitable for preparing DMSO stocks and for use in biochemical or cell-based assays when appropriately handled and filtered.

Implications for users

• Verify the exact salt form and hydration state on the CoA to calculate accurate stock concentrations (MW varies with salt/hydrate).
• For sensitive pharmacology assays, review UV background and impurity profile on the CoA to understand potential assay interference.
• If LC–MS quantitation is planned, obtain the lot-specific exact mass data from the CoA for method development.

Notes

• Any claims about UV cutoff, trace metals, bioburden/endotoxin, or specific purity percentages must come from the accompanying CoA/Spec Sheet for the delivered lot; otherwise treat them as unspecified.

Reaction and Applications

This product is a bioactive small-molecule ligand and is not typically employed as a reagent or solvent in synthetic organic reactions.

Relevant applications (research use; literature/general)

• Receptor pharmacology: used as a tool agonist to activate ionotropic glutamate receptors in biochemical, electrophysiological, and imaging assays.
• Systems neuroscience: application in slice or cultured neuron preparations to interrogate excitatory synaptic function and desensitization kinetics.
• Target validation: inclusion in screening panels to benchmark assay responsiveness and to profile antagonist activities.

Practical tips for assay preparation (general)

• Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks and dilute into assay buffer immediately prior to use; include vehicle controls.
• For electrophysiology, deliver via fast perfusion systems to capture rapid receptor activation/desensitization. Verify divalent cation content (e.g., Mg2+, Ca2+) and pH of the extracellular solution.
• Minimize light and heat exposure during experiments to reduce potential degradation of heteroaromatic functionalities.

If your intended use is a chemical transformation rather than receptor activation, this compound is not a typical choice; consider consulting our building-block or reagent categories for appropriate nucleophiles/electrophiles and catalysts.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable for this product’s intended use: ATPA is not employed as a reagent or solvent in chemical reactions.

Assay preparation conditions (general laboratory guidance)

• Stock preparation: dissolve in anhydrous DMSO or suitable aqueous buffer. Verify concentration using accurate MW from the CoA and, if needed, spectroscopic or gravimetric methods.
• Working solutions: prepare immediately before use; adjust pH and osmolarity of assay media. Maintain low DMSO carryover consistent with your biological system’s tolerance.
• Temperature: keep solutions chilled during setup when feasible; equilibrate to assay temperature (e.g., ambient or 37 °C) before dosing.
• Stability checks: for longer experiments, verify ligand stability over the assay timeframe by LC–MS or functional controls.

For chemical reaction parameters (solvent, catalyst, temperature, time), consult reagent-grade entries rather than this bioactive ligand.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard information

• GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-Statements/Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory safety guidance for small-molecule amino acid analog ligands (not item-specific)

• Expected hazards: may cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract as a fine powder. Avoid generating dust/aerosols.
• Personal protective equipment: laboratory coat, appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile), and safety glasses or face shield. Handle inside a fume hood or ventilated enclosure when weighing powders.
• Incompatibilities: strong oxidizers and strong bases/acids may promote degradation of heteroaromatic groups. Avoid prolonged exposure to moisture; store desiccated as directed.
• First aid overview: in case of skin/eye contact, rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth with water. Seek medical attention for any persistent symptoms. Always follow the SDS.
• Spill/accidental release: avoid dust; gently sweep/spatula solid into a suitable container for disposal. Wash area with minimal solvent while preventing environmental release.
• Waste disposal: dispose of according to institutional and local regulations for organic laboratory chemicals; do not discharge to drains.

Always consult the official SDS for authoritative hazard data and emergency procedures.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: ATPA is a polar, amino acid-like ligand. Solvent choice is driven by biological assay needs rather than synthetic transformations.

General solvent guidance (literature/general; not item-specific specs)

• DMSO: common for primary stocks (e.g., high-millimolar); miscible with water/buffer upon dilution. Protect from repeated freeze–thaw. Verify assay tolerance to final DMSO percentage (often ≤0.1–0.5% v/v in cell assays).
• Aqueous buffers: dissolution may improve with mild pH adjustment. Dissolve with gentle stirring/sonication. Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) for cell-based work. Avoid strong base/acid to prevent degradation.
• Water-miscible co-solvents: methanol or ethanol are generally less preferred for cell assays; if used, keep final content very low and validate against controls.

