2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic Acid: Properties & Lab FAQs

2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid is a halogenated, hydroxyl-substituted pyridine-3-carboxylic acid used as a versatile synthetic building block in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research.

CAS Number

Not specified in source material — see product page C193384

Molecular Formula

C6H4ClNO3

Functional Groups

Carboxylic acid (–COOH), hydroxyl (–OH), chloro (–Cl) on a pyridine ring

Primary Use

Synthetic intermediate and building block in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery

Product SKU

C193384

Compound Class

Halogenated pyridinecarboxylic acid (nicotinic acid derivative)

What Is 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic Acid?

2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid is a substituted pyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing a chlorine atom at the 2-position and a hydroxyl group at the 5-position of the aromatic ring. It belongs to the broader class of halogenated nicotinic acid derivatives and heterocyclic carboxylic acids. The compound combines three reactive or pharmacophoric groups — a carboxylic acid, a phenolic hydroxyl, and an aryl chloride — on a single pyridine scaffold, making it a multifunctional building block for organic synthesis. Its molecular formula is C6H4ClNO3.

Chemical Properties and Handling

As an aromatic carboxylic acid, 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid is typically a solid at room temperature. The carboxylic acid group confers moderate acidity, and the compound is generally soluble in polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dilute aqueous base. Solubility in water or non-polar organic solvents is expected to be limited; researchers should verify solubility empirically for each application.

Standard laboratory precautions should be observed when handling this reagent: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety glasses, lab coat), avoid inhalation of dust, and work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood. Consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by Aladdin Scientific for specific hazard classifications and first-aid measures before use.

Storage Conditions and Stability

Halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids of this class are generally stable when stored under appropriate conditions. The recommended practice is to store 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and light, at a cool, dry temperature — typically room temperature or refrigerated (2–8 °C) as indicated on the product label or certificate of analysis (CoA). Exposure to strong bases or nucleophiles may result in displacement of the aryl chloride via nucleophilic aromatic substitution; exposure to strong oxidizing or reducing agents should also be avoided.

Always refer to the current Aladdin Scientific product label and CoA for lot-specific storage instructions and shelf-life information.

Research and Synthetic Applications

2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid is primarily valued as a versatile heterocyclic building block in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical synthesis. The three distinct functional groups on the pyridine ring provide multiple handles for chemical elaboration:

• Carboxylic acid: can be converted to esters, amides, or acyl chlorides for further coupling reactions, including peptide-bond-type couplings.
• Aryl chloride: amenable to metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki, Buchwald–Hartwig) or nucleophilic aromatic substitution with amines or alkoxides.
• Hydroxyl group: can be O-alkylated, O-acylated, or used in cyclisation reactions to build more complex ring systems.

Such multifunctionality makes the compound a useful scaffold for constructing libraries of analogues in drug discovery programmes targeting diverse biological pathways. Specific published applications should be verified in primary literature.

Purity, Grade, and Quality Specifications

Aladdin Scientific supplies 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid (SKU: C193384) as a research-grade reagent. The precise purity specification, lot-specific analytical data, and characterisation information (e.g., HPLC purity, NMR, melting point) are documented in the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) accompanying each lot. Researchers and procurement teams should request or download the CoA from the Aladdin product page to confirm that the material meets the quality requirements of their specific application.

If a higher grade or custom specification is required, please contact Aladdin Scientific customer service to discuss available options.

Frequently asked questions

What is 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid used for in research?

2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid serves primarily as a multifunctional heterocyclic building block in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical synthesis. Its carboxylic acid, aryl chloride, and hydroxyl functional groups each provide independent sites for chemical modification, enabling construction of structurally diverse analogues and drug candidates via reactions such as amide coupling, metal-catalysed cross-coupling, and O-alkylation.

What solvents are suitable for dissolving 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid?

Based on its chemical structure — a polar, hydrogen-bond-donating aromatic carboxylic acid — 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid is expected to dissolve best in polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO or DMF, and in dilute aqueous base (where the carboxylate anion forms). Solubility in water or non-polar solvents is expected to be low. Researchers should confirm solubility empirically for each specific experimental condition.

How should 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid be stored to maintain its integrity?

Store 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture, heat, and light. Room-temperature or refrigerated storage (2–8 °C) is typically appropriate for halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids of this type; always follow the specific conditions stated on the Aladdin product label and the Certificate of Analysis for the purchased lot.

What reactive functional groups does 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid contain, and how can they be selectively transformed?

The molecule contains three reactive groups: a carboxylic acid (amenable to esterification, amide coupling, or reduction), an aryl chloride (suitable for palladium-catalysed cross-coupling or nucleophilic aromatic substitution), and a phenolic hydroxyl (available for O-alkylation or O-acylation). Selective transformation of one group in the presence of others requires careful choice of reagents, protecting groups, and reaction conditions; consulting primary synthetic literature is advised for each specific transformation.

How do I obtain the Certificate of Analysis or Safety Data Sheet for C193384?

The Certificate of Analysis (CoA) and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid (SKU: C193384) can be downloaded directly from the product page on the Aladdin Scientific website by entering the lot number. If the documents are not available online, please contact Aladdin Scientific customer service with your order details and lot number for assistance.

References

1. Aladdin Scientific product page for 2-Chloro-5-hydroxynicotinic acid, SKU C193384. Aladdin Scientific.
2. March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure. Wiley-Interscience. General reference for nucleophilic aromatic substitution, amide coupling, and cross-coupling reactions.

Products are supplied for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.