Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles - 30 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Cat. No.: S120438

GRADE & PURITY 30 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Übersicht

Silver nanoparticles with uniform particle size distribution in aqueous solution and stable performance. Silver nanoparticles with surface modification can be obtained by carrying amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups of different nanoparticle aggregation effect for the particles based on the high sensitivity detection. For the current needs of melamine in dairy products, introduced through a special chemical modification techniques coupled cyanuric acid molecule (MTT) of silver nanoparticles new products. The nanoparticles can sample trace melamine combined, resulting in color of the solution changes from yellow to black, dairy or feed for the rapid detection of melamine.

Specifications

Spezifikationen & Reinheit

30 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Verschickt in

Wet ice

Dieses Produkt erfordert Kühlkettenversand. Grundversand und andere Economy-Optionen sind nicht verfügbar.

Application Protocols

The following are general, literature-based procedures suited to cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs. Adjust volumes/concentrations to your specific lot. These are not item-specific specifications.

1. UV–Vis Quality Check and Working Dilution

• Gently invert the stock to homogenize. If particulates are visible, briefly low-power bath sonicate (<5 min) and allow to equilibrate.
• Record UV–Vis spectrum (300–800 nm) in the supplied medium as baseline. A single, symmetric plasmon band without a strong red tail suggests good dispersion.
• Prepare working dilutions in low-ionic-strength, chloride-free buffer or DI water. Re-measure to confirm stability.

2. Colorimetric Assembly with Melamine (Model Test)

• Prepare 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.4. Mix AgNPs with melamine standards (e.g., low µM to low mM) at fixed AgNP absorbance (e.g., A400 ≈ 0.5 pathlength 1 cm).
• Incubate 5–15 min at ambient temperature; measure A650/A400. Plot response vs concentration to assess dynamic range.

3. SERS Substrate Preparation

• Clean glass slide (piranha or plasma; handle safely). Drop-cast AgNPs; dry in a covered dish. Optionally add a melamine droplet (10–100 µM) to induce H-bonded aggregates. Rinse lightly and dry. Collect spectra with appropriate laser line (e.g., 532/633/785 nm) and low power.

4. Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (Kinetic Demo)

• In cuvette: 2.5 mL water, 0.1 mL 10 mM 4-NP, 0.2 mL freshly made 100 mM NaBH4. Add AgNPs last to initiate; monitor A400 decay over time.

Document exact conditions and maintain consistency across experiments.

Biological Roles

This product is a research nanomaterial and does not possess an intrinsic biological “role” in vivo. However, understanding its interactions with biomolecules is important for laboratory studies (no medical/clinical claims).

Literature/general insights:

• Protein corona formation: In biological media, proteins rapidly adsorb to AgNP surfaces. Cyanuric acid introduces carbonyl- and ring-nitrogen functionalities that can influence corona composition via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
• Cell and membrane models: AgNPs are widely used to investigate nanoparticle–membrane interactions, oxidative stress mechanisms, and ion dissolution (Ag+ release). Cyanuric acid coatings may modulate dissolution rates and colloidal stability at physiological ionic strength.
• Nucleic acid and ligand recognition: The cyanuric acid triazine motif forms complementary H-bonds with melamine-like donors, enabling programmed assembly for biosensing constructs (e.g., colorimetric or SERS readouts) in buffered aqueous systems.
• Enzyme mimics (nanozymes): AgNPs have been explored as peroxidase-like catalysts in assay development; surface ligands affect activity and substrate access.

Practical considerations for bioassays (general):

• Validate endotoxin levels if using with cell culture or immune models.
• Work at low serum to control corona variability; employ BSA or casein blocking if nonspecific adsorption hampers assay.
• Track particle number concentration (e.g., NTA) alongside mass concentration to ensure reproducibility.

All uses are for research only per product data.