Polarity and miscibility profile (general)

• Polarity class: highly polar/zwitterionic at neutral pH.
• Miscibility: favors polar protic media; insoluble or poorly soluble in apolar solvents (hexanes, toluene).

Selection scenarios

• Biochemical assays: prepare a DMSO master stock and dilute into HEPES or phosphate buffer; include vehicle controls.
• Electrophysiology: prepare fresh aqueous working solutions to target concentration shortly before use; adjust pH and osmolarity of the perfusate.
• Long-term storage stocks: concentrate in anhydrous DMSO, aliquot, and store per guidance to minimize hydrolysis.

Always confirm exact solubility limits and salt form on the item’s CoA prior to preparing high-concentration stocks.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage and shipping (from Product Data)

• Storage Conditions: Desiccated, Store at -80°C.
• Shipped In: Dry ice packs + Cold packs.

General reconstitution guidance (not item-specific specifications)

• Solvent choice: prepare concentrated master stocks in anhydrous DMSO or in aqueous buffer with gentle pH adjustment. Confirm exact MW and salt form from the CoA to calculate molarity accurately.
• Aliquoting: make single-use aliquots (e.g., for one experiment or plate) to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Store aliquots tightly sealed, desiccated, and protected from light at -80°C.
• Thawing: thaw on ice; mix gently to avoid foaming. After dilution into assay media, use promptly.
• Sterility: for cell-based applications, pass working solutions through a 0.22 µm filter. Employ aseptic technique to prevent contamination.
• Stability: assess short-term stability in your assay matrix (DMSO, buffer) experimentally. Discard solutions showing precipitation, discoloration, or unexpected activity loss.

Labeling and documentation

• Record lot number, preparation date, concentration, solvent, and calculated MW used. Attach the CoA to your lab record to ensure traceability and reproducibility.

For any uncertainties on solubility or compatibility, defer to the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for the delivered lot.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: ATPA is supplied as a Moligand-grade small-molecule ligand for research screening and receptor pharmacology.

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• SKU: A1493321
• Product Name: ATPA
• CAS: 140158-50-5
• PubChem CID: 2253 (as provided)
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (literature/general description; not item-specific specifications)

• Functional groups: commonly described as an amino acid analog bearing a primary amine (α-amino), a carboxylic acid (α-carboxyl), and a heteroaromatic isoxazole ring.
• Stereochemistry: the α-carbon is chiral; ATPA is frequently referenced as a racemate in literature unless otherwise specified.
• 2D structure in words: an alanine-like backbone (–NH2–CH(R)–CO2H) where R is a substituted isoxazolyl moiety; the isoxazole contributes one N and one O in a five-membered ring with an exocyclic hydroxyl at the 3-position in many analogs.

Notes

• Exact salt form, counterions, and stereochemical composition materially affect formula/MW and should be confirmed on the item’s CoA.
• Any structural depictions in literature may not reflect the precise material supplied here; defer to the lot-specific documentation for definitive identity details.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable: ATPA is supplied as a bioactive ligand for receptor pharmacology and screening, not as a building block or reagent for multistep organic synthesis.

General chemical perspective (literature)

• Functional groups: amino acid functionality (amine + carboxylate) and a heteroaromatic isoxazole ring would, in principle, allow protection/derivatization strategies (e.g., esterification, amide coupling) in a synthetic setting.
• However, due to its intended role as a receptor agonist with defined substitution, derivatization may alter pharmacology significantly and is not generally pursued by end users.

If you require an isoxazole building block or protected amino acid derivative for synthesis, consider browsing Aladdin’s catalog of heteroaromatic building blocks and protected amino acid reagents that are designed for synthetic applications.

Target Specificity

Only information from Product Data may be presented in this section.

• Target/antigen, epitope, clone/isotype, or species reactivity: Not specified for this item.

Note: While ATPA is widely discussed in literature as a selective agonist within ionotropic glutamate receptors, no item-specific target specificity claims are provided here. Users should consult primary literature and perform system-specific validation.