Recombinant CD166 Antibody - Anticorps primaire, specific to ALCAM

Cat. No.: Ab327196

GRADE & PURITY KD Validation

Application

Flow Cytometry, IF/ICC, WB

Host species

Lapin

Reactive species

conseil, Humain, Souris

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Specifications

Product Name

Recombinant CD166 Antibody - Anticorps primaire, specific to ALCAM

Spécifications et pureté

KD Validation

Espèce hôte

Lapin

Spécificité

ALCAM

Immunogène

A synthesized peptide derived from human CD166

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Grade

KD Validation

Méthode de purification

Protein A purified

Stockage et expédition

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Expédié en

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stabilité et stockage

Store at -20°C for one year.

Application Protocols

Application- and dilution-specific guidance must come from item data.

• Tested applications (WB, IHC, IF, FC, ELISA, IP, etc.): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Recommended dilutions and incubation parameters: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Positive/negative controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General recommendation: Optimize assay conditions empirically in your system and consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet for any item-specific protocols if available.

Biological Roles

General background on the target protein CD166 (ALCAM) from the literature (not item-specific):

• Identity and family: CD166, also known as Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell-adhesion receptor predominantly localized to the plasma membrane.
• Ligands and interactions: Binds to CD6 in trans and can undergo homophilic ALCAM–ALCAM interactions. These interactions contribute to immune synapse formation and cell–cell adhesion dynamics.
• Cellular functions: Mediates adhesion, influences cytoskeletal organization, and participates in guidance of migrating cells. It is implicated in processes such as T-cell activation contexts, neurite outgrowth, and tissue morphogenesis.
• Expression: Detected in various epithelial and immune cell types; expression and membrane clustering can be modulated by activation state and microenvironmental cues.
• Processing: Subject to ectodomain shedding by metalloproteases, producing soluble ALCAM; trafficking includes endocytosis and recycling typical of adhesion molecules.
• Pathway context: Interfaces with signaling nodes including Src-family kinases, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K pathways through adaptor proteins (mechanistic involvement varies by cell type and is an area of active research).

Implications for experimental design (general):

• Assay sensitivity to conformation: Epitope exposure may differ between native and denatured conditions; choose assay type accordingly.
• Co-detection: When mapping interactions (e.g., with CD6), consider co-immunoprecipitation or proximity labeling to capture transient contacts.

No medical or clinical claims are made here; this information is provided solely to contextualize research use.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific buffer composition is not provided. The following are general, literature-based practices for handling recombinant antibodies in common immunoassays.

• Working buffer (general): PBS (10 mM phosphate, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl), pH 7.2–7.4, is widely used for diluting antibodies and washing. TBS (20–50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4–7.6) can reduce background in some phospho-protein applications.
• Blocking buffers: 1–5% BSA, non-fat milk, or serum matched to the secondary antibody host can reduce nonspecific binding. Choose additive-free buffers for mass spectrometry or when anti-bovine cross-reactivity is a concern.
• Permeabilization (IF/IHC): 0.1–0.5% Triton X-100 or saponin facilitates intracellular epitope access; validate for epitope stability.
• Flow cytometry: Use protein-containing FACS buffer (e.g., PBS + 1% BSA + 0.1% sodium azide) to minimize cell loss and capping; omit azide for live-cell sorting.
• ELISA coating/capture: Carbonate–bicarbonate buffer (0.05 M, pH 9.6) promotes passive adsorption to polystyrene plates; block thoroughly to limit background.
• pH and ionic strength: Maintain near-neutral pH and physiological ionic strength to preserve antibody structure; abrupt changes can induce aggregation.

Item-specific formulation, recommended diluents, and preservatives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Although this is a protein reagent rather than a solvent or bulk chemical, greener laboratory practices can reduce environmental impact without compromising data quality.

Practical considerations (general):

• Right-sizing aliquots: Order or prepare aliquots sized for single-use to minimize freeze–thaw cycles and product waste.
• Buffer choices: Use phosphate or Tris buffers prepared with ultrapure water; avoid unnecessary organic additives and select biodegradable detergents where compatible.
• Preservatives: If sterile technique is feasible, minimize reliance on persistent biocides. When preservatives are necessary, select the lowest effective concentration and segregate azide-containing waste appropriately.
• Packaging: Reuse cold packs and insulated shippers where institutional policies allow; consolidate orders to reduce shipping frequency and dry-ice/ice-pack use.
• Process efficiency: Optimize antibody titers to reduce consumption per experiment while maintaining statistical power.

Trade-offs (general):

• Stabilizers vs. assay compatibility: Additives that extend shelf life (glycerol, BSA) may hinder certain downstream analyses (e.g., MS, live-cell work). Choose additive profiles that align with the application to avoid repeating experiments.

