YWHAH Mouse mAb - Anticorps primaire, specific to YWHAH

Cat. No.: Ab325641

GRADE & PURITY KO Validation

Application

WB

Host species

Souris

Reactive species

conseil, Humain, Souris

Isotype

Mouse IgG1

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Specifications

Product Name

YWHAH Mouse mAb - Anticorps primaire, specific to YWHAH

Spécifications et pureté

KO Validation

Espèce hôte

Souris

Spécificité

YWHAH

Immunogène

Recombinant protein of human 14-3-3 eta

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Grade

KO Validation

Méthode de purification

Protein G purified

Product Line

Produits biologiques

Stockage et expédition

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Expédié en

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stabilité et stockage

Store at -20°C for one year.

Application Protocols

Item-specific tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive control samples are not specified for this product; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for definitive guidance.

Note: As general practice (not item-specific), users should perform small-scale titrations to determine optimal antibody dilution and incubation conditions for their sample type and assay format.

Biological Roles

• Target overview (YWHAH; 14-3-3 eta)

  • YWHAH encodes the eta isoform of the 14-3-3 protein family—acidic, dimeric adaptor proteins that recognize phosphoserine/phosphothreonine motifs (consensus RSXpSXP and related) on numerous client proteins (literature).

• Cellular functions (literature/general)

  • Signal transduction: Modulates MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways by stabilizing phosphorylated kinases and transcriptional regulators.
  • Cell cycle and apoptosis: Sequesters pro-apoptotic factors (e.g., BAD) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner; influences G1/S and G2/M checkpoints via interactions with CDC25 and other regulators.
  • Subcellular trafficking: Governs localization of clients by masking nuclear localization/export signals.
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics: Interfaces with proteins governing actin and intermediate filaments, affecting cell motility and morphology.

• Expression and regulation (literature/general)

  • Broadly expressed with notable abundance in neural tissues. Expression and binding are modulated by client/kinase activities and by post-translational modifications on both YWHAH and clients.

• Research utility of anti-YWHAH antibodies (general)

  • Enable detection/quantification of 14-3-3 eta, co-immunoprecipitation of associated complexes, and assessment of pathway activation states when combined with phospho-specific client readouts.

Note: Biological role description is general background on YWHAH and not item-specific performance claims.

Buffer Applications

Buffer formulation is ancillary to this antibody’s use. No product-specific buffer composition is provided for SKU Ab325641.

• Common buffers for antibody workflows (general)

  • PBS, pH 7.2–7.4: Widely used for dilution, storage, and wash steps; isotonic and gentle on protein conformation.
  • TBS, pH 7.4–8.0: Alternative to PBS; may reduce background in certain IHC/IF assays and is preferred with alkaline phosphatase detection.
  • TBST/PBST: Addition of 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 for washing improves stringency and lowers nonspecific binding.
  • Blocking buffers: 3–5% BSA or nonfat dry milk in TBST/PBST for WB; serum or protein-free blockers for IHC/IF depending on tissue and secondary antibodies.

• pH and ionic strength (general guidance)

  • Maintain near-neutral pH and physiological salt (100–150 mM NaCl) to preserve antibody structure and binding.

• Additives

  • Carrier proteins (BSA) and cryoprotectants (e.g., 50% glycerol) can enhance stability at −20°C; whether this item contains such additives is not specified.

For any mandatory buffer specifications or incompatibilities, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

While antibody reagents are inherently aqueous and relatively benign compared with many organic chemicals, greener practices can further reduce environmental impact.

• Greener choices and practices (general)

  • Minimize single-use plastics by employing reusable secondary containers and low-waste blocking solutions.
  • Use concentrated stock formats to lower cold-chain shipping volume. This item ships with ice packs (from Product Data); coordinate consolidated shipments to reduce packaging.
  • Prefer phosphate- or Tris-based buffers prepared from high-purity salts; avoid azide in downstream live-cell workflows to reduce hazardous waste (preservative for this item not specified).
  • Implement digital documentation to limit paper CoAs and protocols.

• Alternatives within reagent class

  • Recombinant monoclonal antibodies can improve lot-to-lot consistency, reducing repeat experiments and waste.
  • Carrier-free formulations avoid BSA/glycerol when conjugation is planned, reducing additional purification steps; availability for this item is not specified.

• End-of-life and waste

  • Deactivate azide-containing solutions (if present) appropriately and segregate halogenated/non-halogenated waste. Rinse vials before recycling when permissible by local regulations.

Consult institutional EHS for practices compliant with your facility and local regulations.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied strictly for research use only (from Product Data) and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

• Relevant non-clinical uses (general)

  • Process analytics and QC in biopharmaceutical research: As a control reagent for immunoassays, method development, and antibody screening platforms.
  • Target validation studies: Investigation of YWHAH-associated signaling networks in preclinical research models.
  • Reference material: Internal lab standards for assay qualification and inter-lot comparability (not a certified reference material unless explicitly stated; not specified for this item).

