Epinastine hydrobromide - ≥95% , CAS No.127786-29-2

CAS: 127786-29-2 Cat. No.: E1050279 Numéro CE: 821-693-3 PubChem CID: 3061907

GRADE & PURITY ≥95%

Storage

Room temperature

Specifications

Spécifications et pureté

≥95%

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Room temperature

Pureté

≥95%

Noms et identifiants

• Sourires canoniques: C1C2C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4N2C(=N1)N.Br
• IUPAC Name: 2,4-diazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,6.07,12]octadeca-1(18),3,7,9,11,14,16-heptaen-3-amine;hydrobromide
• InChIKey: ADPMHRDERZTFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• INCHI: 1S/C16H15N3.BrH/c17-16-18-10-15-13-7-3-1-5-11(13)9-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)19(15)16;/h1-8,15H,9-10H2,(H2,17,18);1H
• Isomères SMILES: C1C2C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4N2C(=N1)N.Br
• CAS alternatif: 80012-42-6,127786-29-2
• PubChem CID: 3061907

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organoheterocyclic compounds
    • Classe Benzazepines
      • Subclass Dibenzazepines

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organoheterocyclic compounds
• Classe: Benzazepines
• Subclass: Dibenzazepines
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Dibenzazepines
• Alternative Parents: Azepines Benzenoids Imidazolines Guanidines Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds Carboximidamides Azacyclic compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Hydrobromides Amines
• Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
• Substituents: Dibenzazepine - Azepine - Benzenoid - 2-imidazoline - Guanidine - Azacycle - Organic 1,3-dipolar compound - Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound - Carboximidamide - Organic nitrogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Hydrobromide - Organonitrogen compound - Amine - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzazepines. These are compounds with two benzene rings connected by an azepine ring. Azepine is an unsaturated seven-member heterocycle with one nitrogen atom replacing a carbon atom.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Propriétés chimiques et physiques

• Poids moléculaire: 330.220 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 329.053 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 329.053 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.600 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 20
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 378.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

XLogP3

Application Protocols

No item-specific, tested application protocols are provided in the Product Data.

General starting points for research use (non-validated; adjust per lab SOPs):

• Stock solution preparation: dissolve in DMSO or water to prepare a 10–50 mM stock. Filter sterilize if required. Store aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw.
• Cell-based assays: dilute stock into complete medium or assay buffer to desired final concentration; maintain constant vehicle (e.g., 0.1–0.5% DMSO) across all wells. Pre-incubate 15–30 min before histamine challenge when evaluating H1 antagonism (typical practice).
• Binding assays: prepare serial dilutions in assay buffer; include appropriate positive controls and non-specific binding determinations.

These are general guidelines only and are not item-specific validations. Always optimize conditions for your particular model and endpoint.

Biological Roles

General/literature context (no medical or clinical claims):

• Target class: epinastine is widely used in research as a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. In cellular and receptor-binding studies, it competitively inhibits histamine-mediated signaling through H1 receptors.
• Signaling impact: blockade of H1 receptors modulates downstream Gq/PLC/IP3–Ca2+ pathways in many cell types; in mast-cell models, it is used to probe histamine-dependent degranulation cascades.
• Selectivity considerations: while characterized primarily at H1 receptors, profiling against other aminergic GPCRs is often conducted to assess selectivity; users should consult the literature and their own data for off-target interactions relevant to their system.
• Salt form implications: the hydrobromide enhances aqueous solubility and facilitates preparation of physiologically compatible solutions for in vitro studies. Counterion effects on biological activity are typically minimal for GPCR ligands at relevant concentrations, but ionic strength and vehicle composition should be controlled across experimental groups.

Practical notes for research use:

• Report concentrations as free-base equivalents for cross-study comparability; compute from the CoA’s molecular weight information.
• Validate functional antagonism in the specific assay (e.g., Ca2+ flux, ERK phosphorylation, or contractile responses) because receptor reserve and coupling efficiency vary by cell model.

