bpV(bipy) hydrate , CAS No.1173697-60-3

CAS: 1173697-60-3 Cat. No.: B1438626 Formule: C₁₀H₁₆KN₂O₉V Poids moléculaire: 398.28

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Vue d’ensemble

bpV(bipy) hydrate is the inhibitor for phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase ( PTEN ) and protein tyrosine phosphatases ( PTP-β and PTP-1B ) with IC 50 s of 18, 60.3, and 164 nM, respectively.

Specifications

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Store at -20°C

Expédié en

Ice chest + Ice pads

Ce produit nécessite l'expédition en chaîne froide. Les services terrestres et autres services économiques ne sont pas disponibles.

Noms et identifiants

Poids moléculaire

398.28

Application Protocols

No item-specific, validated protocols are provided. The following are literature-based starting points for research use only; adjust per your assay and consult primary references.

A. Preparation of stock solutions (biochemical assays)

• Dissolve the solid in dry DMSO to 10–50 mM. Vortex gently under low light. If insoluble, warm briefly to room temperature or add acetonitrile co-solvent. Filter through 0.2 µm PTFE if needed. Store aliquots at -20°C protected from light. Prepare fresh working solutions just before use.

B. Enzyme assay addition

• Dilute stock into cold assay buffer to reach a final concentration range typical for PTP inhibition studies (e.g., 10 nM–10 µM, literature range). Keep DMSO ≤1% v/v. Include vehicle controls and, if relevant, redox controls.

C. Oxidation reaction setup (synthetic)

• In a dry vial under inert atmosphere, dissolve substrate in MeCN (0.1–0.5 M). Add 1–5 mol% of the complex. Cool to 0–10°C. Add 30% H2O2 dropwise with stirring while monitoring. Quench with Na2SO3 after completion. Work up and purify as usual. Confirm removal of vanadium.

These protocols are general and not product specifications. Conduct small-scale trials and adhere to institutional safety procedures.

Biological Roles

General literature context (not product-specific, no clinical claims)

• Phosphatase modulation: Peroxovanadates are well-established transition-state analogs/inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). bpV complexes bearing diimine ligands (e.g., bipyridine) often display potent and broad PTP inhibition in cell-free and cell-based research, owing to the ability of peroxo–vanadium species to mimic phosphate in enzyme active sites.
• PTEN and related lipid/protein phosphatases: Certain bpV complexes have been reported to inhibit PTEN and related phosphatases in biochemical assays, thereby modulating PI3K/AKT signaling in research models. Use strictly for mechanistic studies.
• ROS and redox signaling: Decomposition and redox cycling can generate reactive oxygen species under some conditions, influencing redox-sensitive pathways; this necessitates careful controls (antioxidants, time-matched vehicle).
• Cellular handling: Uptake and intracellular stability depend on ligand lipophilicity; bipyridine generally increases membrane permeability relative to simple vanadates, though speciation in biological media can be complex.
• Practical implications: Prepare fresh solutions, limit exposure to light and heat, and include vehicle controls (e.g., DMSO) and time-course analyses to assess stability-dependent effects.

Note: Biological activity can be highly context-dependent (cell type, buffer composition, pH). Always corroborate with appropriate controls and orthogonal readouts. No medical or therapeutic claims are made; this product is for research use only.

Buffer Applications

This product is not a buffer or buffering agent. However, solution preparation in buffers is relevant for biochemical assays.

General/literature guidance for preparing assay solutions

• Stock preparation: Dissolve in a minimal volume of dry DMSO to prepare a concentrated stock. Filter (0.2 µm) if particulates persist. Exact solubility for this item is not specified; determine empirically.
• Working buffer: Dilute stocks into cold, oxygen-poor buffer immediately prior to use. Mildly acidic buffers (e.g., acetate, MES, pH ~5.5–6.5) can improve peroxo stability relative to neutral/basic buffers.
• Avoid: Strongly basic buffers (e.g., Tris at pH >7.5) and high concentrations of reducing agents (DTT, β-mercaptoethanol) which can decompose peroxo groups.
• Ionic strength: Use standard physiological salts (e.g., 100–150 mM NaCl) unless assay dictates otherwise; monitor for precipitation.
• Controls: Include vehicle control (DMSO), buffer-only control, and, if relevant, H2O2 scavengers or catalase to probe redox contributions.

These are literature-based best practices. For definitive specifications or compatibility with a given buffer system, consult the CoA/SDS and verify experimentally on small scale.

Green Alternatives

Perspective: Peroxovanadium complexes are useful oxygen-transfer agents and biochemical probes, but they introduce heavy metal content and peroxo oxidizer hazards. Consider greener strategies when feasible.