• Regulatory status

  • Pharmacopeial monographs and GMP status are not applicable to this research-grade antibody unless otherwise indicated; for this item, no such designation is specified.

For any compliance-related documentation (e.g., CoA, TSE/BSE statements), refer to the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Concentration, buffer composition, preservative: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General properties for monoclonal antibodies (literature/general)

  • Molecular weight: ~150 kDa for IgG; fragments (Fab, F(ab')2) are lighter if applicable (not specified for this item).
  • Solubility: Readily soluble in aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS). Precipitation can occur outside physiological pH/ionic strength or with freeze–thaw stress.
  • Isoelectric point (pI): Typically ~6–9 for IgG depending on isotype/glycosylation (varies by clone; literature range).
  • Stability: Enhanced by neutral pH (≈7.2–7.4), 0.02–0.05% carrier proteins, and cryoprotectants when aliquoted and frozen; exact formulation for this item is not specified.
  • Optical properties: Protein A280 ~1.4–1.6 per mg/mL for IgG (literature estimate; specific extinction coefficient depends on sequence/glycosylation).

• Thermosensitivity

  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles (item-specific storage note). Maintain cold chain during handling to preserve activity.

For definitive product-specific physicochemical details (concentration, buffer, preservative, endotoxin level), refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific quality designation

  • Grade/Purity: KO Validation (from Product Data).

• What KO Validation implies (general explanation)

  • KO (knockout) validation indicates that antibody specificity has been assessed in a system where the target gene (here, YWHAH) is genetically ablated; a high-quality anti-YWHAH mAb should exhibit a loss of signal in KO versus wild-type samples. This strengthens confidence in on-target binding and reduces risk of off-target bands in immunoassays.
  • Note: The exact KO model, assay format (WB/IHC/IF), and data are not provided here; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for the validation dataset and acceptance criteria.

• Additional quality attributes typically relevant to antibodies (general; not specified for this item)

  • Isotype/subclass and light-chain type (e.g., IgG1, kappa) inform protein A/G binding and secondary antibody selection.
  • Purification method (Protein A/G, antigen affinity, size-exclusion) affects purity and background.
  • Host species (mouse) guides choice of anti-mouse secondary and blocking strategies in mouse tissue (“mouse-on-mouse” optimization when applicable).
  • Endotoxin level, bioburden, and preservative content are important for cell-based assays; not specified for this item.

• Documentation and lot-to-lot consistency

  • For lot-specific concentration, buffer, and performance metrics, refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet. Maintain records of lot numbers in publications to ensure reproducibility.

Reaction and Applications

As a monoclonal antibody, this product is used in immunoassay applications rather than chemical reactions.

• Typical research applications for anti-YWHAH antibodies (general)

  • Western blot (WB): Detection of 14-3-3 eta in cell/tissue lysates; expected band ~28–33 kDa for YWHAH (literature; gel mobility can vary with phosphorylation and sample conditions).
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF): Visualization of cytosolic localization and dynamic relocalization upon signaling.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Mapping tissue distribution; antigen retrieval and blocking conditions need optimization.
  • Immunoprecipitation (IP/Co-IP): Enrichment of YWHAH and interacting phosphoproteins; include phosphatase inhibitors to preserve interactions.
  • Proximity assays: PLA or BioID workflows to probe YWHAH complexes (general guidance).

• Practical tips (general, not item-specific)

  • Include phosphatase inhibitors (Na3VO4, NaF, β-glycerophosphate) during lysis to maintain YWHAH–client interactions.
  • Optimize blocking (3–5% BSA or milk) and detergent levels to balance specificity and sensitivity.
  • Validate specificity with peptide competition or genetic controls (KO/siRNA) where feasible.

Note: Specific tested applications, dilutions, and performance metrics for SKU Ab325641 are not provided here; refer to the product datasheet.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable in the context of chemical synthesis. For experimental conditions relevant to immunoassays (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, IP), optimization of dilution, incubation times, temperature, and buffers is assay-specific and should be determined empirically. No item-specific, validated conditions are provided for SKU Ab325641 here; consult the product datasheet when available.

Safety and Handling

• Item-specific hazard data

  • GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS for authoritative safety information.

• General safety guidance for antibody reagents (research use only)

  • PPE: Laboratory coat, nitrile gloves, and safety glasses. Avoid inhalation of aerosols and contact with skin/eyes.
  • Handling: Work on ice or at 2–8°C during setup to preserve activity. Use clean, low-protein-binding plastics and calibrated pipettes.
  • Preservatives: Some antibody formulations contain sodium azide or ProClin. This item’s preservative is not specified; check SDS/label. If azide is present, avoid contact with acids and copper/lead plumbing to prevent formation of metal azides; collect azide-containing waste separately.
  • Biological safety: Although not derived from infectious material, treat as a biological reagent. Decontaminate spills with appropriate disinfectant (e.g., freshly made 10% bleach), then wipe and rinse.