Buffer Applications

This material is not a buffering reagent. Nevertheless, buffer choice strongly affects nanoparticle behavior (literature/general guidance):

• Avoid high-halide buffers (e.g., high Cl−) that can form AgCl and etch/aggregate AgNPs.
• Low-ionic-strength, chloride-free systems (e.g., 1–10 mM HEPES, borate, or carbonate) often maintain colloidal stability; verify by UV–Vis SPR.
• Phosphate buffers can interact with Ag surfaces (Ag3PO4) and may destabilize dispersions at higher concentrations; test empirically at ≤5–10 mM.
• pH window: Neutral to slightly basic pH (7–9) generally supports deprotonation of cyanuric acid ligands and more negative zeta potentials, improving stability.

If a specific ready-to-use dispersion medium is supplied for this item, follow it. Otherwise, optimize buffer composition empirically for your assay while monitoring aggregation via DLS/UV–Vis.

Item-specific buffer composition and pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Choice of nanoparticle stabilizer and synthesis route strongly affects environmental footprint, resource use, and laboratory safety. Below is a balanced comparison (literature/general):

• Cyanuric acid–stabilized AgNPs

  • Pros: Hydrophilic, hydrogen-bonding functionality for programmed assembly; potential for aqueous synthesis; no high-boiling organic solvents required.
  • Cons: Silver is a priority pollutant; dispersions can be ecotoxic to aquatic organisms; stability can be salt- and halide-sensitive, potentially increasing waste due to aggregation.

• Citrate-stabilized AgNPs

  • Pros: Classic, water-based, low-toxicity reducing/ capping agent; simple waste streams.
  • Cons: Weaker binding; reduced stability at elevated ionic strength; limited functional handles.

• PVP-stabilized AgNPs

  • Pros: Enhanced colloidal stability across ionic strengths; robust processing; polymer corona reduces uncontrolled aggregation.
  • Cons: Polymer persistence complicates downstream removal/recycling; organic polymer load increases TOC in waste.

• Bio-based reductants/caps (e.g., tannins, ascorbate, plant extracts)

  • Pros: Renewable, often aqueous, lower hazard reagents.
  • Cons: Batch variability; complex surface chemistry; potential impurities.

Greener practice tips (general):

• Use minimal effective nanoparticle loadings; capture silver waste via precipitation (e.g., with sulfide/thiosulfate) for recovery.
• Favor aqueous media; avoid halides and cyanide; implement closed-loop dialysis/ultrafiltration to reduce solvent use.
• Characterize stability to extend shelf life and minimize disposal.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is not intended for therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical use. For research use only (per product data).

General formulation-related context (literature/general):

• Excipient status: Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles are not recognized pharmacopeial excipients. Silver-containing nanomaterials are sometimes studied as antimicrobial components in materials science contexts (e.g., coatings), but such uses are outside clinical formulation standards.
• Preformulation considerations for research prototypes:
  • Control of particle size distribution, zeta potential, and ligand density to ensure colloidal stability in relevant media.
  • Compatibility with common formulation excipients (e.g., polysorbates, PVP) that can displace or overcoat the cyanuric acid shell.
  • Avoidance of halides and sulfur-containing compounds that react with silver.
• Regulatory perspective: Any application beyond basic research would require extensive safety, biocompatibility, and environmental assessments; no claims are made here.

For pharmaceutical manufacturers seeking materials data: Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for detailed composition and any available leachables/residuals analyses, and perform in-house qualification per QbD practices.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical parameters (size, concentration, zeta potential, solvent/dispersion medium) are critical for nanoparticles but are not provided here.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Typical AgNP dispersions appear yellow to brown depending on size and concentration; literature.)
• Core material: Metallic silver (Ag0), fcc crystalline (literature).
• Hydrodynamic diameter / core size distribution: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration (metal and particle number): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Surface ligand: Cyanuric acid (triazine-2,4,6-trione/triol tautomeric forms) coordinated/adsorbed on Ag surface (literature/general for this functionalization category).
• Solvent/vehicle: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Commonly water or aqueous buffer for hydrophilic shells (literature).
• Optical property (surface plasmon resonance, SPR): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Typical AgNP SPR band ~390–430 nm depending on size, shape, and medium (literature, UV–Vis).
• Density (bulk silver): 10.49 g/cm³ (literature). Colloidal dispersion density approximates the continuous phase (literature).
• Zeta potential and pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Cyanuric acid functionalization generally yields negative zeta at neutral pH (literature) due to deprotonated oxygens.
• Stability considerations (literature/general): Sensitive to ionic strength, halides (e.g., Cl− promotes AgCl formation), oxidative media (converts Ag0 to Ag+), and extreme pH which can alter ligand ionization and colloidal stability.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Interpretation and typical QC for cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs (general guidance for researchers evaluating lot quality):

