Sodium hyaluronate - Molecular weight: 600000-1.2 million , CAS No.9067-32-7

CAS: 9067-32-7 Cat. No.: S1519976 Formule: (C₁₄H₂₁NaNO₁₁)n   Numéro CE: 618-620-0

GRADE & PURITY Molecular weight: 600000-1.2 million

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Spécifications et pureté

Molecular weight: 600000-1.2 million

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Room temperature

Expédié en

Normal

Noms et identifiants

Isomères SMILES

CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O.[Na+]

WGK Allemagne

3

RTECS

MT7250000

Application Protocols

Item-specific, validated protocols are not provided for this SKU. The following are general, literature-based procedures to facilitate research use.

• Preparing aqueous solutions

  • Slowly sprinkle sodium hyaluronate into vigorously stirring sterile water or buffer to reach 0.1–10 mg/mL (or as needed). Allow 1–12 h for full hydration; avoid high shear if preserving MW. Degas if required. Filter-sterilize through 0.22 µm only if viscosity allows.

• Surface treatment/coatings (anti-adhesive layers)

  • Clean substrate (glass/plastic), activate surface (e.g., plasma) if covalent attachment is planned. Prepare 0.1–1 mg/mL HA in PBS; incubate 30–120 min, rinse gently. For durable coatings, perform EDC/NHS coupling to amine-functionalized surfaces in MES buffer pH ~5.5.

• Hydrogel formation (example, EDC/NHS crosslinking)

  • Dissolve HA and a diamine crosslinker separately. Activate HA carboxylates with EDC/NHS in MES pH 5.5 for 15–60 min, then mix with diamine under stirring. Adjust stoichiometry to tune gelation time and modulus. Neutralize and exchange into PBS by dialysis.

• Bioconjugation to amines

  • Activate HA (EDC/NHS or DMTMM), add amine-bearing ligand at controlled equivalents, maintain pH near 6–7.4, react for 1–16 h, then purify by dialysis/UF.

All protocols are for research use only and must be optimized for specific experimental needs.

Biological Roles

Literature/general background: Hyaluronic acid (HA), as sodium hyaluronate in its salt form, is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix (ECM) component across vertebrate tissues.

• Structural and mechanical roles

  • Contributes to tissue hydration and viscoelasticity due to high water-binding capacity and extended coil conformation in dilute electrolytes.
  • Forms bottlebrush-like networks with proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan) in cartilage, impacting compressive resistance.

• Biosynthesis and turnover

  • Synthesized at the plasma membrane by hyaluronan synthases (HAS1–3), extruded into the pericellular space.
  • Degraded by hyaluronidases and oxidative processes; turnover is rapid in many tissues.

• Cell interactions

  • Interacts with receptors such as CD44 and RHAMM/HMMR; molecular size strongly modulates biological signaling in vitro (high-MW often anti-adhesive/space-filling; fragmented HA can be pro-inflammatory in certain models).

• Relevance to research workflows

  • Model ECM component for studying cell motility, adhesion, and mechanotransduction.
  • Ligand density and molecular weight selection are critical factors when designing HA-presenting surfaces or hydrogels for cell studies.

Note: This information is provided for biochemical context only. This product is for research use only; no clinical or medical claims are made.

Buffer Applications

Sodium hyaluronate is not itself a buffering agent. However, buffer choice is central to preparing stable, functional HA solutions for research.

• Suitable media (literature/general)

  • Low- to neutral-pH buffers: MES (pH 4.5–6.5) for carbodiimide activation; phosphate or HEPES (pH 6.8–7.8) for storage and bioconjugation to amines.
  • Ionic strength: 50–150 mM NaCl often improves handling by reducing electrostatic expansion and solution viscosity.
  • Avoid high concentrations of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) when unintended gelation/aggregation is a concern; include them deliberately when crosslinking is desired.

