GRADE & PURITYPrimorTrace™?PrimorTrace™ — Aladdin's trace-metal-analysis line with ultra-low metal background. Use for ICP/AAS trace-metal work where contamination must be minimal.≥99.999% metals basisbeads,＞10 mesh
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal bromides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Bromine, and the heaviest metal atom an alkali metal.
External Descriptors
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1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
Not applicable as a ready-to-use bioassay reagent. No validated protocols (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, FC) are associated with this inorganic salt.
General lab preparation examples (non-validated; for illustration only)
Aqueous stock: To prepare 1.0 M CsBr, dissolve 21.281 g (literature MW basis) in water and bring to a final volume of 100 mL; filter if needed. Note: This calculation is an example based on literature MW and is not a product specification.
Halide exchange reaction charge: Combine substrate in dry DMF, add 2–3 equiv CsBr, heat to 80–100 °C with stirring; monitor by GC/LC. Adjust conditions per substrate.
Refer to peer-reviewed literature for application-specific protocols.
Biological Roles
This product is intended for research use only; the following is general biochemical context, not a product specification or clinical guidance.
General biology/biochemistry
Bromide (Br−) is a halide anion that can participate in haloperoxidase-catalyzed reactions and is transported by anion channels/transporters similarly to chloride. It is not generally considered an essential nutrient for humans, though bromoperoxidase chemistry is relevant in certain marine organisms.
Cesium (Cs+) has no known essential biological role. Due to its size, Cs+ can permeate some K+ channels, and is sometimes used experimentally to block or probe potassium conductance in electrophysiology (commonly as CsCl or CsMeSO3); such usage reflects ion-channel selectivity rather than a physiological role of cesium.
Laboratory relevance
High-ionic-strength bromide solutions can influence protein solubility via Hofmeister effects (bromide is moderately chaotropic compared with chloride). Careful titration of ionic strength can modulate macromolecular interactions.
Cesium salts are occasionally used in nucleic acid protocols where specific density or ionic effects are desired, though CsCl is far more common than CsBr for isopycnic centrifugation.
No medical or clinical uses are implied; all uses must be confined to laboratory research in appropriate models and systems.
Buffer Applications
Cesium bromide is not a buffering agent; it does not provide acid/base conjugate pairs. However, it can be used to adjust ionic strength or halide composition in aqueous systems.
Practical laboratory notes (general)
Ionic strength adjustment: Prepare CsBr solutions in deionized water to desired molarity (e.g., 0.1–1.0 M) for studies requiring specific halide activity or cesium ion effects.
Protein/nucleic acid work: Bromide is more chaotropic than chloride; incremental replacement of NaCl/KCl with CsBr can modulate solubility or binding equilibria. Validate effects empirically, as bromide may destabilize some complexes.
Electrophoresis: Not typically used in running buffers; substitution for chloride can alter conductivity and migration; use only with proper controls.
Preparation tips
Dissolve with gentle stirring; filter-sterilize if sterility is required (0.22 µm).
Store solutions in tightly sealed containers to limit CO2 ingress and concentration drift via evaporation.
For true buffering capacity, select established systems (e.g., phosphate, Tris, HEPES) appropriate to the target pH range and compatibility with bromide/cesium ions.
Green Alternatives
Choice of bromide source can influence EHS footprint, waste mass, and process energy.
Context (general)
CsBr offers high reactivity in SN2/halide exchange due to the cesium effect, but cesium salts are heavy and often more resource-intensive than sodium/potassium analogs. For simple aqueous ionic-strength needs or general bromide supply, NaBr or KBr may be greener and more economical.
Comparison (literature-based; not item-specific)
Greener substitutions for halide exchange:
Replace CsBr with KBr or NaBr when reaction rates/yields are acceptable; pair with phase-transfer catalysts or higher temperature to compensate.
Use catalytic bromination methods (e.g., HBr generated in situ from safer precursors) when compatible, reducing inorganic salt consumption.
Solvent selection: Prefer MeCN, 2-MeTHF/water biphasic with PTC, or ethanol/water where feasible over high-toxicity solvents (e.g., HMPA, NMP). DMSO/DMF carry regulatory concerns; consider sulfone-based or carbonate solvents when compatible.