Item-specific environmental attributes or certifications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is designated For research use only.

Non-clinical, non-therapeutic uses of recombinant antibodies in pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing (general):

• Analytical controls: Reference reagents for identity/strength testing of antigens or antigen-expressing cell banks.
• In-process monitoring: ELISA/flow-based assays to track antigen expression, product-related impurities, or cell phenotype in upstream processes.
• Purification development: Affinity capture or polishing studies for antigen-derived targets; benchmarking of resin selectivity.
• Formulation screening: Stress studies assessing antigen stability in the presence of binding partners or as part of forced-degradation analytics.
• Compendial status: No pharmacopeial monograph is implied for this research antibody. Any GMP/GLP use requires independent qualification.

Item-specific regulatory status, residuals, and QC attributes: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. No medical or clinical claims are made.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical properties are not provided for this antibody preparation.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration / formulation buffer: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Extinction coefficient, isotype, clonality: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pH, stabilizers, preservatives (e.g., BSA, glycerol, sodium azide): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Antibody apparent MW depends on isotype and glycosylation; item-specific value Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General properties (literature/general):

• State: Aqueous protein solution or lyophilized powder (varies by lot/formulation).
• Solubility: Antibodies are soluble in physiological aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, Tris-buffered saline) across near-neutral pH; denature in strong chaotropes, extremes of pH, or organic solvents.
• Stability: Improved by low temperature, neutral pH, and inclusion of stabilizers (e.g., sugars, polyols, carrier proteins) and by minimizing freeze–thaw cycles.
• Storage sensitivity: Susceptible to aggregation, oxidation, and proteolysis outside recommended conditions.

For authoritative specifications and solution characteristics, consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.

Quality and Grades

• Listed grade/purity: KD Validation.
• What this implies (general explanation): “KD validation” typically indicates validation of antibody specificity by genetic knockdown (KD) of the target (e.g., siRNA/shRNA/CRISPRi), demonstrating loss or reduction of the detected signal when the target gene expression is reduced. This strengthens confidence in on-target binding compared with validation based solely on overexpression or peptide blocking (literature/general explanation). Specific validation datasets for this item are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality expectations for recombinant antibodies (general):

• Batch consistency: Recombinant production yields consistent sequence and glycosylation control versus hybridoma sources.
• Functional testing: Common assays include Western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry; the exact tested applications for this SKU are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Impurities and additives: Stabilizers or preservatives (e.g., BSA, glycerol, sodium azide) may be present to enhance shelf life; presence/levels Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Documentation:

• For certificate-based specifications (binding validation method, application testing, host/isotype, concentration, and formulation), please consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

This antibody is not used as a chemical reagent for synthetic transformations. Instead, its applications are biochemical/analytical.

General research uses for anti-CD166 antibodies (literature/general):

• Immunodetection: Detection of CD166 (ALCAM) in cell lysates or tissue sections by Western blot (denatured epitopes) or IHC/IF (native/partially fixed epitopes).
• Flow cytometry: Quantification/phenotyping of CD166 expression on live or fixed cells when the antibody recognizes extracellular epitopes.
• ELISA/ELISpot: Capture or detection of CD166 or CD166-containing complexes, depending on assay design.
• Immunoprecipitation: Enrichment of CD166 for interaction studies or downstream proteomics.

Assay design considerations (general):

• Epitope accessibility: Surface versus intracellular epitopes dictates fixation/permeabilization steps.
• Controls: Include isotype controls, secondary-only controls, and genetic KD/KO lines as negative controls; overexpression or recombinant antigen as positive controls.
• Calibration: Antibody titration is essential to balance signal and background; validate across matrices (cells, tissues) relevant to your study.

Item-specific tested applications and recommended dilutions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to chemical reaction optimization. However, immunoassay conditions critically influence antibody performance. The following are general, literature-based considerations (not item-specific):

• Temperature: Perform binding incubations at 4–8°C to enhance specificity or at room temperature to accelerate kinetics; avoid elevated temperatures that promote denaturation.
• Incubation time: Primary antibody incubations typically range from 1 h to overnight depending on assay; titrate empirically to balance signal and background.
• Ionic strength and pH: Maintain near-physiological conditions (e.g., PBS/TBS, pH ~7.2–7.6). Deviations can weaken binding or increase nonspecific interactions.
• Detergents and blockers: Include mild detergents (e.g., 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 in washes) and appropriate blockers to suppress background.
• Fixation: For IHC/IF, fixation method (PFA vs. methanol) alters epitope availability; antigen retrieval may be required for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
• Controls: Incorporate isotype controls, no-primary controls, and genetic KD/KO controls to validate specificity.

Item-specific recommended conditions, dilutions, and validated matrices: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard classifications are not provided.