• Preparation hints

  • Sprinkle polymer slowly into rapidly stirring buffer; allow full hydration (often 1–12 h depending on MW and concentration).
  • Degas buffers when performing oxygen-sensitive chemistries; filter-sterilize through 0.22 µm if MW and viscosity permit.

• Example buffer pairings (literature/general)

  • EDC/NHS coupling: 50–100 mM MES, pH 5.0–6.0, optional 100–150 mM NaCl.
  • Storage solution: PBS or 10–50 mM HEPES, pH ~7.4, with aseptic technique; consider a suitable preservative for long-term bench storage if compatible with downstream use.

Green Alternatives

Sodium hyaluronate is itself a bio-based, biodegradable polymer typically processed and used in water—aligning well with green chemistry principles.

• Sustainability context (literature/general)

  • Renewable origin: commonly produced via microbial fermentation. Biodegradable and non-halogenated.
  • Preferred solvent: water, minimizing VOC emissions and flammability hazards.

• Alternatives and trade-offs

  • Versus synthetic polyanions (e.g., poly(acrylic acid), PAA): HA offers biocompatible sugar-based backbone and enzymatic degradability; PAA can be more chemically robust and cost-effective but is petroleum-derived and often requires organic cosolvents for certain modifications.
  • Versus sulfated GAGs (e.g., heparin): HA lacks sulfation, reducing charge density and anticoagulant risks in handling; however, sulfated GAGs may offer stronger electrostatic interactions for certain assemblies.

• Process considerations

  • Favor aqueous coupling agents with improved atom economy (e.g., DMTMM) over carbodiimides when compatible, to reduce urea waste.
  • Use copper-free click chemistry to avoid heavy-metal residues in biomaterials workflows.
  • Implement low-energy processing: room-temperature reactions, minimal lyophilization cycles, and recovery of water where possible.

Comparison table (literature/general)

• Metric: Solvent footprint — HA: water; PAA workflows: often water, occasional organics for functionalization.
• Metric: Origin — HA: renewable/fermentation; PAA: petrochemical.
• Metric: End-of-life — HA: biodegradable; PAA: variable, often persistent.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic claims are made. The following describes general formulation roles of sodium hyaluronate as reported in the literature; applicability to this item depends on lot-specific specifications not provided here.

• Excipient/functionality (literature/general)

  • Viscosity modifier and thickener in aqueous systems.
  • Mucoadhesive/hydrating polymer for topical and ophthalmic formulations.
  • Stabilizer and bulking agent in biomolecule formulations where high ionic hydration shells are advantageous.

• Formulation considerations

  • Molecular weight selection tunes rheology, syringeability, and diffusion. High-MW increases viscoelasticity; low-MW improves filterability and mixing.
  • pH near neutrality maintains polymer integrity; extreme pH and high shear can decrease MW.
  • Compatibility: generally compatible with common isotonic excipients (NaCl); multivalent cations can induce network formation.

• Regulatory status

  • Multiple pharmacopeias include monographs for hyaluronic acid/sodium hyaluronate grades; conformity is product-specific and not implied here. Users should verify compliance requirements for their intended research or development context.

Note: This SKU is sold for research use only. Suitability for any regulated application must be established independently by the user.

Physical Properties

Item-specific data are not provided for this SKU; consult CoA/Spec Sheet. General properties below are literature/general and may vary with molecular weight and counterion content.

• Physical state/appearance (literature): typically white to off-white, hygroscopic powder or fibrous solid; forms clear, viscoelastic solutions in water.
• Solubility (literature): highly soluble in water; insoluble in most organic solvents. Solubility limit effectively governed by viscosity; workable solutions commonly 0.1–20 mg/mL, with much higher attainable for low-MW grades.
• pKa (literature): carboxyl group pKa ~2.9–3.2; fully deprotonated at neutral pH.
• Charge state: polyanionic above pH ~4; counterion is Na+.
• Intrinsic viscosity (literature): strongly MW-dependent; solutions exhibit non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior.
• Density/refractive index/RI increment: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Typical dn/dc for polysaccharides in water ~0.145–0.155 mL/g (literature), method-dependent.
• Hygroscopicity: absorbs moisture; viscosity and handling are humidity-sensitive.
• Thermal behavior (literature): no true melting point; decomposes on heating; aqueous solutions stable near ambient temperatures but can hydrolyze under extreme pH or at elevated temperatures.