• First-aid (general)

  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Ingestion/inhalation: Rinse mouth, move to fresh air; seek medical attention as needed.

• Incompatibilities and storage

  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles (item-specific). Keep away from strong oxidizers and extreme pH. Store at the recommended temperature and protect from microbial contamination by aseptic technique.

Always consult the product-specific SDS before use.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous protein reagent; organic solvent selection is not typically applicable.

• Applicable media (general guidance for antibodies)

  • Preferred: Isotonic aqueous buffers such as PBS (pH 7.2–7.4) or TBS (pH 7.4–8.0). Additives like 0.05% Tween-20 reduce nonspecific binding in wash buffers.
  • Sample treatment: For WB and IP, lysis buffers (RIPA, NP-40, Triton X-100) are used to extract YWHAH; buffer stringency can modulate detection of protein–protein complexes.
  • Protein stabilization: Carrier proteins (e.g., BSA) and cryoprotectants (e.g., 50% glycerol) may enhance stability during storage and working dilution; specific formulation for this item is not specified.

• Avoid

  • High percentages of organic solvents (e.g., >20% methanol, acetonitrile) which can denature antibodies unless specifically intended.

• When to choose PBS vs TBS (general)

  • PBS is broadly compatible; TBS may reduce background in certain IHC/IF applications and is preferred when phosphate can interfere (e.g., with alkaline phosphatase detection systems).

For this item’s exact storage and working buffer recommendations, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific storage and shipping (from Product Data)

  • Storage Conditions: Store at −20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
  • Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.

• Handling guidance (general; not product-specific)

  • Upon receipt: Inspect for container integrity and any signs of thawing. Spin briefly to collect contents.
  • Aliquoting: Divide into single-use aliquots in low-protein-binding tubes to prevent freeze–thaw cycles that can reduce binding activity.
  • Working stocks: Maintain on ice during use. Prepare working dilutions in assay buffer (e.g., PBS or TBS with appropriate blockers) immediately before use.
  • Long-term stability: Stability is enhanced by neutral pH and, when appropriate, addition of cryoprotectants (e.g., 50% glycerol) for −20°C storage; whether this item contains such additives is not specified.
  • Light sensitivity: Unconjugated antibodies are generally light-stable, but fluorophore- or enzyme-conjugated forms (if any) require protection from light; conjugation status for this item is not specified.

• Reconstitution

  • If supplied lyophilized (not specified), reconstitute with sterile, antibody-grade water or buffer to the desired concentration and allow gentle mixing without vortexing; verify the recommended diluent on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Always follow any additional instructions on the vial label or datasheet for this SKU.

Structure and Identity

This product is a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against YWHAH (14-3-3 eta), supplied for research applications.

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Product name: YWHAH Mouse mAb (SKU: Ab325641)
  • Grade/Validation: KO Validation
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES / InChIKey: Not applicable to antibodies; not specified for this item.

• Structural features (general antibody knowledge)

  • Immunoglobulin type: Mouse monoclonal IgG (typical for “mAb”; exact isotype/clonality details not specified for this item).
  • Architecture: Two heavy chains and two light chains stabilized by disulfide bonds; variable regions confer specificity to YWHAH epitopes.
  • Typical MW: ~150 kDa for intact IgG (literature, varies by isotype and glycosylation).
  • Antigen: YWHAH encodes 14-3-3 eta, a phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding adaptor protein.

• 2D/functional description (general)

  • Antibody binding site (paratope) in the variable domains recognizes an epitope on YWHAH; epitope sequence/region is not specified for this item.

• Identifiers

  • CAS, CID, InChIKey: Not applicable for monoclonal antibodies; not specified for this item.

Note: For clone ID, epitope mapping, and isotype confirmation, consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet when available.

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable. As a monoclonal antibody reagent, this product is not a chemical building block and is not used in organic synthesis. For practical usage, see Reaction & Applications and Application Protocols.

Target Specificity

• Antigen/Target: YWHAH (14-3-3 eta)
• Host: Mouse monoclonal antibody (from product name)
• Clone ID, epitope, isotype, species reactivity, cross-reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: KO Validation grade (from Product Data) indicates that specificity was assessed using a knockout system; see the item’s validation data for details when available.

Foire aux questions

What does KO Validation mean?

KO Validation indicates the product has been validated for use in rigorous antibody validation workflows. Validation may include positive/negative control samples, signal-to-noise testing, and protocol-specific QC. Lot-specific test data is published on the Certificate of Analysis where available.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.