QUALITÉ & PURETÉMoligand™?Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.≥99%
Synonyms
3-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole | GAT-211 | GAT 211 | AZ-4 | AZ4 | AZ 4 | 1H-Indole, 3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-2-phenyl
Moligand™,≥99% Moligand™ pour les flux de travail chromatographiques et analytiques sensibles nécessitant une interférence de ligne de base minimale.
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Stockage & expédition
Store at -20°C,Argon charged Expédition Ice chest + Ice pads. Consultez le COA spécifique au lot pour les spécifications exactes.
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Documents qualité
SDS, COA, fiche technique et fiche de spécifications disponibles au téléchargement. COA spécifique au lot accessible via la recherche par numéro de lot.
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Preuve documentaire
Cité dans 0 publications à comité de lecture couvrant la chromatographie, la synthèse organique et les réactions de couplage croisé.
Vue d’ensemble
GAT211 is a cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). GAT211 activates cAMP and β-arrestin2 with EC 50 values of 260 nM and 650 nM, respectively. GAT211 inhibits GAT211 can be used for neuropathic and/or inflammatory pain research
Form:Solid
IC50& Target:CB1
Spécifications
Synonymes
3-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole | GAT-211 | GAT 211 | AZ-4 | AZ4 | AZ 4 | 1H-Indole, 3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-2-phenyl
Spécifications et pureté
Moligand™,≥99%
Mécanismes biochimiques et physiologiques
GAT211 is a cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). GAT211 activates cAMP and β-arrestin2 with EC 50 values of 260 nM and 650 nM, respectively. GAT211 inhibits GAT211 can be used for neuropathic and/or inflammatory pain research
Conditions de stockage de stockage
Store at -20°C,Argon charged
Expédié en
Ice chest + Ice pads
Ce produit nécessite l'expédition en chaîne froide. Les services terrestres et autres services économiques ne sont pas disponibles.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-phenylindoles. These are indoles substituted at the 2-position with a phenyl group.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
No vendor-validated application protocols are provided for this item. The following general procedures are commonly used for small-molecule ligands in discovery biology; adapt to your system and validate locally.
Stock preparation (general)
Bring vial to room temperature under inert gas to avoid condensation. Open briefly. Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 10–50 mM). Vortex and, if needed, sonicate briefly. Record exact concentration.
Aliquot into low-bind tubes under argon/nitrogen, cap tightly, and freeze at −20 °C.
Working solutions
Thaw an aliquot on ice or at room temperature, mix, then dilute into assay buffer to desired concentrations, keeping final DMSO ≤0.1–1.0% v/v.
Include vehicle controls and appropriate positive controls. Inspect for precipitation; clarify by brief centrifugation if needed.
Assay considerations (examples)
Binding: perform saturation and competition or BRET-based assays to assess cooperativity.
Functional: generate concentration–response curves for cAMP, β-arrestin, or Ca2+ flux as appropriate to your receptor system.
Data quality
Run ≥3 biological replicates and technical duplicates. Track plate maps, solvent lots, and timing to ensure reproducibility.
Biological Roles
The product listing does not specify biological targets or activities. The following is literature-level context and must be verified from primary sources for your application.
Literature/general context
GAT211 has been reported in the literature as a research tool compound in the endocannabinoid field, used to probe allosteric modulation and signaling bias at cannabinoid receptors (GPCRs). Studies often assess effects on cAMP accumulation, β-arrestin recruitment, and ERK phosphorylation in recombinant and native systems.
Allosteric ligands can act as positive/negative modulators and sometimes display intrinsic (ago-)activity; functional outcomes can be pathway- and cell-context dependent.
Experimental use-cases (general)
Target engagement assays: radioligand binding displacement or BRET-based binding to evaluate cooperativity with orthosteric agonists.
Functional assays: concentration–response curves for cAMP inhibition (Gi/o-coupled signaling), β-arrestin recruitment, and downstream kinase activation.
Systems pharmacology: interrogation of receptor reserve, signal bias, and probe dependence in various expression backgrounds.
Practical considerations
Establish vehicle controls (DMSO), positive controls (well-characterized orthosteric agonists/antagonists), and counter-screens to exclude assay artifacts.