Alternative approaches (literature/general)

• Hydrogen peroxide with organocatalysts or biomimetic catalysts (e.g., polyoxometalates, Ti–silicalite TS-1, or Fe/TAML) reduces vanadium waste while leveraging benign H2O2.
• Aqueous or alcohol media with in situ-generated catalysts can minimize organic solvent use; however, peroxo stability must be managed.
• Electrochemical oxidation in water or MeOH can replace stoichiometric oxidants for certain transformations.
• Enzymatic oxidations (laccase/peroxidase systems) for selective substrate classes.

Trade-offs

• Selectivity: bpV(bipy) may offer different selectivity profiles versus organocatalysts; switching catalysts may require re-optimization.
• Rate and robustness: H2O2 systems can be substrate- and pH-sensitive; metal-free methods may be slower.
• Purity and downstream processing: Avoiding vanadium simplifies waste handling and metal residual concerns in products.

Condensed comparison (general)

• bpV(bipy): High activity oxygen donor; contains V, peroxo hazard; often needs polar aprotic solvents; cold/dark handling.
• H2O2 + organocatalyst: Greener oxidant; reduced metal content; may require higher catalyst loadings.
• Electrochemical: Minimal reagents; equipment and optimization needed; selectivity constraints.

Choose based on substrate scope, regulatory constraints (metal residues), and EHS objectives; pilot studies are recommended.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This item is not offered as a drug substance, excipient, or for any clinical use. It is designated For research use only.

General context (non-applicable specifics)

• Peroxovanadium complexes such as bpV–diimine adducts are used as biochemical research tools and oxidants in synthetic chemistry. They are not standard pharmaceutical excipients, and no pharmacopeial monographs are associated with these specialized complexes.
• If a project requires cGMP-grade materials, validated impurity profiles, or elemental impurity limits (ICH Q3D), alternative sourcing and extensive qualification would be necessary.

Formulation relevance in research settings (literature/general)

• Stock solutions are often prepared in DMSO for cell-free or cell-based assays, followed by dilution into aqueous buffers immediately before use. Adsorption to plastics and time-dependent decomposition must be considered.
• For any application involving contact with biological systems, ensure compliance with institutional biosafety approvals and perform thorough risk assessments due to oxidizer and heavy metal hazards.

No therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical claims are made for this product.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical data

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density, melting point, boiling point, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general properties for bpV–bipy class (non-specification)

• Physical state: Typically isolated as a crystalline or microcrystalline solid; color can vary from yellow to orange for peroxovanadium(V) complexes, depending on ligand set.
• Solubility: Many peroxovanadate–diimine complexes show good solubility in polar aprotic media (DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile) and variable solubility in water and alcohols; exact solubility of this item is not specified.
• Stability: Peroxo ligands are moisture- and light-sensitive; gradual decomposition (oxygen release/reduction of V(V)) may be observed in aqueous solutions, especially at elevated temperature or neutral/basic pH (literature trend). Acidic, cold, and low-light conditions typically enhance solution stability.
• Partitioning: The 2,2′-bipyridine chelate increases organic solvent compatibility relative to simple vanadates; logP is system-dependent and not generally reported for these complexes.
• pKa: Not typically defined for the intact complex; hydrolysis may yield vanadate species with acid–base equilibria (literature).

Use these literature notes for planning only; rely on the CoA/SDS for definitive physical specifications of this catalog item.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How to interpret grades for coordination complexes (general guidance)

• Research grade: Typical for lab reagents intended for discovery and screening; suitable for synthetic and biochemical studies. May not include trace-metal analyses unless stated.
• Purity reporting: For metal complexes, purity is commonly determined by elemental analysis, NMR where applicable, and spectroscopic signatures (UV–Vis). Residual starting materials (ligand, vanadate) and water content (hydrate level) are key metrics; if not listed, consult the CoA.
• Stabilizers: Peroxo-vanadium complexes are sometimes stabilized by controlled hydration, low temperature, and dark storage. No stabilizers are specified for this item.
• Batch documentation: Request the current CoA for the exact hydration state, assay, residual peroxide evaluations, and any counterion identification. These affect molecular weight and molar calculations.

What is specific for this item

• Storage: Store at -20°C (per Product Data). Cold-chain shipment in ice chest with ice pads is used to limit peroxo decomposition.
• Research use note: For research use only.

Recommendations

• Verify identity and purity prior to quantitative use via suitable methods (e.g., UV–Vis bands characteristic of peroxovanadium, elemental analysis, or ESI-MS), guided by the CoA.
• For quantitative biochemical assays, prepare fresh stocks and normalize by active content if the hydrate level varies.

Reaction and Applications

This section summarizes common uses of peroxovanadium(V)–bipyridine complexes; it is general literature guidance and not a guarantee of performance for a specific batch.