• Particle size and distribution: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for core size; dynamic light scattering (DLS) for hydrodynamic diameter. A narrow polydispersity index (PDI) indicates better colloidal uniformity.
• Surface chemistry confirmation: FTIR or XPS evidence of cyanuric acid binding (triazine C=O and ring bands; N 1s/O 1s shifts). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can estimate ligand loading (literature).
• Colloidal stability: Zeta potential magnitude (e.g., |ζ| ≥ 25–30 mV in given medium; literature guidance) and lack of aggregation in UV–Vis (stable, symmetric SPR peak without long-wavelength shoulder).
• Optical consistency: Lot-to-lot reproducibility of SPR λmax and absorbance-to-concentration calibration (extinction coefficient depends on size; literature).
• Metal content: ICP-OES/ICP-MS for total Ag; optional Ag+/Ag0 speciation by ultrafiltration.
• Microbial/endotoxin testing: Not required for general materials research but may be important for bio-interfacing studies; check CoA if relevant to your application.

Implications of cyanuric acid functionalization (general):

• Provides hydrophilicity and hydrogen-bonding functionality; can enable selective assembly (e.g., with melamine) and compatibility with aqueous media.
• Compared with citrate- or PVP-stabilized AgNPs, cyanuric acid can offer stronger coordination to Ag surfaces under certain pH/ionic strength conditions (literature), potentially improving stability or enabling programmed aggregation.

Reaction and Applications

Cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs are versatile inorganic–organic hybrids used across sensing, catalysis, and nanostructured assembly research.

• Plasmonic sensing (literature/general):
  • Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responds to refractive index and interparticle spacing. Cyanuric acid enables hydrogen-bond-directed aggregation with melamine and related donors, producing colorimetric responses (yellow→orange/brown) quantified by UV–Vis as A650/A400 ratios.
• SERS platforms (literature):
  • AgNPs provide strong electromagnetic enhancement. Controlled assembly via cyanuric acid H-bonding can create tunable “hot spots.” Substrate preparation often involves drop-casting onto cleaned glass/Au and mild drying; analyte adsorption via H-bond donors or amines.
• Heterogeneous catalysis (literature):
  • AgNPs catalyze reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4), azo dye degradation, and certain oxidative transformations. Cyanuric acid shells can modulate access and dispersion, improving recyclability when immobilized on supports.
• Directed self-assembly (literature):
  • Complementary cyanuric acid–melamine networks enable supramolecular lattices, films, or gels embedding AgNPs, useful in photonic or filtration materials.
• Antimicrobial mechanism studies (research use only):
  • AgNPs are widely studied in model systems to elucidate interactions with bacterial membranes and biofilms; cyanuric acid coatings tune colloidal behavior and protein corona formation. No medical/clinical claims are implied.

Practical tips (general):

• Work under low ionic strength and neutral-to-slightly basic pH for maximal colloidal stability; filter (0.22–0.45 µm) to remove dust; avoid halide contamination; monitor SPR for aggregation.

Reaction Conditions

Representative laboratory conditions for common AgNP-based assays and reactions are provided as general literature guidance. These are not item-specific specifications.

• Model catalytic reduction (4-nitrophenol → 4-aminophenol):

  • Medium: Degassed water or water/ethanol at room temperature.
  • Reagents: Excess NaBH4 (freshly prepared, e.g., 10–100 mM) to maintain pseudo-first-order conditions; substrate 4-NP at 0.05–1.0 mM.
  • Catalyst: AgNPs added to give low ppm levels of Ag relative to solution (exact amount depends on particle size and surface area).
  • Monitoring: UV–Vis (400 nm band of 4-nitrophenolate decreases; 300 nm product band appears). Apparent rate constants extracted from ln(A/A0) vs time.

