Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles - 20 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Cat. No.: S120432

GRADE & PURITY 20 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Vue d’ensemble

Silver nanoparticles with uniform particle size distribution in aqueous solution and stable performance. Silver nanoparticles with surface modification can be obtained by carrying amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups of different nanoparticle aggregation effect for the particles based on the high sensitivity detection. For the current needs of melamine in dairy products, introduced through a special chemical modification techniques coupled cyanuric acid molecule (MTT) of silver nanoparticles new products. The nanoparticles can sample trace melamine combined, resulting in color of the solution changes from yellow to black, dairy or feed for the rapid detection of melamine.

Specifications

Spécifications et pureté

20 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Store at 2-8°C

Expédié en

Wet ice

Ce produit nécessite l'expédition en chaîne froide. Les services terrestres et autres services économiques ne sont pas disponibles.

Application Protocols

Item-specific tested applications and dilutions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General example workflows (literature/general)

• UV–vis characterization
  1. Dilute an aliquot in halide-free deionized water to Amax ~0.5–1.0 at the SPR peak. 2) Record 300–800 nm spectrum. 3) Track peak position/FWHM over time to assess stability.
• DLS/zeta potential
  1. Filter water (0.02 µm) and rinse cuvettes with sample. 2) Measure hydrodynamic diameter and PDI at 25°C. 3) For zeta, use folded capillary cells; ensure conductivity within instrument range.
• SERS assay setup
  1. Mix AgNPs with analyte (1–10 µM) capable of H-bonding to cyanuric acid. 2) Optionally add a low concentration of salt (e.g., 1–5 mM MgSO4) to induce controlled aggregation. 3) Drop-cast on clean glass and dry in the dark; collect spectra with 532/633 nm excitation.
• Catalysis (4-nitrophenol reduction benchmark)
  1. Prepare 0.1 mM 4-NP in water; add freshly made NaBH4 to 10–50 mM. 2) Add a known volume of AgNP dispersion; mix rapidly. 3) Monitor A400 over time; fit ln(A/A0) vs t to extract apparent rate constants.

Notes

• Optimize ionic strength and pH to balance stability and performance.
• Avoid chloride-containing reagents unless precipitation/passivation is intended.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General discussion (literature/general; no clinical claims)

• Intrinsic biology: Silver nanoparticles exhibit broad interactions with biomolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) largely via surface adsorption, Ag+ release, and ROS-related pathways. Response depends on size, surface chemistry, and dose.
• Protein corona: In biological media, a dynamic corona of proteins forms rapidly, altering colloidal stability, cellular uptake, and surface reactivity. Cyanuric-acid-coated surfaces, being polar and hydrogen-bonding, will acquire coronas whose composition depends on medium and ionic strength.
• Cyanuric acid motif: The triazine/trione moiety participates in H-bonding; it is used in supramolecular recognition (e.g., melamine–cyanurate networks). On nanoparticle surfaces, this can mediate selective binding of complementary ligands or metabolites bearing multiple donors.
• Enzymatic interactions: No specific enzymatic role is associated with cyanuric acid on AgNPs; however, adsorption to enzymes can modulate activity (often inhibitory) in a system- and dose-dependent manner (literature observations).
• Toxicology considerations: Biological effects correlate with free Ag+; tighter surface binding and low oxidative dissolution generally reduce acute responses. Buffer composition (chloride, thiols) modulates Ag+ speciation and bio-availability.

Practical guidance for bio-oriented experiments

• Thoroughly characterize particle size, zeta potential, and stability in the actual bio-medium. Pre-equilibrate in serum-containing media to form a reproducible corona. Include ionic silver controls and perform mass balance for Ag.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific buffer guidance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General considerations for using cyanuric-acid AgNPs in buffers (literature/general)

• Compatibility: Avoid buffers rich in chloride (PBS), bromide, iodide, or sulfur-containing components (cysteine, DTT) that can form insoluble AgX or Ag–thiolate layers, altering optics and stability.
• Preferred systems: Low-halide buffers such as HEPES, MOPS, or acetate at modest ionic strength (≤10–25 mM as a starting point) often preserve dispersion. Verify experimentally via DLS and UV–vis.
• pH window: Cyanuric acid exhibits multiple deprotonation steps (literature pKa values in the ~6–10 range for the free ligand). Stability is commonly better above pH ~6 where surface charge is more negative; avoid strong acid where the shell is fully protonated and hydrogen-bonding can drive aggregation.
• Additives: Non-ionic surfactants (e.g., 0.01–0.05% Tween-20) or small amounts of PEG can improve steric stabilization without introducing reactive anions; confirm they do not mask the surface for your application (e.g., SERS).
• Filtration: Use low-protein-binding 0.22–0.45 µm filters cautiously; significant nanoparticle loss to membranes is common. Centrifugation-based exchange (gentle speeds) is often preferable.
• Storage in buffer: Minimize storage time after buffer exchange; aggregation risk increases over days. Prepare fresh working dispersions and keep at 2–8°C in the dark.