Practical notes

• Dissolution is facilitated by slow sprinkling onto rapidly stirring water/buffer; allow full hydration (often several hours) and avoid foaming.
• Ionic strength and multivalent cations markedly influence conformation, aggregation, and viscosity.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General guidance on grades (literature/general)

  • Research grade: suitable for most analytical and in vitro applications; typical controls include bioburden, endotoxin, protein, and nucleic acid levels. Viscosity or MW distribution (e.g., SEC-MALS) is often the key specification.
  • Cosmetic grade: emphasizes microbiological quality, residual solvents, and heavy metals aligned with cosmetic regulations.
  • Biomedical grades (e.g., injection/implant): require stringent controls (endotoxin, residual proteins/DNA, bioburden, MW specification, sterility). These are highly regulated; not implied for this product.
  • Endotoxin/bioburden: critical for cell- and tissue-related research; seek low-endotoxin lots if sensitive assays are planned.

• Stabilizers/additives

  • Stabilizers are generally unnecessary in the dry solid if stored properly. Aqueous formulations may include salts, buffers, or preservatives to control ionic strength and microbial growth. None are specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• What to check on receipt

  • Lot-specific MW distribution/viscosity, moisture content, bioburden/endotoxin, residual protein. Confirm the absence or presence of any additives and verify suitability for intended research application.

Reaction and Applications

This product is a functional biopolymer used primarily in life-science research rather than as a small-molecule reagent. Applications focus on materials formation, surface science, and bioconjugation.

• Materials and biomaterials (literature/general)

  • Hydrogel formation via covalent crosslinking: carbodiimide-mediated amide bonds (HA–COOH to diamines), hydrazone/oxime formation after periodate oxidation (dialdehyde HA), thiol–ene or Michael addition using HA-thiol or HA-methacrylate derivatives, Diels–Alder or “click” chemistries for orthogonal gelation.
  • Viscosity modifiers and space-filling matrices for 3D cell culture; ECM-mimetic coatings when combined with adhesion motifs (e.g., RGD peptides) or blended with collagen/gelatin.

• Conjugation and derivatization

  • Carboxylate coupling to amines with EDC/NHS or DMTMM in aqueous buffers; degree of substitution tailored by stoichiometry and pH control.
  • Reductive amination of aldehyde-modified HA with amines; copper-free azide–alkyne cycloaddition using pre-functionalized HA (azide/alkyne-bearing).

• Surface and particle modification

  • Grafting HA onto nanoparticles or surfaces to modulate colloidal stability, hydration, and biointerfacial interactions (e.g., CD44-mediated recognition in cell studies).

• Analytical uses

  • SEC-MALS or intrinsic viscosity measurements to assess MW and conformation; colorimetric carbazole/sulfamate assays for uronic acids (quantitation under controlled conditions).

All uses are for research only; no medical or clinical use is implied.

Reaction Conditions

General, literature-based guidance for common sodium hyaluronate modifications; optimize per application and consult primary sources.

• EDC/NHS-mediated amide formation (carboxyl to amine)

  • Typical solvent: water or 50–100 mM MES buffer, pH 4.7–6.0 for activation; coupling with amines near pH 6–7.4.
  • Stoichiometry: EDC 1–5 eq per carboxyl, NHS 1–5 eq; amine 0.1–2 eq per carboxyl depending on target substitution.
  • Temperature/time: ambient; 0.5–4 h activation, followed by 1–16 h coupling. Remove urea byproducts by dialysis.