Confirm lot identity/purity prior to quantitative pharmacology. Determine stability in assay media over the test interval.
Caution
Do not infer therapeutic properties from research findings. This product is for research use only (per Product Data).
Buffer Applications
This item is a small-molecule ligand rather than a buffering agent. It is not used to set or maintain pH in biochemical workflows.
Practical handling in buffered systems (general guidance)
Prepare a concentrated stock in anhydrous DMSO and dilute into the assay buffer immediately before use to a final DMSO content typically ≤0.1–1% v/v.
Common assay buffers: HBSS or PBS for cell-based assays; HEPES- or Tris-buffered saline for biochemical assays. Choose buffers that maintain receptor function and are compatible with detection reagents.
To mitigate precipitation upon dilution: pre-warm buffers, add compound slowly with mixing, and consider minimal co-solvent (e.g., 0.05–0.1% DMSO) in all wells including controls.
Quality controls
Verify absence of visible particulates; assess by light scattering or analytical HPLC if needed.
Record final pH and osmolality of assay media after compound dosing to ensure consistency across experiments.
Green Alternatives
Green chemistry considerations are generally applied to solvents and reagents used in bulk. As GAT211 is a specialized research ligand used at micromolar concentrations, substitution for a “greener” alternative typically focuses on the carrier solvent system rather than the compound itself.
Carrier solvent choices (general guidance)
Prefer DMSO for stock solutions due to high solvating power and low volatility; manage waste responsibly.
For aqueous delivery, minimize organic content (≤0.1–1% v/v) and employ buffer systems that avoid halogenated waste.
Comparison of common carriers (general)
DMSO: High solubility; low vapor pressure; potential assay interference in some enzyme/cell assays at >1%.
Acetonitrile: Good miscibility; higher VOC profile; use sparingly and capture vapors.
Operational tips to reduce environmental footprint
Prepare concentrated stocks to minimize solvent volumes and shipment frequency.
Aliquot to reduce spoilage and waste from degraded solutions.
Utilize microplate formats and automated low-volume dispensing to minimize consumables and solvent use.
Because the active research ligand itself defines the biology under study, there is no direct “green substitute” for the molecule; instead, optimize solvent systems and handling practices for lower impact.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmacopeial or clinical-use status is provided for this item. It is supplied strictly for research use only (per Product Data) and is not intended for human or veterinary applications.
Typical roles in pharmaceutical R&D (general context)
Reference tool compound for assay development, target validation, and exploratory pharmacology in the endocannabinoid receptor space.
Positive control/benchmark in screens exploring allosteric modulation, signaling bias, or species selectivity.
Material for ADME profiling (e.g., microsomal stability, plasma protein binding) and early developability assessments to support SAR campaigns.
Formulation considerations for research
Prepare DMSO stocks for in vitro work; for in vivo exploratory studies (if permitted within institutional guidelines), solubilization systems may include co-solvent/surfactant vehicles (e.g., PEG400, Tween, Captisol). Such use requires independent verification of safety and compliance; no recommendations are provided here.
Documentation and compliance
This product is not GMP-grade and has no stated pharmacopeial monograph. Any use beyond basic research requires independent qualification and risk assessment by the end user.
Physical Properties
Item-specific properties provided in the listing are limited. Do not treat any value below as a product specification; where given, values are general literature/contextual information and must be verified experimentally for your lot.
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general context (not product specs)
Many GPCR ligands of this class are solid at ambient temperature and display limited aqueous solubility, dissolving readily in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO, DMF) and various organic solvents depending on functional groups.
Key physicochemical parameters that are commonly profiled for small-molecule ligands include: logP/logD, pKa (if ionizable functions present), and solubility in assay buffers containing ≤1% DMSO. These should be determined empirically for your batch.
Practical guidance
Prepare a small trial stock (e.g., 10 mM in anhydrous DMSO) to assess solubility and stability before scaling.
Assess solution stability by short-term bench testing (LC or LC–MS at 0 and 24 h) under your intended assay conditions.
For UV-based quantitation, first determine the compound’s absorption profile to avoid interference in readouts (values not specified for this item).
