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Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin isolated from the Aspergillus ochraceus mold, a common fungal presence on moldy food. Ochratoxin A demonstrates nephrotoxicity and teratogenesis in animals, and shows inhibition of bacterial, yeast, and liver FARSL (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases) competitive with phenylalanine. As these activities are partially attenuated by phenylalanine, Ochratoxin A is suggested to produce its effects through interacting with proteins that recognize phenylalanine as a substrate, and has been demonstrated to inhibit PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase). Derivatives of Ochratoxin A with other amino acid moieties substituted for the phenylalanine-mimic portion of the molecule demonstrate inhibition of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases respective to those amino acids. Ochratoxin A is described to enhance lipid peroxidation and also present DNA single strand breaks, both suggesting oxidative damage as a partial mediator of Ochratoxin A cellular effects, and EPR spectroscopy with a spin trap agent identified the production of hydroxyl radicals by Ochratoxin A in the presence of NADPH. The nephrotoxic effects of Ochratoxin A are shown to be prevented by SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase, further indicating oxidative damage as the mediator of Ochratoxin A toxicity. Ochratoxin A is also demonstrated to increase ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump activity in renal cortex endoplasmic reticulum.Ochratoxin A is one of the mycotoxins typically produced by the species of Aspergillus genus. It is a commonly found secondary metabolite in cereals, coffee, grape must, wine, beer, etc.
A nephrotoxic mycotoxin inhibitor of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases.
Taxonomy Tree
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
| Classe | Ochratoxins and related substances |
| Subclass | Not available |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Ochratoxins and related substances |
| Alternative Parents | Phenylalanine and derivatives N-acyl-alpha amino acids Phenylpropanoic acids Salicylic acid and derivatives 2-benzopyrans Amphetamines and derivatives Aryl chlorides Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives Vinylogous acids Secondary carboxylic acid amides Carboxylic acid esters Lactones Oxacyclic compounds Carboxylic acids Organopnictogen compounds Organochlorides Carbonyl compounds Organonitrogen compounds Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Ochratoxin-skeleton - Phenylalanine or derivatives - N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives - N-acyl-alpha-amino acid - 3-phenylpropanoic-acid - Alpha-amino acid or derivatives - Amphetamine or derivatives - Salicylic acid or derivatives - 2-benzopyran - Isochromane - Benzopyran - Aryl halide - Benzenoid - Aryl chloride - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Vinylogous acid - Carboxamide group - Carboxylic acid ester - Secondary carboxylic acid amide - Lactone - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organoheterocyclic compound - Oxacycle - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Carbonyl group - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ochratoxins and related substances. These are a group of chemically related metabolites containing a 3,4-dihydro-3-methylisocoumarin moiety linked through a carboxyl group to L-beta-phenylalanine by a secondary amine bond. |
| External Descriptors | Mycotoxins |
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Find and download the COA for your product by matching the lot number on the packaging.
| Lot Number | Certificate Type | Date | Article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate of Analysis | Oct 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Oct 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Mar 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Mar 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Mar 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Mar 12, 2026 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jan 20, 2025 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jan 20, 2025 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jan 20, 2025 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Sep 07, 2024 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Sep 07, 2024 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Sep 07, 2024 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jul 05, 2024 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jul 05, 2024 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jun 09, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jun 09, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jun 09, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Jun 09, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | Apr 25, 2023 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | May 19, 2021 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | May 19, 2021 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | May 19, 2021 | O102402 | |
| Certificate of Analysis | May 19, 2021 | O102402 |
| Solubilité | Solvent:ethanol, Max Conc. mg/mL: 20.19, Max Conc. mM: 50; Solvent:DMSO, Max Conc. mg/mL: 40.38, Max Conc. mM: 100 |
|---|---|
| Sensibilité | Moisture sensitive;Light sensitive |
| Point d'éclair (°C) | -11°C |
| Poids moléculaire | 403.800 g/mol |
| XLogP3 | 4.700 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 6 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 5 |
| Exact Mass | 403.082 Da |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 403.082 Da |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 113.000 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 28 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 608.000 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| The total count of all stereochemical bonds | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
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