Green Alternatives

Context (general)

• AgNPs are valuable but silver is a scarce, toxic to aquatic life, and poorly recoverable when dispersed. Greener strategies target safer solvents, benign reducing agents, and enhanced recyclability.

Alternative materials/processes (literature/general)

• Alternative metals: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) offer similar plasmonics with often superior colloidal stability but higher cost and similar environmental concerns. Copper nanoparticles are cheaper but oxidatively unstable.
• Greener stabilizers/reductants: Plant polyphenols, ascorbate, glucose, or polysaccharides can reduce/stabilize AgNPs in water, minimizing hazardous reagents. Cyanuric acid is relatively simple and non-volatile; pairing with green reductants can improve overall profile.
• Greener solvents: Pure water is preferred; avoid high-boiling organics. Supercritical CO2 is not typical for AgNPs but offers solvent-free deposition in niche cases.
• Recovery/reuse: Immobilize AgNPs on recyclable supports (cellulose, chitosan, silica, magnetics) to aid separation and reduce nanoparticle release.

Comparison snapshot (not product specifications)

• Cyanuric acid–AgNPs vs citrate–AgNPs: cyanuric acid may provide stronger hydrogen-bonding/supramolecular recognition; citrate is food-grade and widely considered green, with excellent aqueous stability.
• Free colloids vs supported AgNPs: free colloids maximize accessible surface but raise release risks; supported catalysts ease recovery at some loss of mass activity.

Practical suggestions

• Select water as the continuous phase and avoid halide additives.
• Implement closed-loop wash streams and silver recovery from wastes (precipitation as AgCl then reduce to Ag0 under controlled conditions).

Pharmaceutical Uses

Item-specific pharmacopeial/grade information: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General, non-clinical context (no therapeutic claims)

• Formulation research: Silver nanoparticles are sometimes investigated in materials and device R&D (e.g., antimicrobial coatings, barrier films, diagnostic surfaces). Cyanuric-acid functionalization provides hydrogen-bonding and coordination sites that can be leveraged for layer-by-layer assemblies or for anchoring to polymer matrices.
• Excipient status: Cyanuric acid and AgNPs are not standard pharmaceutical excipients. Any use would require extensive safety, leachables, and biocompatibility evaluation. No compendial monograph is generally applicable to cyanuric acid–capped AgNPs.
• Manufacturing aids: In diagnostics manufacturing, AgNPs can serve as optical labels or conductive fillers in printed electronics associated with devices and test strips. Surface functionalization influences shelf-life, aggregation resistance, and printing rheology.
• Regulatory considerations: For any product-directed development, rigorous characterization (size, distribution, residual ionic silver, endotoxin/bioburden if relevant) and process controls are necessary. This catalog item is for research use only.

Practical guidance

• When screening binders/coatings, evaluate compatibility with halide-free, low-sulfur polymers to avoid Ag salt formation or surface passivation.
• Validate storage and accelerated aging conditions of prototype formulations with periodic UV–vis/DLS checks to detect early aggregation.

Physical Properties

Item-specific properties (from Product Data)

• Appearance, concentration, particle size, dispersant/solvent, ligand loading, zeta potential: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature properties for cyanuric-acid-capped AgNPs (not product specifications)

• Optical: AgNPs exhibit a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) commonly in the 380–450 nm range in water, red-shifting with larger core size, higher refractive index media, or interparticle coupling (literature).
• Dispersibility: cyanuric acid functionalization favors dispersion in water and polar protic media; ionic strength, pH, and counterions strongly modulate stability (literature).
• Thermal behavior: organic shell decomposes well below the bulk Ag melting point; Ag cores sinter upon heating, causing irreversible aggregation (literature).
• Density: effective colloid density depends on dispersant; bulk silver density 10.49 g/cm³ (literature, for context only).
• Solubility: nanoparticles are not “soluble” in the thermodynamic sense; they form colloidal dispersions. Stability decreases with high salt or in media containing strong Ag-binding anions (e.g., Cl−, Br−, S2−) that can induce AgX formation or etching (literature).
• pH effects: deprotonation of cyanuric acid (pKa values in the ~6–10 range, literature for free ligand) influences surface charge; near isoelectric conditions aggregation is more likely.
• Refractive index: bulk Ag has a high, dispersive complex refractive index; for colloids, Mie scattering dominates optical response (literature).