Trade-offs
CsBr advantages: Enhanced reactivity in difficult substitutions; useful in moisture-sensitive perovskite syntheses where cation identity matters.
Alternatives: NaBr/KBr reduce critical metal usage and mass intensity but may require harsher conditions or give lower conversions.
Process notes
Optimize stoichiometry to near-stoichiometric halide usage; recover and recycle bromide-containing aqueous phases where possible. Employ closed-loop drying to minimize energy for desiccation of hygroscopic salts.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No therapeutic claims are made. The following are manufacturing/formulation-context notes from literature and general practice; they are not product specifications.
Excipient role
Cesium bromide is not a standard pharmacopeial excipient. Alkali bromides historically appeared in medicinal chemistry, but modern formulations overwhelmingly favor sodium/potassium salts when halides are needed.
Device and imaging materials (manufacturing context)
CsBr doped with europium (CsBr:Eu) is a well-known stimulable phosphor used in imaging plates for computed radiography. In that context, bromide purity, trap density, and moisture control during crystal/powder processing are critical to performance. Base CsBr quality can influence downstream phosphor properties.
Processing considerations
Hygroscopicity requires controlled-humidity handling for powder processing, pellet pressing, or crystal growth. Sintering and annealing should be conducted in dry, bromide-containing atmospheres to minimize halide loss.
Regulatory
No specific pharmacopeial monographs are commonly cited for CsBr as an excipient. For any use that interfaces with regulated environments, confirm compliance, impurity profiles, and leachables/extractables with the appropriate quality systems and the lot-specific CoA.
Physical Properties
Note: Values below labeled as literature/computed are for general reference only and are NOT specifications for this catalog item.
Item-specific
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point/decomposition: >1300 °C (sublimes/decomposes; literature)
Density (solid): ~4.43 g/cm³ at 25 °C (literature)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water; soluble in polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol) to a lesser extent; negligible solubility in nonpolar solvents (literature, qualitative)
Hygroscopicity: Moderate; picks up moisture from air under humid conditions (literature)
Refractive index: Not commonly specified for bulk salt; optical-grade single crystals have reported n in the IR region (literature)
pKa: Not applicable (salt of a strong acid/base)
Partitioning: Not applicable; inorganic ionic solid (logP not meaningful)
Practical notes (general)
Being an ionic halide, CsBr exhibits high lattice energy and high thermal stability among bromides. Aqueous solutions are neutral to slightly acidic depending on dissolved CO2. For optics/electronics use, trace hydration and sub-ppm impurities can significantly affect transparency/electrical behavior, so handle under dry conditions when purity of optical/electronic performance matters.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific
Grade/Purity: PrimorTrace™ (as provided)
What this means for this item: Specific impurity limits, trace-metal content, and optical/electronic grade parameters are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance on grade (context; not product-specific)
Trace-analytical/low-impurity halide salts are often selected for applications where alkali/transition metal contaminants, water, and halate/iodate impurities must be minimized (e.g., perovskite precursors, scintillator phosphors, optical crystals, and high-precision analytical standards).
For halides used in materials science, critical quality attributes commonly include:
Verification: Always consult the Certificate of Analysis for your lot to confirm suitability for sensitive applications (e.g., electronic/optoelectronic devices, ICP/trace analysis, or single-crystal growth).
Stabilizers/added agents
No stabilizers are listed for this product. If an anticaking agent or desiccant is used in packaging, it will be described in the CoA/specification; otherwise assume neat salt.
Method suitability
For ICP-OES/ICP-MS preparation, trace-grade salts minimize blank contribution. For perovskite synthesis (e.g., CsPbBr3), low-alkali cross-contaminants can reduce defect densities; confirm actual limits on the CoA.
Reaction and Applications
Applications span materials science and synthesis; below are general/literature uses (not product-specific claims):
Materials and device fabrication
Precursor to all-inorganic perovskites (e.g., CsPbBr3) and halide double perovskites; used in thin-film and nanocrystal syntheses. Control of Cs:Pb:Br stoichiometry and trace impurities is crucial for photophysical performance.
Component in scintillator and storage phosphor systems (e.g., CsBr:Eu for stimulable phosphor screens) in manufacturing contexts; purity influences trap density and afterglow.