• Periodate oxidation (dialdehyde HA)

  • NaIO4 in water (dark), pH ~3–5, 0–25 C; minutes to hours depending on desired oxidation level; quench excess periodate (e.g., with ethylene glycol). Proceed to hydrazone/oxime formation and optional NaBH3CN reduction.

• Thiol–Michael/photocrosslinking

  • Use HA-methacrylate or HA-vinyl derivatives with dithiols or thiolated peptides; pH 7–8 for base-catalyzed Michael addition, or photoinitiators (e.g., Irgacure analogs) for UV-triggered crosslinking in aqueous media.

• DMTMM coupling (alternative to EDC/NHS)

  • Water, pH 7–8; catalytic to stoichiometric loadings; advantages include fewer byproducts and efficient amide formation at neutral pH.

• Purification and analysis

  • Dialysis (appropriate MWCO), ultrafiltration, or precipitation (e.g., ethanol/isopropanol) to isolate products. Verify MW retention and substitution by SEC-MALS and NMR.

All parameters are literature/general guidance and not specifications for this item.

Safety and Handling

Hazard classification for this specific item is not provided; consult the product SDS for authoritative guidance.

• GHS information for this SKU

  • Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Hazard statements (H-phrases): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms/GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General safety (literature/general)

  • Sodium hyaluronate is a high-molecular-weight biopolymer typically considered low acute toxicity. Primary risks are dust nuisance, inhalation of aerosols, and microbial contamination of aqueous solutions.
  • Avoid creating dusts; use local ventilation when handling powders. Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, disposable gloves. For large-scale powder handling, consider a dust mask/respirator per institutional policy.
  • Incompatibilities: strong oxidizers; strong acids/bases (can hydrolyze or degrade polymer); multivalent cations can cause gelation/precipitation.
  • First aid (general): if inhaled, move to fresh air; if on skin/eyes, rinse with water; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Always follow SDS instructions.

• Handling and solution hygiene

  • Prepare solutions with sterile technique for biological work; filter-sterilize if feasible. Consider adding a suitable biocide for long-term storage of research solutions (observe associated hazards and downstream application constraints).
  • Avoid prolonged heating; minimize shear if maintaining very high MW is critical.

Solvent Selection

Sodium hyaluronate is a highly hydrophilic polyanion; solvent choice is straightforward and centered on aqueous media.

• Polarity and miscibility (literature/general)

  • Best solvent: water (DI, Milli-Q). Miscible with physiological buffers (PBS), saline, and many Good’s buffers (HEPES, MOPS) within typical pH 5–8.
  • Poor/insoluble: most organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, chlorinated solvents). Water–organic mixtures with high organic content can precipitate the polymer.

• Practical selection

  • For bioconjugation: use mildly acidic to neutral buffers that support chosen coupling chemistry while maintaining solubility (e.g., MES pH 4.5–6 for EDC/NHS activation of carboxylates; HEPES or phosphate near pH 7 for amide formation).
  • For rheology/viscosity studies: choose ionic strength carefully; higher salt screens electrostatic repulsion and reduces coil expansion, lowering viscosity.
  • For cell culture compatibility: sterile PBS or cell culture media (without calcium/magnesium when avoiding unwanted crosslinking with divalent cations).

• Small comparison (literature)

  • Water vs saline: saline reduces electrostatic expansion, easing handling at higher concentrations but slightly lowering hydrodynamic size.
  • HEPES vs phosphate: both suitable near neutral pH; phosphate can complex with divalent cations affecting gelation behavior; HEPES is zwitterionic and less prone to precipitation with metals.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific storage from Product Data

  • Storage conditions: Room temperature, Cool.
  • Shipped: Normal.