• GHS classification / pictograms / H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General guidance for laboratory handling of protein biologics (literature/general):

• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate disposable gloves. Avoid aerosol generation and skin/eye contact.
• Good practice: Work on ice or at 2–8°C when feasible to preserve activity. Use clean, low-protein-binding plastics; avoid metal contamination for prolonged incubations.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers, proteases, extremes of pH, and organic solvents that can denature proteins. Do not mix with biocides or detergents unless validated for your assay.
• Perishability: Maintain cold chain as specified; minimize repeated freeze–thaw cycles to prevent aggregation and loss of binding.
• First aid (overview): In case of contact, rinse affected area with water. If inhaled as aerosol, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. Defer to SDS for authoritative instructions.
• Waste: Dispose of protein solutions and contaminated materials according to institutional biosafety procedures for non-hazardous biologicals, unless your protocol introduces hazardous agents.

Always consult the SDS for this specific product before first use.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous protein reagent, not a solvent. Selection focuses on compatible buffers rather than organic solvents.

General compatibility (literature/general):

• Preferred media: Isotonic, near-neutral buffers such as PBS (pH ~7.2–7.4) or Tris-buffered saline with low detergent content.
• Avoid: High proportions of organic solvents (e.g., acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, DMSO) that can denature antibodies; strong acids/bases; and high ionic strength without validation.
• Detergents: If required (e.g., for permeabilization), use mild non-ionic detergents (Tween-20) at validated low concentrations; verify they do not disrupt antigen–antibody binding.
• Protein stabilizers: Carrier proteins (e.g., BSA) and polyols (e.g., glycerol) can improve stability; their presence may interfere with certain assays (e.g., anti-bovine cross-reactivity, mass spectrometry). Use additive-free buffers when sensitivity to carriers is expected.

Comparison (general):

• PBS vs. TBS: PBS is standard for most immunoassays; TBS may reduce background in phospho-protein blots due to phosphate interactions.
• Additive-free vs. preservative-containing: Preservatives (e.g., sodium azide) aid storage but may inhibit HRP or cellular assays; choose accordingly.

Item-specific formulation, solvent tolerance, and additives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific instructions from Product Data:

• Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Shipping: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads to maintain the cold chain.

Additional best practices (general, not item-specific):

• Aliquoting: Upon first receipt/thaw, divide into single-use aliquots in low-protein-binding tubes to prevent activity loss from freeze–thaw cycles.
• Short-term handling: Keep on ice during use; limit time at room temperature.
• Long-term storage: If compatible with formulation, storage at -80°C can further reduce degradation for multi-year horizons; verify buffer components (e.g., glycerol) before changing storage temperature.
• Reconstitution (if lyophilized): Use sterile, antibody-compatible buffer (e.g., PBS) to the desired concentration; let stand on ice with gentle inversion. Do not vortex vigorously. Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) only if necessary and compatible with concentration and volume.
• Freeze–thaw guidance: One freeze–thaw can be tolerated by many antibodies, but repeated cycles may induce aggregation. Thaw on ice and refreeze promptly if necessary.

Any item-specific buffer composition, concentration, preservative content, or reconstitution volume: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific identifiers for small molecules (SMILES, InChIKey, CAS) do not apply to recombinant antibodies. For this product, only limited identity details are provided.

• Product Name: Recombinant CD166 Antibody (SKU: Ab327196)
• Type: Recombinant monoclonal/polyclonal antibody (exact clone/isotype Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• Target antigen: CD166 (ALCAM) — antigen name inferred from product title only; epitope/clone Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula / weight: Not applicable for heterogeneous glycoproteins; apparent MW depends on Ig class and glycosylation. Item-specific values Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Sequence/host: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General structural notes (literature/general):

• Antibody architecture: Typical IgG consists of two heavy and two light chains with variable domains that define antigen specificity; stabilized by inter- and intrachain disulfides.
• Binding site: Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) form the paratope recognizing a CD166 epitope.
• Recombinant format: Recombinant production provides defined sequence and batch-to-batch consistency compared with hybridoma-derived antibodies (general information).

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable to this product’s nature. Recombinant antibodies are not synthetic building blocks or catalysts for chemical transformations.

For researchers designing bioassays (general):

• Consider the antibody as a selective affinity reagent for pull-downs, capture/detection in immunoassays, or as a probe in imaging/flow applications.
• Validate performance across relevant matrices (cell lysate, tissue sections, live cells) and under fixation/permeabilization conditions pertinent to the target epitope.

Item-specific synthetic or catalytic uses: Not applicable.

Target Specificity

Only product-data-derived details may be listed here.

• Antigen/Target: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (The product title indicates CD166, but epitope, clone, and validation details are not provided in the Product Data.)
• Clone ID / Isotype / Host species: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Species reactivity / cross-reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Epitope mapping / domain recognition: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• KD validation data (if available): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.