Optical materials: Growth of CsBr single crystals for IR optics and windows; moisture control prevents surface fogging.
Synthetic/organic transformations (literature)
Halide exchange (Finkelstein-type) and SN2 activation: CsBr converts alkyl/allylic/tosylate substrates to the corresponding bromides in polar aprotic media (DMF, DMSO, MeCN). The “cesium effect” can enhance nucleophilicity of Br− by reducing tight ion pairing.
Phase-transfer alternatives: In some cases, CsBr in combination with crown ethers or under solvent-free conditions can promote substitution on hindered substrates.
Inorganics: Source of Br− in metathesis to prepare metal bromides; Cs+ partner can drive equilibria via precipitation of less soluble counter-salts.
Practical tips
Dry salts and anhydrous solvents improve halide exchange rates.
For thin films, prepare solutions under low humidity and filter (0.2 µm) before coating; anneal to remove residual solvent.
When targeting high-purity materials, avoid stainless-steel contact at elevated temperature to minimize Fe/Ni contamination.
Reaction Conditions
General literature guidance (not product specifications); optimize for your substrates and equipment.
Typical conditions: 1.5–4.0 equiv CsBr; 60–120 °C; 2–24 h depending on substrate (allylic/benzylic faster; secondary hindered slower).
Additives: 18-crown-6 or phase-transfer catalysts can accelerate difficult cases; base generally not required.
Workup: Dilute with water; extract organic layer; wash to remove residual salt; dry and concentrate.
Allylic/vinylic halide interconversion
Conditions: CsBr in DMF/MeCN at 50–80 °C can exchange Cl→Br on activated allylic substrates; monitor to limit isomerization.
Inorganic metathesis to prepare metal bromides
Aqueous or alcoholic media; stoichiometric mixing with target metal salt (e.g., nitrate/acetate) leads to precipitation of counter-salt; filter and dry under vacuum.
Perovskite precursor inks/films (materials)
Solvents: Water, DMSO/DMF, or mixed alcohols depending on system; concentrations 0.05–1.0 M CsBr typical for stock solutions.
Processing: Glovebox or low-RH environment (<30% RH) recommended. Filter (0.2 µm), spin/slot-die coat, then anneal at 80–150 °C to remove solvent.
Expected outcomes
SN2 conversions to bromides often provide good to excellent yields for primary/benzylic substrates; secondary/tertiary may favor elimination or require catalysts.
Always confirm compatibility with functional groups and scale, and consult primary literature for closely related substrates.
Safety and Handling
Always consult the SDS for authoritative safety information.
Item-specific hazard data (from Product Data)
Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General safety profile (literature/typical for alkali bromides; not product-specific)
Cesium bromide is generally considered of low acute toxicity but can cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion of large quantities of bromides may affect the nervous system and skin (bromism) per literature; avoid ingestion and dust inhalation.
Use in a well-ventilated area or fume hood to control dust. Avoid breathing dust and contact with eyes/skin.
PPE: lab coat, safety glasses or goggles, and chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). For dusty operations, use a suitable particulate respirator per risk assessment.
Incompatibilities: Strong acids may release hydrogen bromide mist; strong oxidizers may react with bromide under certain conditions. Avoid contact with nitrosating agents and peroxides in strongly acidic media.
Hygroscopicity: Store and handle in dry conditions to maintain material quality (especially for optical/electronic applications).
First aid (overview)
Eye/skin contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Solvent Selection
Cesium bromide is an ionic inorganic salt; it dissolves readily in water and polar protic media, sparingly in polar aprotic solvents, and is essentially insoluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Polarity and miscibility (literature; general)
Water: Highly soluble; forms neutral aqueous solutions.
Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH): Moderate solubility; heating can improve dissolution.
Polar aprotic (DMSO, DMF, NMP): Solubility varies; often adequate for halide-exchange reactions; water cosolvent can help.
Aqueous processing (electrolytes, crystallization, ion-exchange): Use deionized water; control pH and ionic strength.
Nucleophilic substitution/halide exchange in organics: Use high-dielectric polar aprotic solvents (DMF, DMSO, acetonitrile) to enhance Br− activity; dry solvent improves performance.
