Morphologic observation experiment on hepatocellular carcinoma

Summary

This experiment is from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

Operation method

Morphologic observation experiment on hepatocellular carcinoma

Materials and Instruments

Gross specimen Tissue section

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1. Broad specimens

(1) Giant mass type; the liver is markedly enlarged, and the section shows a giant mass (mostly in the right lobe) larger than 10 cm in diameter, which is grayish-white with hemorrhage (red) and necrosis (grayish-yellow) in the central part. The surrounding liver tissue is atrophied by pressure, but there is no clear envelope present. Multiple small cancer nodules (intrahepatic metastases) are often seen around the giant mass. The remaining liver tissue has cirrhotic changes.

(2) Nodular type: the liver is significantly enlarged, and multiple tumor nodules are seen on the surface and section. The nodules are of different sizes, grayish-white and without envelope. The liver tissue between the nodules has cirrhotic changes.

(3) Diffuse type: the liver is enlarged, and the surface and section are slightly uneven. The gray-white tumor nodules are very small and diffusely distributed in the liver, which are not easy to be distinguished from the liver tissues or pre-existing cirrhosis, but necrotic hemorrhagic changes are seen in all places.

2. Tissue section

(1) The cancer cells are polygonal, with abundant cytoplasm and reddish staining (or alkaline if poorly differentiated); the nuclei are rounded, with unequal sizes, deep staining and visible nucleoli. Sometimes tumor giant cells are formed. Nuclear schizophrenia was occasionally seen.

(2) The cells are arranged in the form of beams or cords, with abundant blood sinusoids between the cords, and only endothelial cells separate the cancer cells from the blood sinusoids. Some areas are accompanied by different degrees of cell necrosis, hemorrhage and biliary phenomenon.

(3) Hepatocytes at the edge of the cancerous tissue show cirrhotic changes.

Caveat

Diagnostic Points:1. the cells in the hepatic nodule are arranged in sheets and strips, and the interstitial blood sinusoids are abundant.

2. Cancer cells are polygonal, with abundant cytoplasm and marked heterogeneity.

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