Buffer Applications

This product is not a classical buffering agent and is not typically used to set or control pH in biochemical assays.

Practical note:

• When preparing solutions in PBS, HBSS, or other standard buffers for biological experiments, ensure complete dissolution and maintain consistent ionic strength and vehicle composition across controls and treatments.
• If pH-dependent studies are relevant (e.g., ionization state effects), use validated buffer systems (e.g., phosphate, HEPES, citrate) and adjust pH independently of the compound.

Green Alternatives

As a research tool compound supplied in salt form, “green alternatives” relate primarily to solvent and handling choices rather than to replacing the molecule itself.

Greener handling/solvent choices (general guidance):

• Prefer water or aqueous buffers for working solutions whenever compatible with the assay, leveraging the hydrobromide’s intrinsic water solubility.
• Where organic co-solvent is necessary, favor ethanol over higher-toxicity solvents; keep DMSO fractions minimal in biological assays.
• Use minimal effective volumes and prepare concentrated stocks to reduce solvent consumption.

Comparison overview (general; not item-specific):

• Water vs. DMSO stocks: Water is the greenest diluent but may limit maximum concentration; DMSO enables higher stock concentrations at the cost of greater environmental and biological impact.
• Hydrobromide salt vs. free base: The salt form typically reduces need for halogenated solvents during dissolution/extraction steps, improving process greenness for routine lab use.

Waste minimization:

• Consolidate aqueous waste and avoid unnecessary basification/neutralization cycles.
• For method development, adopt microscale assays and plate-based formats to curtail solvent use and waste generation.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made for this catalog item. The following pertains to research and development contexts only.

Formulation and analysis roles (general/literature):

• Reference standard: can be employed as a characterization or system-suitability standard during development of analytical methods for related basic heteroaromatic compounds.
• Preformulation research: hydrobromide salts are often assessed for solubility, hygroscopicity, and polymorphism relative to alternative counterions; such studies inform selection of salt form for model compounds in discovery.
• Excipient status: not applicable; this is an active small molecule salt, not an excipient. No pharmacopeial grade is stated for this item.

Regulatory/quality note:

• Grade/purity and compendial compliance are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. For any regulated work, verify suitability, residual solvent limits, and impurity profiles according to institutional requirements.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications (appearance, exact mp/bp, density, and analytical limits) are not provided in the Product Data and should be verified on the CoA/Spec Sheet for this SKU.

General/literature guidance for epinastine hydrobromide (for context only):

• Physical state: typically a crystalline solid for many hydrobromide salts of basic heteroaromatics.
• Solubility: hydrobromide salts of basic amines are generally freely soluble in water and polar protic solvents; moderate solubility in lower alcohols; poor solubility in nonpolar hydrocarbons.
• Ionization: exists predominantly as a protonated cation in neutral to acidic aqueous media; neutral free base can be obtained by basification (not typically required for bioassays).
• Hygroscopicity: many amine hydrobromides show mild hygroscopic tendencies; minimize prolonged exposure to ambient humidity.

Unavailable item-specific values (do not treat the following as specifications):

• Melting point, refractive index, pKa, logP/logD, UV cutoff: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Practical implications:

• Aqueous stock solutions are typically straightforward to prepare due to the salt form; filter-sterilize through 0.22 µm if sterility is required for biological assays.
• If lyophilization is planned, note that hydrobromide counterions can influence glass transition and crystallization behavior compared with free base.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for assay, residual solvents, and impurity profile.

How to interpret common quality indicators (general guidance for small-molecule research salts):

• Assay (HPLC/LC): indicates content of epinastine hydrobromide vs. related substances; typical acceptance criteria for discovery chemistry are ≥95–98% area by HPLC (literature norms; not item-specific).
• Identity: confirmed by a combination of NMR, MS, and/or IR; salt form may be verified by titration or ion chromatography for bromide.
• Water and residual solvent: Karl Fischer water and GC headspace values influence handling and stability; for this item they are Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Counterion content: Bromide stoichiometry may be reported (e.g., %Br–); ensures correct salt form and equivalence for dosing calculations.