• General guidance (literature/general)

  • Solid: store tightly closed in a cool, dry place away from light and oxidizers. Desiccation helps limit moisture uptake. Avoid repeated exposure to humid air.
  • Aqueous solutions: prepare with sterile technique. For short-term storage, refrigerate if compatible with experimental plans; for longer-term, consider aliquoting and freezing to minimize microbial growth and degradation. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw if preserving very high MW is critical.
  • pH and ionic strength: maintain near neutral pH (6.5–7.5) to minimize hydrolysis; adjust ionic strength to control viscosity and aggregation.

• Reconstitution

  • Add the required volume of water or buffer gradually with vigorous stirring to reach the target concentration. Allow sufficient time for complete hydration. Gentle warming to ambient temperature may help; avoid elevated temperatures that accelerate hydrolysis.

• Stability notes

  • Degradation can occur via hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzymatic action; use clean, enzyme-free tools and containers. Include suitable preservatives for bench-stable stock solutions if compatible with downstream applications.

For definitive, lot-specific stability and storage limits, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.

Structure and Identity

Overview: Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a linear, anionic glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating disaccharide units of β-1,4-D-glucuronic acid and β-1,3-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • CAS: 9067-32-7
  • PubChem CID: 23663392
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Note: empirical formula varies with degree of polymerization and counterion content.)
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Polydisperse; often categorized as low-, medium-, or high-molecular-weight by literature.)

• Structural features (literature/general)

  • Repeating unit: [→4)-β-D-GlcA-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→]n with carboxylates present as sodium carboxylates under neutral conditions.
  • Functional groups: carboxylate (–COO− Na+), acetamide (–NHCOCH3), multiple secondary alcohols.
  • Stereochemistry: all sugar centers are well-defined D-stereochemistry; no branching; no sulfate groups.
  • 2D description: an alternating disaccharide polymer with β(1→3) and β(1→4) linkages; each glucuronic acid bears a carboxylate; each N-acetylglucosamine contains an acetamide at C2.

• Category/Type

  • Polysaccharide biopolymer; glycosaminoglycan; polyanion at physiological pH.

Note: Structural identifiers for high-polymers (exact SMILES/InChI) are often provided as repeating-unit fragments; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for the specific representation used for this lot.

Synthetic Utility

As a multifunctional biopolymer, sodium hyaluronate serves as a scaffold for derivatization and as a macromolecular reagent in materials synthesis.

• Functional group handles (literature/general)

  • Carboxylates (GlcA): amenable to amide/ester formation via carbodiimide or uronium coupling agents (EDC/NHS, DMTMM).
  • Vicinal diols (pyranose ring): periodate oxidation to generate dialdehydes for subsequent Schiff-base chemistry and reductive amination.
  • Available hydroxyls: activation (e.g., tosylation, carbonate formation) for ether/ester linkages under carefully controlled aqueous/heterogeneous conditions.
  • Acetamide: typically inert but can participate in hydrogen bonding and influence solvation.

• Building blocks and conjugates

  • HA–peptide conjugates to introduce cell-adhesive motifs (e.g., RGD), HA–PEG for tuning solubility and sterics, HA–thiol or HA–methacrylate for crosslinkable networks.
  • Surface-immobilized HA for antifouling or receptor-targeting studies (e.g., CD44 binding in vitro).

• Retrosynthetic value

  • Provides a preorganized, hydrophilic backbone with periodic carboxylates enabling regular spacing of ligands. Degree of substitution can be used to encode ligand density.

• Analytical control

  • SEC-MALS and NMR (1H/13C) to confirm modification; carbazole assay for uronic acid content; TNBS or Ninhydrin for residual free amines post-coupling.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a polysaccharide reagent, not an antibody or targeted biological. For receptor interaction studies (literature/general), hyaluronic acid can engage CD44 and other HA-binding proteins in vitro, but no item-specific target-binding attributes are claimed or specified.

Foire aux questions

How should this product be stored?

Store in a cool place.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships under standard ambient conditions. No temperature-controlled packaging is required.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 9067-32-7.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.