Measurement recommendations

• Verify size (TEM), hydrodynamic diameter (DLS), zeta potential, UV–vis SPR, and ligand coverage (XPS/TGA) for your batch. Use CoA values for item-specific parameters.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific quality information (from Product Data)

• Grade/purity, stabilizer identity, particle size specification, concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance on quality metrics for functionalized AgNPs (literature/general)

• Size and dispersity: Report TEM core size (mean ± SD) and DLS hydrodynamic diameter/PDI. Narrow distributions improve optical and catalytic reproducibility.
• Surface chemistry: Confirm cyanuric-acid functionalization by XPS (N 1s, O 1s with characteristic binding energies), FTIR (C=O stretches), and TGA (organic loading). Elemental analysis/ICP-OES can quantify Ag content.
• Optical quality: Low baseline absorbance outside the SPR band and absence of long-wavelength scattering tails indicate low aggregation. Stability under salt and pH challenge tests is useful.
• Residuals: Quantify free ligand, reducing agents, and ionic silver (Ag+) by dialysis, ultrafiltration, or ultracentrifugation, and analyze supernatants (UV–vis, IC, ICP). Trace ionic silver can confound biological/materials tests.
• Batch-to-batch control: Monitor zeta potential and SPR peak position; deviations often flag changes in size or shell density. Record pH and conductivity of the supplied dispersion.
• Functional performance: If intended for SERS or catalysis, provide a standard benchmark (e.g., 4-nitrophenol reduction rate constant, or SERS EF for a probe molecule). These are literature-style metrics; use CoA values for this item when available.

Documentation

• For regulated labs and critical experiments, request the CoA, SDS, and any available TEM/DLS/XPS characterization data for the specific lot of S120432.

Reaction and Applications

Item-specific applications from catalog: Not specified beyond the product name; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature applications for cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs

• SERS substrates: AgNPs provide strong electromagnetic enhancement. Cyanuric-acid shells can participate in analyte preconcentration via hydrogen bonding/heteroatom coordination, improving SERS sensitivity for complementary molecules (e.g., melamine-class triazines). Control interparticle spacing to tune hot spots.
• Catalysis: AgNPs catalyze reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with NaBH4), selective oxidations (e.g., alcohols under O2 with co-catalysts), and coupling of nitroaromatics. The polar shell facilitates aqueous-phase catalysis and substrate access.
• Supramolecular assembly: Cyanuric acid forms triply hydrogen-bonded networks with melamine, enabling programmed aggregation or surface patterning of AgNPs for sensing or metamaterial fabrication.
• Antifouling/antimicrobial materials R&D: Embedding AgNPs in polymers/coatings is widely studied for material preservation; evaluate release rates and leaching. No clinical/medical claims are made for this product.
• Photonics/ink formulations: The sharp, size-dependent SPR enables optical inks, security printing, and plasmonic filters; cyanuric acid offers post-functionalization handles.

Practical tips

• Keep ionic strength low during assembly; use salt ramps to induce controlled aggregation for SERS. Validate by UV–vis (SPR shift/broadening), DLS, and TEM.
• To benchmark catalytic activity, normalize rates to Ag surface area (from TEM size distribution) and report turnover frequencies.
• Remove excess free ligand before sensitive applications (dialysis/centrifugation) to avoid competitive adsorption.

