Cilia and flagellum are specialized structures extending from the surface of cells of unicellular or multicellular organisms. Inside is a shaft composed of microtubules (the central part of the shaft consists of 2 microtubules and the periphery is surrounded by 9 groups of bipartite microtubules), and the base of the shaft is connected to the matrix and surrounded by the cell membrane. The diameter is 0.15-0.3 μm, and it belongs to the motor organ of the cell. Its movement is generally believed to be caused by the sliding between the duplex microtubules, and the flagellum moves in a wave-like manner, while the cilia move in a fluctuating manner.
Principle
The basic principle of the cell movement observation experiment is that the cilia and flagellum are specialized structures protruding from the surface of cells of unicellular or multicellular organisms, and the inner part of the cilia is composed of a shaft of microtubules (the central part of the shaft consists of 2 microtubules, and the periphery is surrounded by 9 groups of bipartite microtubules), the base of the shaft is connected with the matrix, and the periphery is surrounded by the cell membrane. The diameter is 0.15-0.3 μm, and it belongs to the motor organ of the cell. Its movement is generally believed to be caused by the sliding between the dichotomous microtubules, the flagellum moves in a wave-like manner, and the cilia move in a fluctuating manner.
Operation method
Cell Movement Observation Experiment
Principle
The basic principle of the cell movement observation experiment is that the cilia and flagellum are specialized structures protruding from the surface of cells of unicellular or multicellular organisms, and the inner part of the cilia is composed of a shaft of microtubules (the central part of the shaft consists of 2 microtubules, and the periphery is surrounded by 9 groups of bipartite microtubules), the base of the shaft is connected with the matrix, and the periphery is surrounded by the cell membrane. The diameter is 0.15-0.3 μm, and it belongs to the motor organ of the cell. Its movement is generally believed to be caused by the sliding between the dichotomous microtubules, the flagellum moves in a wave-like manner, and the cilia move in a fluctuating manner. Dark-field illumination is an illumination method in which the light irradiating the object being examined does not enter the objective lens directly. It is often used to observe unstained living cells or colloidal particles. Using this method, the illumination light passing through the specimen is not directly visible when observing under the microscope, but the light reflected or diffracted from the examined object enters the objective lens, which can improve the resolution, and the presence and movement of bright examined objects can be seen in the dark field, but their internal structure cannot be clearly seen.
Materials and Instruments
Equipment: Move The basic process can be divided into the following steps: Caveat 1 The ciliated movement of the epithelial cells of the maxillary mucosa of toads Observe the phenomenon of ciliated movement under low magnification, and then change to high magnification to carefully observe the regular movement of cilia.2 dark field observation of toad sperm flagellar movement low magnification can be seen in the field of view there are many sperm, the head is long conical, tail for the elongated thread-like structure; high magnification, see there are many rely on the tail flagellum bending and swinging to drive the movement of the sperm. For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
Probe, frog plate, lancet, wax chips, slides, coverslips, dissecting scissors, tweezers, toothpicks, pipettes, flat dish, normal light microscope, dark-field microscope, toadstools.
Reagents:
(1) Toad saline.
(I) Observation of the ciliary movement of the epithelial cells of the maxillary mucosa of the toad
A Puncture method of toad execution Take one toad, hold the forelimbs of the toad between the forefinger and the middle finger of the left hand, hold the hind limbs between the ring finger and the pinky finger, and hold down the head by the thumb so as to make the head and the torso at a certain angle. The hole hand holding a dissecting needle, aimed at the head and torso dorsal connected to the depression (i.e., the occipital foramen magnum), with a puncture method to destroy the brain and spinal cord. When the toad's limbs droop without strength, the animal is dead.
B Fix the toad on the frog plate with the abdomen upward.
C Cut backward along the corners of both sides of the mouth of the toad by about 1 cm, and fix the lower jaw on the abdomen by turning it backward.
D Place a wax chip in the midline of the upper jaw 1 cm from the larynx, and observe in what direction the wax chip moves. Record the time from the beginning of the movement to the disappearance of the wax chip.
E Use ophthalmic scissors to cut a 4 mm x 4 mm piece of maxillary mucosal tissue from the anterior portion of the larynx.
F Add 1 drop of saline to the specimen on the slide, cover the slide, and observe the specimen under the light microscope.
(ii) Observe the flagellar movement of toad spermatozoa in the dark field.
A Cut open the toad used in the previous experiment along the mid-abdominal line and expose the yellow cylindrical spermatophore.
B Cut one side of the spermatophore and put it into a Petri dish containing tap water.
C Take the cleaned spermatophore and put it onto another clean Petri dish. Use ophthalmic scissors to cut the spermatophore into pieces and add a few drops of tap water to the spermatophore, then mix it well.
D Take a straw and put 1 drop of liquid on the Petri dish. D Pipet the liquid in the dish, put 1 drop on the slide, cover with a coverslip, wait for 2-3 min, and observe under the microscope.