• SERS substrate preparation:

  • Clean glass or Si wafer; drop-cast AgNP dispersion; allow slow evaporation in a dust-free environment to form controlled aggregates; optionally introduce melamine (µM–mM range) to induce cyanuric acid–melamine H-bonded hot spots. Record spectra with low laser power to avoid heating.

• LSPR colorimetric sensing (melamine as model):

  • Buffer: Low-ionic-strength, chloride-free (e.g., 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.4).
  • Mix defined volumes of AgNP dispersion with melamine standard; incubate minutes at ambient temperature; measure A650/A400 or ΔλSPR. Calibrate against known concentrations.

• Stability testing:

  • Titrate NaCl or buffer strength and record SPR peak broadening/shift to map salt tolerance; DLS corroborates hydrodynamic size changes.

Always optimize for your specific dispersion (concentration, size, ligand density) and consult the product CoA for any provided constraints.

Safety and Handling

Safety details specific to this catalog item are not provided here; consult the product SDS for authoritative information.

• GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazard profile (literature/general):
  • Silver nanoparticles: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; may cause eye/skin irritation or respiratory irritation as aerosols/dusts. Avoid release to the environment.
  • Cyanuric acid: Low volatility solid; may cause mechanical irritation to eyes/skin in concentrated forms; low acute toxicity (literature). When bound to nanoparticles, hazard is governed by the dispersion and AgNP behavior.
• PPE recommendations (good laboratory practice):
  • Lab coat, safety goggles, and disposable nitrile gloves.
  • Handle dispersions in a chemical fume hood to avoid aerosol formation. Avoid ultrasonic nebulization without containment.
• Incompatibilities and reactivity (literature/general):
  • Avoid strong oxidizers (can oxidize Ag0), halide-rich media (AgCl precipitation/etching), sulfur-containing reagents (Ag2S formation), and high ionic strength that screens electrostatic stabilization.
• Spill and waste: Contain with inert absorbent, avoid drains. Collect as hazardous waste labeled “silver-containing nanomaterial.” Follow institutional nanoparticle waste policies.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for ≥15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; medical attention if symptoms occur.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

For research use only (per product data).

Solvent Selection

This product is a nanomaterial dispersion/solid rather than a traditional solvent. Solvent selection pertains to the continuous phase used to disperse or process the nanoparticles.

• Dispersion medium: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Cyanuric acid functionalization generally favors aqueous media due to hydrophilicity (literature).
• Polarity/miscibility (literature/general):
  • Water: Typically compatible; ionic strength and pH influence stability via cyanuric acid ionization and double-layer screening.
  • Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH): Often miscible with aqueous dispersions in limited proportions; high alcohol content can change the dielectric constant and affect stability.
  • Nonpolar solvents: Generally unsuitable without additional surfactants or ligand exchange.
• pH considerations (literature): Cyanuric acid has multiple acidic sites; deprotonation above neutral pH increases negative surface charge and electrostatic stabilization. Very low pH can reduce charge and promote aggregation.
• Salts and buffers: High ionic strength (e.g., >50–100 mM NaCl) can induce aggregation via charge screening; phosphate and chloride can interact with Ag surfaces (Ag3PO4/AgCl formation) and should be used cautiously.

When to choose this system vs alternatives:

• Select cyanuric acid–AgNPs for applications that leverage hydrogen-bonding recognition (e.g., assembly with melamine analogs), surface triazine chemistry, or desired aqueous compatibility.
• Consider citrate- or PVP-stabilized AgNPs when maximum salt tolerance or specific polymer corona properties are required (literature).

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions: Store at 2–8°C (per product data). Do not freeze unless the product is explicitly supplied lyophilized and the CoA provides a reconstitution protocol.
• Shipping: Shipped on wet ice (per product data). Upon receipt, allow container to reach 2–8°C before opening to minimize condensation.