Quality and Grades
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Grade/Purity: Moligand™
What Moligand™ typically signifies (general explanation; verify with supplier documentation)
A research-grade small-molecule ligand intended for discovery biology, target validation, and assay development.
Emphasis is commonly placed on identity confirmation (e.g., NMR/LC–MS), and suitability for screening applications rather than GMP or clinical use.
Practical implications for users
Expect documentation such as a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) detailing identity tests and, where available, chromatographic purity. If numerical purity and analytical parameters are required for your application, request the lot-specific CoA.
UV cutoffs, residual solvent levels, water content, and trace metals are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
For quantitative biology (e.g., potency, binding kinetics), verify purity and counter-analyze for degradants under your assay conditions.
Fit for purpose
Suitable for academic/industrial research, HTS pilot studies, and mechanistic assays.
Not manufactured to pharmacopeial or GMP standards; not for human or veterinary use.
Reaction and Applications
This product is supplied as a research ligand rather than a preparative reagent, so it is not typically employed as a stoichiometric reactant, catalyst, or solvent in synthetic chemistry.
Applicability to chemical reactions
Not commonly used in synthetic transformations (e.g., coupling, reductions, or protective-group chemistry). No named-reaction roles are associated in the product data.
Where it is typically used (general, literature context)
As a small-molecule tool in biochemical/pharmacological assays to probe GPCR (cannabinoid receptor) allostery and signaling. See Biological Roles for details.
Practical direction
If derivatization or conjugation is desired for probe development, first confirm functional groups and stability from primary literature and CoA, then design synthetic handles accordingly.
For process or bench synthesis needs, consider purpose-designed reagents/solvents listed elsewhere in the catalog.
Reaction Conditions
Not applicable. GAT211 is provided as a research ligand and is not intended for use as a reagent or catalyst in chemical synthesis.
If conducting probe derivatization (general guidance)
Choose mild, chemoselective conditions compatible with the confirmed functional groups and with minimal risk of degrading the pharmacophore.
Employ anhydrous, oxygen-free conditions if the compound is air/moisture sensitive (the storage under argon suggests sensitivity may be relevant).
Validate product integrity by LC–MS and NMR after any chemical transformation.
Safety and Handling
Safety information for this specific item is not fully provided in the listing. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative guidance and your institution’s EHS policies before use.
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Storage: Store at −20 °C, argon charged.
Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.
GHS signal word, hazard statements, pictograms, classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General laboratory precautions (not product-specific)
Handle in a chemical fume hood. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin/eye contact.
Recommended PPE: lab coat, safety glasses or splash goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves.
Avoid sources of ignition and strong oxidizers until compatibility is confirmed.
First-aid overview (general)
Skin/eye contact: Rinse with running water for ≥15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; obtain medical attention if symptoms occur.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Stability/handling tips
Maintain an inert atmosphere (argon) to minimize oxidative or hydrolytic degradation as indicated by the storage instruction.
Minimize freeze–thaw by aliquoting concentrated stocks. Monitor integrity by LC/LC–MS.
Disposal
Dispose of residues/solutions as organic chemical waste per local regulations.
Solvent Selection
Given the typical physicochemical profile of small-molecule GPCR ligands, dissolution strategy is key to reliable biological testing. The listing does not provide solubility data; the following are general, literature-based practices.
Primary stock solvents (general guidance)
DMSO (anhydrous): Preferred for preparing concentrated stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM), good bench stability when protected from moisture/light.
DMF (anhydrous): Alternative when DMSO interferes with assays; assess cytotoxicity background.
Ethanol or acetonitrile: Useful co-solvents for intermediate dilutions; evaluate assay compatibility.
Aqueous compatibility
Prepare working solutions by diluting DMSO stocks into assay buffer, keeping final DMSO ≤0.1–1.0% v/v to minimize vehicle effects. Validate precipitation visually and by light scattering or HPLC.
Polarity/miscibility context (general)
Polar aprotic stocks ensure consistent dosing. Avoid nonpolar stocks that complicate accurate microdosing.
Practical tips
Filter or centrifuge working solutions to remove particulates if precipitation is suspected.
Determine compound-dependent adsorption to plastics; use low-bind plates/tubes if needed.