Stabilizers/additives:

• None stated for this item. If present, stabilizers or formers (e.g., hydrate state) will be listed on the CoA and may impact solution preparation and potency calculations.

Fit-for-purpose notes:

• For screening/assay work, prioritize high chemical purity and confident identity.
• For quantitative pharmacology, verify salt factor (free-base equivalent) from the CoA to calculate molar concentrations accurately.

Reaction and Applications

This product is supplied as a defined small molecule for research use, not as a general-purpose synthetic reagent. Accordingly, it is most commonly applied in the following research contexts rather than as a substrate or catalyst in synthetic transformations.

Research applications (general/literature):

• Receptor pharmacology: used as a reference antagonist of histamine H1 receptors in binding and functional assays to benchmark assay performance and to generate concentration–response curves.
• Mast-cell degranulation studies: employed as a tool compound to probe histamine-mediated signaling pathways in cellular systems (in vitro/in vivo research context; no clinical claims).
• Analytical standards: can serve as a system-suitability or retention-time marker in LC/LC–MS methods developed for related heteroaromatic amines.

Practical tips:

• Prepare fresh aqueous or DMSO stock solutions; filter if particulate is observed. Record salt factor to convert mg/mL to mM based on the free-base equivalent, using CoA data.
• Minimize repeated freeze–thaw of concentrated stocks; dispense single-use aliquots where possible.

Not typically applicable:

• Named reactions, cross-couplings, or catalysis are not common use-cases for this finished API-like compound. For synthetic building-block needs, consult Aladdin’s reagents portfolio.

Reaction Conditions

Not typically applicable. Epinastine hydrobromide is supplied as a research tool compound rather than a reagent; no standard synthetic reaction conditions are associated with its use.

For laboratory handling (general guidance):

• Solution preparation: dissolve the required amount in water, buffer, ethanol, or DMSO with gentle agitation. If needed, warm mildly (e.g., to ambient–37 °C) and sonicate to aid dissolution; avoid prolonged heating.
• Filtration: if particulate is present, pass through a 0.22 µm PVDF or PTFE syringe filter. For LC–MS, use LC-compatible solvents and glassware rinsed with the diluent to minimize adsorption.
• Concentration calculations: convert mass to moles using the free-base equivalent molecular weight from the CoA to report micromolar or nanomolar assay concentrations.

If any chemical transformations are planned (uncommon for this product), first liberate the free base and validate identity and purity after manipulation.

Safety and Handling

Hazard classification details are not provided in the Product Data for this item. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative safety information.

General laboratory safety guidance for amine hydrobromide salts (non-specific; literature-based):

• GHS/Signal word/Pictograms/H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Likely hazards: organic amine salts may cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract upon contact or dust inhalation. Avoid creating dust and avoid inhalation/ingestion.
• PPE: wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use in a chemical fume hood when handling powders or preparing solutions.
• First aid (general):
  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical advice if symptoms persist.
  • Skin: wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing.
  • Eyes: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; seek medical attention.
• Incompatibilities: strong oxidizers; strong bases/acids can change ionization state and solubility. Avoid contact with reactive acylating/alkylating agents.
• Thermal stability: organic salts can decompose on strong heating to release nitrogen-containing vapors and hydrogen bromide. Avoid thermal decomposition; do not dry at elevated temperatures without assessment.
• Environmental: prevent release to the environment; collect spills with inert absorbent and dispose of in accordance with institutional and local regulations.

Research use only; not for human or veterinary use.

Solvent Selection

Epinastine hydrobromide is a cationic organic salt; solvent choice is driven by desired ionization state and assay matrix.

• Aqueous media: The hydrobromide form is typically readily soluble in water and physiological buffers; this is preferred for biological assays where the cationic form is active and compatible.
• Alcohols: Methanol and ethanol generally dissolve amine salts well; useful for stock solutions for LC–MS or as co-solvents.
• Polar aprotics: DMSO is widely used for high-concentration stocks and screening libraries; miscible with water to facilitate serial dilutions. DMF can also be used, though DMSO is usually preferred for bioassays.
• Nonpolar solvents: Poor solubility expected; avoid unless converting to free base.