General handling (nanoparticle dispersions):

• Protect from light to limit photo-oxidation of Ag0. Minimize headspace oxygen when practical.
• Mix gently by end-over-end inversion; avoid vigorous vortexing that can induce foam and aggregation.
• If transient aggregation occurs, brief low-power bath sonication (1–5 min) may help redisperse; verify by UV–Vis (plasmon band shape) and DLS.
• Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. If long-term storage is needed, consider aliquoting under clean conditions.

Reconstitution (if supplied as a dry/lyophilized solid):

• Item-specific reconstitution medium, volume, and target concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General guidance: Use ultrapure water or specified buffer at low ionic strength; add slowly with gentle swirling; allow to equilibrate 30–60 min; confirm dispersion quality by UV–Vis/DLS.

Stability notes (literature/general):

• Avoid high ionic strength, halides (Cl−, Br−, I−), sulfides, and strong oxidants.
• Maintain near-neutral pH for maximal shell ionization and electrostatic stabilization.

For research use only (per product data).

Structure and Identity

Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterials consisting of a metallic silver core coated with cyanuric acid ligands.

• SKU: S120438 (Aladdin Scientific)
• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• PubChem CID / InChIKey / SMILES: Not applicable for nanoparticle ensembles; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Core is metallic silver (Ag0). Surface modifier: cyanuric acid (1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione; often depicted as 1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triol in tautomeric forms). Overall composition varies with particle size and surface coverage.
• Molecular weight: Not defined for polydisperse nanoparticles; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general description):

• Silver core: typically quasi-spherical fcc Ag crystallites; exact diameter and morphology are item-specific (not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet).
• Ligand shell: cyanuric acid presents a 1,3,5-triazine ring bearing three carbonyl/oxo groups capable of hydrogen bonding and coordination. Deprotonated oxygens and ring nitrogens can interact with Ag surface atoms, providing an anionic/hydrogen-bonding-capable corona.
• Shell characteristics: hydrophilic, capable of complementary H-bonding with melamine and other donors; can promote controlled assembly/aggregation in the presence of multivalent H-bonding partners and salts (literature).

2D/chemical depiction in words (literature/general):

• Core–shell motif: [Ag0 nanoparticle]—[adsorbed cyanuric acid ligands] with outward-facing carbonyl/oxo groups and triazine nitrogens. No defined stereochemistry; the material is a colloidal ensemble rather than a discrete molecule.

Synthetic Utility

While not a molecular building block, cyanuric acid functionalized AgNPs provide synthetic utility as functional plasmonic/catalytic scaffolds (literature/general):

• Surface functional group leverage:
  • The triazine-2,4,6-trione shell offers carbonyl oxygens and ring nitrogens for hydrogen bonding and coordination. This enables supramolecular assembly with melamine-like donors to construct hierarchical materials (films, gels) embedding AgNPs.
• Heterogeneous nanocatalyst:
  • AgNPs catalyze hydride transfer reductions (e.g., 4-nitrophenolate → 4-aminophenol with NaBH4), certain oxidative couplings, and alcohol oxidations. The cyanuric acid corona can modulate substrate access and particle dispersion, particularly when immobilized on supports (silica, cellulose, polymers).
• Plasmon-assisted chemistry:
  • Under light irradiation coincident with the LSPR, hot carriers and local heating can accelerate surface reactions; ligand identity influences adsorption energies and turnover.
• Conjugation/overcoating routes:
  • Secondary modification via polyamines, diazonium chemistry, or carbodiimide coupling to co-adsorbed carboxylates (if present) can tailor interfacial properties. Alternatively, layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coatings can encapsulate the cyanuric acid-AgNPs while retaining accessibility.
• Analytical/synthetic monitoring:
  • UV–Vis provides real-time kinetic traces (e.g., 400 nm band decay for 4-NP reduction). TEM/DLS confirm size and aggregation during processing.

These features make the material a pragmatic platform for constructing functional nanocomposites and performing model heterogeneous catalysis.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, oligonucleotide, or affinity reagent with defined biological target specificity. Any selective interactions (e.g., cyanuric acid with melamine via complementary hydrogen bonding) are supramolecular and non-biological in nature (literature/general).