Record solvent lot, water content, and dilution scheme to ensure batch-to-batch reproducibility.
When to choose alternatives
For enzymatic assays sensitive to DMSO, screen ACN or ethanol as minor carriers, or use cyclodextrin-based solubilization after confirming compound stability (case-by-case).
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Storage conditions: Store at −20 °C, argon charged.
Shipped in: Ice chest + ice pads.
Reconstitution (general guidance; verify with your CoA/SDS)
Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to avoid moisture condensation. Maintain an inert gas blanket if possible.
Dissolve in anhydrous, oxygen-free DMSO to prepare a concentrated stock. If DMSO is unsuitable for your assay, consider anhydrous DMF or ACN after confirming stability.
Filter through a low-protein-binding syringe filter only if particulates are observed; avoid unnecessary filtration that may cause analyte loss.
Aliquoting and stability
Aliquot into small volumes to minimize headspace and freeze–thaw cycles. Store tightly sealed under inert gas at −20 °C.
Track lot number, preparation date, solvent, and concentration. Assess stability periodically by LC/LC–MS.
Handling precautions
Protect from prolonged exposure to air, moisture, and light as conservative practice given the argon storage requirement.
Shelf-life
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Research use note
For research use only (per Product Data).
Structure and Identity
Brief overview: GAT211 is a cataloged small-molecule ligand supplied for research use. Item-specific structural identifiers in this listing are limited; consult the CoA/SDS for definitive identity data.
Item-specific (from Product Data)
SKU: G646624
Product name: GAT211
CAS: 102704-40-5
PubChem CID: 4402318
InChIKey: 258502 (as provided in listing)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general notes (for contextual understanding; verify against primary literature before use)
GAT211 is described in the literature as a small-molecule ligand used to probe cannabinoid receptor allostery (GPCR pharmacology). Specific stereochemical features and substituent patterns determine activity; consult primary publications for the exact 2D structure and any chiral centers.
Typical 2D description (literature-level): aromatic ring system(s) with heteroatom-containing linkers; exact functional group composition should be confirmed from peer-reviewed sources.
Practical identity guidance
Verify identity by orthogonal methods available in your lab (e.g., HPLC retention time vs. reference, HRMS, and 1H/13C NMR) upon receipt.
Match the supplied lot’s CoA identifiers (CAS/CID/lot number) to your internal records prior to use in screening or SAR studies.
Synthetic Utility
This product is supplied as a finalized small-molecule ligand and is not positioned as a building block or reagent.
Applicability to synthesis
Not typically used as a synthon, protecting group reagent, catalyst, or solvent.
No item-specific functional group information is provided to support derivatization strategies.
If chemical modification is desired (general guidance)
Obtain definitive structural information (full 1H/13C NMR, HRMS, and, if relevant, stereochemical assignment) from CoA and literature.
Map potential points of diversification (e.g., aryl halides, amines, phenols, carboxyls) and evaluate stability liabilities before planning late-stage functionalization.
Consider analog-friendly transformations (e.g., cross-couplings, amide couplings) only after confirming the presence of compatible handles and tolerance to reaction conditions.
For preparative chemistry needs, select purpose-designed building blocks and reagents from the catalog.
Target Specificity
Only item-specific details from the listing may be placed here.
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Target, antigen/epitope, species reactivity, clone/isotype: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Note: While literature discusses GAT211 in the context of cannabinoid receptor research, no target specificity is provided in this product entry. Users should consult primary literature and perform in-house target engagement assays as appropriate.
Foire aux questions
What is the purity of this product?
This product is supplied at ≥99% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.
What is Moligand??
Moligand? is one of Aladdin Scientific's premium product lines, formulated for high-purity applications across multiple workflows. Compared to standard grades in the same workflow, Moligand? products typically offer tighter specifications, more rigorous QC, and stronger lot-to-lot consistency.
How should this product be stored?
Store at ?20 °C under argon. It is supplied under an argon blanket; reseal under inert gas after each use.
How is this product shipped?
This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 102704-40-5, the molecular formula is C22H18N2O2, and the molecular weight is 342.39 g/mol. InChIKey OHZDCJJHWPHZJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
What documentation is provided?
Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.
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