Thin-film deposition/precursor inks (materials science): Water or mixed alcohol–water systems are common. For moisture-sensitive device stacks, deposit under controlled humidity and dry/anneal films post-deposition.
Quick comparison (general)
CsBr vs KBr/NaBr: CsBr is less hydrated in some polar aprotics and can provide a stronger “cesium effect” (ion pairing reduction) in SN2 chemistry, but is denser and costlier. For purely aqueous ionic strength, NaBr/KBr are economical alternatives.
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific storage and shipping
Storage Conditions: Room temperature (as provided)
Shipped In: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General storage guidance (good practice; not item-specific)
Keep tightly closed in the original container. Store in a cool, dry place away from moisture and incompatible materials (strong acids releasing HBr mist; strong oxidizers).
For high-purity or optical/electronic uses, store under dry atmosphere or with a desiccant. Minimize headspace humidity by promptly recapping and, if feasible, handling in a glovebox or dry room.
Reconstitution/preparation (solutions)
Water-based solutions: Prepare with deionized water. For a nominal 1.0 M solution, dissolve the appropriate mass based on literature MW (~212.81 g/mol) and bring to volume; filter (0.22 µm) if particulate-free solutions are required.
Anhydrous processing: Dry the solid under vacuum at moderate temperature (e.g., 80–120 °C) prior to use if moisture is critical for your application; avoid overheating to prevent sintering.
Stability of solutions
Aqueous solutions are generally stable at ambient temperature for weeks if microbial growth is controlled; for long-term storage, sterile-filter and store in clean, sealed containers. Label with preparation date and concentration.
Research Use Note
For research use only.
Structure and Identity
Brief description: Cesium bromide is an inorganic alkali metal halide composed of cesium cations and bromide anions; a classic ionic solid and convenient source of Br− and Cs+ for materials and synthesis.
Item-specific (from Product Data)
SKU: C434112
Product Name: Cesium bromide
CAS: 7787-69-1
CID: 24592
InChIKey: 212634 (as provided)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/General identifiers (for reference; not product specifications)
Composed of a monocation Cs+ and a monovalent halide Br−; purely ionic bonding dominates.
Commonly crystallizes in a high-symmetry cubic lattice typical of alkali metal halides; coordination number 8 for Cs+ in the CsCl-type motif (phase behavior can vary with temperature/pressure; literature).
2D depiction: separate sphere/ion for Cs+ electrostatically associated with Br−; no covalent bonds or stereochemistry.
Bromide source (Br−): Enables halide exchange on organic substrates (alkyl chlorides/mesylates/tosylates → alkyl bromides) via SN2 pathways. Bromides are better leaving groups than chlorides, facilitating downstream transformations (e.g., Grignard formation, cross-couplings after conversion to organoboron/organozinc intermediates).
Counter-cation effects: The large, weakly solvated Cs+ cation can reduce tight ion pairing in polar aprotic solvents, enhancing nucleophilicity (“cesium effect”), often improving rates/yields relative to Na+/K+ counterparts in challenging substitutions.
Inorganic metathesis: CsBr participates in salt metathesis to prepare metal bromides or ionic liquids, where precipitation of a byproduct (e.g., NaCl, KCl) can drive equilibrium.
Retrosynthetic value
Converting less reactive chlorides/tosylates to bromides can open access to nucleophilic substitution manifolds at milder conditions. CsBr serves as a straightforward, neutral bromide donor with minimal side reactions.
Materials synthesis
As a cesium/halide source, CsBr underpins formation of all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbBr3) and mixed-halide phases. Fine control of halide composition allows bandgap tuning in optoelectronic materials. The absence of extraneous cations (Na+, K+) helps reduce defect-mediated nonradiative pathways.
Practical notes
Employ anhydrous conditions for organics; for materials, pre-dry CsBr and solvents to mitigate moisture-induced defects. Excess CsBr can be removed by aqueous workup or washing with minimal water/alcohol mixtures depending on substrate tolerance.
Target Specificity
Not applicable. This product is an inorganic salt (cesium bromide) and is not an antibody, probe, or biologic. No antigen/epitope specificity, clone, isotype, or species reactivity applies.
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