Oxidation chemistry (literature)

• Oxygen-transfer reagent/catalyst: Facilitates epoxidation of alkenes, oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides/sulfones, and hydroxylation reactions, often in the presence of H2O2 as co-oxidant.
• Mechanistic notes: The η2-peroxo ligands participate in electrophilic oxygen transfer; ligand electronics (bipyridine) modulate redox potential and stability of active species.
• Practical tips: Work under subdued light and cool temperatures. Use dry, oxygen-free solvents when selective oxidation is needed. Add H2O2 slowly at 0–25°C with vigorous stirring; monitor by TLC/GC or in situ UV–Vis. Avoid excess base.

Biochemical tool compound (literature)

• Phosphatase inhibition: Peroxovanadates are broad inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and certain bpV complexes are widely used probes/modulators in signal transduction studies. Use only for research; no clinical uses are implied.
• Handling in assays: Prepare fresh concentrated stocks (e.g., in DMSO), filter if needed, and dilute into cold buffer immediately before use. Evaluate time-dependent activity due to peroxo decay.

Materials/analytical contexts

• Potential use as an oxygen donor standard or to generate reactive oxygen species under controlled conditions for mechanistic studies.

Always verify with small-scale trials and consult primary literature for substrate-specific conditions.

Reaction Conditions

General literature conditions for peroxovanadium(V)–bipyridine mediated oxidations (non-item-specific; examples for planning only)

• Epoxidation of alkenes

  • Solvent: Acetonitrile or dichloromethane/MeCN mixtures; alcohols possible with care.
  • Oxidant: 30% H2O2 (aqueous) added dropwise.
  • Catalyst loading: 1–10 mol% of bpV–bipy complex relative to substrate.
  • Temperature/time: 0–25°C, 0.5–6 h depending on substrate.
  • Notes: Control addition rate to minimize over-oxidation; buffer with mild acid if needed to stabilize peroxo species.

• Oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

  • Solvent: MeOH, EtOH, or MeCN.
  • Oxidant: H2O2 or urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP) as a solid source.
  • Temp/time: 0–20°C, 0.25–2 h for selective sulfoxide formation.
  • Notes: Monitor closely to avoid sulfone formation; lower temperature improves selectivity.

• Alcohol oxidation (selected substrates)

  • Solvent: MeCN with small amounts of water.
  • Oxidant: H2O2.
  • Conditions: Room temperature, several hours; yields vary and are substrate-dependent.

Operational guidance

• Work under reduced light and avoid strong bases or nucleophiles.
• Quench excess H2O2 with sodium sulfite or catalase after completion.
• Remove vanadium by aqueous extraction at basic pH or by metal-scavenging resins; verify by ICP if required.

These conditions are drawn from representative literature for peroxovanadium systems and should be optimized for each substrate.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific safety fields

• Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS classification and pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety profile for peroxovanadium(V)–diimine complexes (literature/general)

• Hazard nature: Combines oxidizing functionality (peroxo ligands) with vanadium, a heavy metal with systemic toxicity upon sufficient exposure. Expect potential hazards including oxidizing solid, acute toxicity (oral/dermal/inhalation), eye/skin irritation, and aquatic toxicity.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses or face shield, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid reducing agents, combustible materials, strong bases (can accelerate peroxo decomposition), and acids that may trigger vigorous oxygen release. Avoid transition-metal powders and organics prone to oxidation.
• Handling tips: Minimize exposure to light and heat. Avoid grinding with organic materials. Prevent dust formation. Open containers under inert atmosphere if possible when preparing anhydrous stock solutions.
• First aid (overview, defer to SDS): If inhaled—move to fresh air; if on skin—wash with soap and water; if in eyes—rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if ingested—rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention in all cases of significant exposure.
• Waste: Treat as hazardous metal-containing oxidizer; collect for disposal per institutional and local regulations.

Always consult the product-specific SDS for authoritative guidance.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: Solvent choice is relevant for preparing stock solutions and for using bpV(bipy) as an oxidant or biochemical tool compound.

General/literature solvent behavior of bpV–bipy complexes (not item-specific)

• Polarity class: Polar coordination complex; often compatible with polar aprotic solvents.
• Likely good solvents: DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile. Many such complexes also dissolve in methanol/ethanol to varying degrees. Water solubility is system- and counterion-dependent.
• Miscibility considerations: If preparing aqueous working solutions (e.g., for biochemical assays), first dissolve in a small volume of DMSO and dilute into buffered water while stirring. Monitor for precipitation or color change (indicative of peroxo decomposition or hydrolysis).
• pH effects: Acidic aqueous media (pH ~4–6) typically enhance peroxo stability; neutral to basic conditions may accelerate O–O bond cleavage (literature trend).