Reaction Conditions

Item-specific reaction/catalysis conditions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Representative literature conditions using AgNPs (for guidance only; adjust to your system)

• 4-Nitrophenol reduction benchmark: Aqueous medium, 0.1–1.0 mM 4-NP, large excess NaBH4 (10–100 mM) to maintain pseudo-first-order kinetics; room temperature (20–25°C); low AgNP loadings (nM to µM in particle concentration). Monitor at 400 nm; apparent rate constants typically 10−3–10−1 s−1 depending on particle size and coverage.
• Alcohol oxidation: Aqueous/alcoholic solvent, O2 or air as oxidant, base (e.g., Na2CO3), 25–80°C; AgNPs sometimes combined with co-catalysts (e.g., TEMPO) to improve selectivity.
• SERS measurement: Acquire UV–vis to locate SPR; excite near the SPR shoulder with common lasers (e.g., 532 or 633 nm). Induce mild aggregation (e.g., low mM MgSO4) to generate hot spots, then add analyte capable of H-bonding with cyanuric-acid shell; avoid halides.
• Supramolecular assembly: Mix with complementary melamine derivatives in water at neutral pH; ionic strength 1–10 mM; observe rapid network formation via H-bonding. Confirm by DLS (size increase) and TEM.

Operational tips

• Maintain low-halide, oxygen-controlled conditions for reproducible optical properties.
• Always run controls without nanoparticles and with ionic Ag+ to disentangle surface vs dissolved-silver effects.
• Validate that cyanuric-acid shell survives the chosen pH/temperature by FTIR/XPS post-reaction.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard data (from Product Data)

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.
• Research Use Only: For research use only.

General safety guidance for silver nanoparticle dispersions (literature/general)

• Hazards: Finely divided silver is hazardous to the aquatic environment and may cause skin/eye irritation or respiratory discomfort as aerosols. Nanoparticles can exhibit behavior distinct from bulk materials; minimize inhalation and environmental release.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety goggles, and chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure when transferring, sonicating, or drying to avoid aerosol formation.
• Handling: Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and with anions that form insoluble Ag salts (Cl−, Br−, I−, S2−); precipitation can release heat and foul glassware. Prevent contamination with transition-metal ions that may promote galvanic etching.
• Spill response: Contain with inert absorbent; collect for metal waste disposal. Do not wash into drains. Wet-wipe surfaces to capture nanoscale residues.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS): Eye/skin contact—rinse with water for 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Inhalation—move to fresh air. Ingestion—rinse mouth; seek medical attention as appropriate.
• Waste: Dispose according to institutional and local regulations for silver-containing and nanomaterial wastes. Consider chemical reduction/aggregation followed by solid waste disposal via a licensed contractor.
• Storage incompatibilities: Avoid chloride-rich environments for long-term storage; keep containers tightly closed to prevent evaporation and concentration changes that promote aggregation.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific dispersant/solvent: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs (literature/general)

• Polarity class: The cyanuric-acid shell is polar and hydrogen-bonding capable; such particles typically disperse best in water and polar protic solvents. Stability is dominated by electrostatic and hydration forces.
• Miscibility profile: If supplied in water, the dispersion will be miscible with most aqueous buffers. Introducing miscible organics (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol) can lower dielectric constant and compress the double layer—titrate slowly and monitor for aggregation.
• pH/ionic strength: Maintain moderate ionic strength (<10–50 mM as a starting guideline) and avoid multivalent salts that screen charges and bridge particles. Adjust pH to keep cyanuric-acid moieties appropriately deprotonated for electrostatic stabilization (literature: acidic pH often reduces stability).
• Anion effects: Avoid halides (especially Cl−) and sulfur-containing anions (S2−, HS−, thiosulfate) that react with Ag to form insoluble salts or tarnish the surface.
• Degassing: Not typically required; however, oxidative etching in the presence of dissolved O2 and halides can shift SPR over time. For sensitive optical experiments, use deionized, low-halide water and minimize light exposure.

Comparison (general)

• Water: best colloidal stability, green, easy handling.
• Alcohol/water mixtures: tunable viscosity/wetting; higher aggregation risk.
• Pure organics (MeOH, EtOH): often destabilizing unless grafted steric stabilizers are present; test empirically on small aliquots first.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific instructions (from Product Data)

• Storage conditions: Store at 2–8°C.
• Shipping: Shipped on wet ice.

Additional guidance (general)

• Light/evaporation: Store in the dark in tightly sealed containers to prevent photochemical changes and solvent evaporation that can increase ionic strength and promote aggregation.
• Freeze–thaw: Avoid freezing unless the CoA explicitly allows it; ice crystallization concentrates solutes and often irreversibly aggregates nanoparticles.
• Headspace: Minimize air headspace to lessen oxidative processes; inert headspace (N2) can be beneficial for long-term optical stability.
• Container choice: Use clean, low-binding glass or high-quality polypropylene. Pre-rinse with dispersant to minimize adsorption losses. PTFE-lined caps recommended.