Practical guidance:

• Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM) then dilute into aqueous buffer containing ≤1% DMSO to minimize vehicle effects (general practice).
• If free-base solubility in organics is required for synthetic manipulation, basify an aqueous solution and extract the free base into an organic solvent under inert/anhydrous conditions (laboratory technique; not needed for routine assay prep).

Comparison (general):

• Hydrobromide vs. free base: salt offers superior aqueous solubility and dosing accuracy; free base may be advantageous for nonpolar formulations but can suffer from oiling-out and variable crystallinity.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Room temperature (as provided in Product Data). Protect from moisture and excessive heat. Keep container tightly closed.
• Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reconstitution and solution handling (general guidance):

• Solvents: water, buffer, ethanol, or DMSO are typical choices for preparing stock solutions of amine hydrobromide salts.
• Concentration: determine target concentrations based on assay needs; compute as free-base equivalents using molecular weight information from the CoA.
• Sterility: for cell-based work, prepare under aseptic conditions and sterile-filter through 0.22 µm as needed.
• Aliquoting: dispense single-use aliquots of concentrated stocks to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. If refrigerated or frozen for convenience, equilibrate to room temperature before opening to minimize moisture condensation.

Stability notes:

• Avoid prolonged exposure of dry material to ambient humidity; close cap promptly after use.
• For long-term storage of solutions, prefer frozen aliquots in tightly sealed, inert containers; verify stability and potency empirically under your specific conditions.

Research Use Note: For research use only.

Structure and Identity

Epinastine hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt of the small-molecule heteroaromatic amine epinastine, supplied for research use.

• SKU: E1050279
• Product name: Epinastine hydrobromide
• CAS: 127786-29-2 (item-specific)
• PubChem CID: 3061907 (literature identifier for the salt)
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Product Data lists a non-standard short code.)
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general/literature):

• Composed of a polycyclic, nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic core bearing a basic amino functionality; the hydrobromide denotes protonation at a basic nitrogen and pairing with Br–.
• Typical salt form enhances aqueous solubility and handling stability relative to the free base.
• 2D description: a fused aromatic system containing multiple ring nitrogens (diaza aromatic framework) with an exocyclic amine; exists predominantly as a monocation paired with bromide under neutral conditions.

Notes:

• The above structural description is general for epinastine salts; exact stereochemistry is not applicable (achiral). For definitive structural descriptors used for this specific catalog lot, consult the CoA/SDS.

Synthetic Utility

This product is a finished small-molecule salt and is not typically used as a synthon or reagent in organic synthesis.

Contextual notes (general):

• Functional groups: the molecule contains multiple ring nitrogens and a basic amine center; in its hydrobromide form, the basic nitrogen is protonated. Such structures are typically end-products in heterocycle synthesis rather than starting materials.
• Transformations: derivatization (e.g., N-acylation, N-alkylation) would require conversion to the free base and careful protection strategies to avoid overreaction and loss of activity; these are specialized medicinal chemistry operations and outside normal use of this catalog item.
• Retrosynthesis perspective: polycyclic nitrogen heteroaromatics like epinastine are often assembled via annulation or cyclization strategies (e.g., condensation of diamines with di-carbonyl precursors), but those steps pertain to the synthesis of the API rather than use of the salt.

Recommendation:

• If your goal is heterocycle synthesis or late-stage diversification, consider purchasing appropriate building blocks (anilines, aminopyridines, diamines, halo-heteroarenes) from Aladdin’s reagents portfolio instead of using this finished research tool compound.

Target Specificity

No antibody or biomacromolecule information is associated with this small-molecule product. Item-specific target-binding data are not provided in the Product Data.

General note (literature context only): epinastine is commonly used as a histamine H1 receptor antagonist in research; however, quantitative affinity/functional data for this specific lot are not provided. Users should generate or consult their own binding and functional data for their system of interest.