When to choose alternatives

• For strictly aqueous systems, consider vanadate salts freshly prepared from sodium orthovanadate adjusted to the desired pH, if organic cosolvents are not acceptable.
• For oxidative transformations in green media, hydrogen peroxide with an in situ catalyst can sometimes replace preformed peroxovanadium complexes.

Comparison (literature/general)

• DMSO: maximizes solubility and stock stability; can coordinate weakly and may complicate some redox assays.
• MeCN: good UV transparency and low proticity; suitable for oxygen-transfer reactions.
• Alcohols/water: convenient but may shorten peroxo lifetime; use chilled, slightly acidic conditions and prepare fresh.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific conditions

• Storage: Store at -20°C (per Product Data).
• Shipping: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads to maintain a low temperature during transit.

General handling and reconstitution guidance for peroxovanadium(V) complexes

• Light and moisture protection: Keep container tightly closed in a desiccated environment. Protect from light to limit peroxo degradation.
• Opening: Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation.
• Reconstitution: Prepare concentrated stocks in dry, oxygen-poor DMSO or acetonitrile. For aqueous applications, dilute immediately into cold buffer with gentle mixing. The exact solubility and concentration limits for this item are not specified; verify empirically.
• Aliquoting: Dispense single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw and headspace oxygen exposure.
• Stability notes (literature/general): Peroxo ligands can decay over time, especially in neutral/basic aqueous media or at elevated temperature. Prepare fresh working solutions and monitor for visual/color changes or activity loss.
• Disposal: Treat as metal-containing oxidizer; follow institutional hazardous waste protocols.

Always consult the product CoA and SDS for definitive storage, stability, and handling information for this catalog item.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: bpV(bipy) hydrate is a peroxovanadium(V) coordination complex incorporating 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and peroxo ligation; supplied as a hydrate.

• Item-specific identifiers:

  • SKU: B1438626
  • CAS: 1173697-60-3
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general/literature description for bpV–bipy class):

  • Central vanadium in the +5 oxidation state (V(V)) coordinated by one oxo (V=O) and two η2-peroxo ligands (–O–O–), giving a peroxido-oxovanadium(V) core.
  • A neutral bidentate N^N chelate from 2,2′-bipyridine, completing the coordination sphere.
  • Overall complex often encountered as a neutral or anionic species depending on exact stoichiometry and counterions (not specified for this item).
  • Hydrate indicates lattice/coordination water present; degree of hydration not specified.

• 2D structure in words (literature/general):

  • A distorted octahedral vanadium center bearing: one short V=O bond trans/cis to peroxo groups, two side-on O–O peroxo ligands, and a chelating 2,2′-bipyridine spanning two adjacent coordination sites. The bipyridine consists of two fused pyridyl rings connected at the 2-positions, chelating via both ring nitrogens.

Synthetic Utility

Literature/general utility of bpV–bipy class complexes in synthesis

• Oxygen-transfer chemistry: Serve as preformed electrophilic oxygen donors or as catalysts/precatalysts with H2O2 for selective oxidations (epoxidation of alkenes, oxidation of sulfides and amines, Baeyer–Villiger-like transformations in certain cases).
• Selectivity control: The 2,2′-bipyridine ligand tunes redox potential and sterics relative to simple vanadates, affecting chemoselectivity (e.g., favoring sulfoxide over sulfone under controlled dosing of oxidant and temperature).
• Functional group tolerance: Generally compatible with halides, esters, and nitriles; sensitive toward strong nucleophiles, thiols, and bases which can decompose the peroxo moiety or re-coordinate the metal.
• Operational simplicity: Reactions can often be run at 0–25°C in MeCN, MeOH, or mixed solvents with incremental addition of H2O2; color changes (yellow/orange to pale) can indicate peroxo consumption.
• Recovery/reuse: Vanadium content can be removed post-reaction by aqueous extraction into basic water or scavenged with chelating resins; confirm by ICP-OES if metal residues are critical.

Caveats

• Avoid prolonged heating and basic conditions that accelerate peroxo cleavage.
• Use subdued light. Prepare catalysts fresh and verify activity on a model substrate before scale-up.

Note: None of the above constitutes item-specific specifications; consult primary literature for substrate-specific recipes.

Target Specificity

No immunological or molecular biology target specificity (e.g., antigen, clone, isotype) is provided for this item and such attributes are not applicable to a small-molecule coordination complex.

General literature note (for context only)

• Peroxovanadate complexes can inhibit multiple protein tyrosine phosphatases in biochemical assays, often lacking narrow target selectivity. Any apparent selectivity arises from ligand environment, cellular uptake, and assay conditions rather than antibody-like specificity. This does not constitute a product claim and should be validated in your experimental system.

Foire aux questions

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 1173697-60-3, the molecular formula is C10H16KN2O9V, and the molecular weight is 398.28 g/mol.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.