Reconstitution/handling (if supplied as concentrate or after buffer exchange; item-specific details not provided)

• If concentrated: Dilute with halide-free, low-conductivity water to working optical density; gently invert to mix. Avoid vigorous vortexing that introduces bubbles and shear.
• Buffer exchange: Use centrifugal filters (e.g., 50–100 kDa MWCO) at low g-force to avoid pelleting; or dialyze against desired halide-free buffer, monitoring UV–vis for aggregation.
• Post-storage QC: Before use, check UV–vis SPR position/shape and DLS size/PDI. If broadening/red-shift is observed, gently sonicate in a bath sonicator for 1–2 minutes and recheck.

Always defer to the CoA/SDS for lot-specific stability and handling guidance.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• Product: Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
• SKU: S120432
• CAS, CID, InChIKey, SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula, Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General description of structure (literature/general)

• Core–shell concept: a metallic silver (Ag0) nanocrystalline core coated with an organic ligand shell derived from cyanuric acid (1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione). The shell provides colloidal stability and a chemically addressable surface.
• Functional groups: cyanuric acid presents a 1,3,5-triazine ring bearing three carbonyl (imide) groups. On metal surfaces it typically binds via deprotonated imide oxygens/nitrogens, offering multidentate or hydrogen-bonding interactions.
• Surface chemistry: the triazine/carbonyl array can engage in H-bonding (notably complementary recognition with melamine), metal–ligand coordination, and further derivatization through amide/imide chemistry after suitable activation.
• 2D verbal structure: spherical (or quasi-spherical) Ag nanoparticles (nanoscale domains of fcc silver) surrounded by a monolayer or mixed layer of cyanuric acid-derived ligands; outward-facing carbonyl and ring nitrogens create a polar surface amenable to aqueous dispersion and supramolecular assembly.

Notes on identity controls (general guidance)

• Typical identifiers for such materials include UV–vis surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band position, TEM-derived core size, DLS hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, XPS for surface nitrogen/oxygen signatures, and TGA for organic shell loading. Specific values are not provided here; consult the CoA.

Synthetic Utility

General synthetic roles for cyanuric-acid functionalized AgNPs (literature/general)

• Heterogeneous nanocatalyst: AgNPs catalyze aqueous reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol, nitroarenes) with NaBH4, and certain oxidative transformations (alcohols, aldehydes) under O2, often at room temperature. The cyanuric-acid shell maintains dispersion and can influence substrate approach via hydrogen bonding.
• Surface-directed assembly: The triazine/trione motif enables programmed hydrogen-bonding scaffolds (e.g., with melamine) to organize nanoparticles into arrays or films—useful for SERS hot-spot engineering and metamaterials.
• Ligand exchange platform: Cyanuric acid can be partially displaced or co-assembled with other ligands (amines, thiols, polymers), allowing modular post-functionalization while retaining colloidal stability.
• Support integration: Immobilization on oxides (SiO2, Al2O3), carbons, or biopolymers (cellulose, chitosan) combines the recognition properties of cyanuric acid with mechanical robustness and easier recovery.
• Analytical probes: As SERS-active colloids, functionalized AgNPs serve in chemical sensing of H-bond-competent analytes; cyanuric acid can preconcentrate complementary donors at the metal surface.

Practical notes

• Prior to catalysis, remove excess free ligand to avoid active-site blocking. Normalize catalyst loading to Ag surface area estimated from TEM size distributions.
• For assembly, control ionic strength and pH to tune H-bonding; salt ramps can trigger reversible aggregation. Confirm interparticle gaps by TEM and infer via SPR shifts.
• In ligand exchange, monitor by UV–vis (no excessive red-shift/broadening), zeta potential, and FTIR/XPS for shell composition.

Target Specificity

This section is primarily applicable to biological affinity reagents (antibodies, aptamers, enzymes). It does not directly apply to cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles.

• Item-specific targeting details (antigen/epitope/clone/isotype/species): Not applicable; none provided in Product Data.
• If functional recognition is required, users can append specific ligands (e.g., thiolated DNA, peptides, antibodies) to the cyanuric-acid shell via ligand exchange or bifunctional linkers and then define target specificity empirically.