Dodecanoate-dpotassium , CAS No.82867-25-2

CAS: 82867-25-2 Cat. No.: D1448773 Summenformel: C₁₂H₂₁D₂KO₂ Molekulargewicht: 240.42

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Übersicht

Dodecanoate-d 2 (potassium) is the deuterium labeled Dodecanoate.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Verschickt in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Dieses Produkt erfordert Kühlkettenversand. Grundversand und andere Economy-Optionen sind nicht verfügbar.

Namen und Kennungen

Molekulargewicht

240.42

Application Protocols

No assay-specific, manufacturer-validated protocols are provided in the Product Data for this SKU.

• General preparation (verify with CoA/SDS)

  • For aqueous stock solutions: Weigh the solid quickly to minimize moisture uptake. Add to deionized water with stirring. Adjust pH as needed using KOH or HCl. Filter (0.22–0.45 µm) if clarity is required.
  • For surfactant uses (if monocarboxylate): Warm gently above the Krafft temperature to ensure complete dissolution. Prepare fresh to minimize CO2 uptake.
  • For derivatization chemistry: Convert to free acid prior to coupling; dry thoroughly before moisture-sensitive steps.

• Quality controls

  • Record pH, conductivity/ionic strength, and appearance (clear/opaque). If concentration-critical (e.g., CMC studies), determine active content by acid–base titration.

• Storage of solutions

  • Short term at 2–8°C; for longer storage, aliquot and freeze to limit microbial growth. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw.

These are general recommendations for potassium carboxylate salts and should be adapted once the exact structure/grade is confirmed for this item.

Biological Roles

General context (not item-specific): Dodecanoate commonly denotes laurate, a saturated medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA; C12:0). Its salts and derivatives participate in fundamental biochemical processes.

• Metabolic pathways (literature)

  • Laurate is catabolized via mitochondrial beta-oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA units that feed into the TCA cycle. Transport and activation involve acyl-CoA synthetases and carnitine shuttling (chain-length dependent).
  • Dicarboxylic acids (such as dodecanedioate, if relevant) can arise from omega-oxidation of fatty acids and are further metabolized via beta-oxidation in peroxisomes/mitochondria.

• Membrane and colloidal behavior

  • Carboxylate salts of MCFAs act as amphiphiles in aqueous media, forming micelles or vesicles depending on concentration, pH, and ionic strength—useful in model membrane studies.

• Enzymatic relevance

  • Free lauric acid is a substrate for lipases and acyltransferases; its activated thioester (lauroyl-CoA) participates in acylation reactions of proteins and metabolites.

• Experimental considerations

  • Biological assays are sensitive to counterion and pH; potassium vs. sodium can influence transporters and ionic balance in cells or vesicles. Ensure buffering and osmolarity are appropriate.
  • Purity and endotoxin/bioburden (if applicable) should be controlled for cell-based research.

Note: The above describes general biological roles of C12 fatty acid derivatives; this product is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Buffer Applications

This product is a potassium salt of a C12 carboxylate; such salts are not standard buffer components.

• Applicability

  • Carboxylate salts have conjugate acids with pKa values typically around 4–5 (monocarboxylates) or two pKa values for diacids. While they can contribute to pH around these values, they lack the buffering capacity, solubility profile, and stability customary for analytical or biochemical buffers.

• Practical notes (general)

  • If used to adjust pH or ionic strength in specialized systems (e.g., surfactant studies), pair with a suitable primary buffer (e.g., acetate, MES, MOPS, phosphate) that controls pH independently of the amphiphile concentration.
  • Beware of precipitation with divalent cations (water hardness) and temperature-dependent clarity (Krafft behavior) when formulating aqueous solutions.

Conclusion: Not typically recommended as a primary buffer component. Select an established buffer system and incorporate the carboxylate salt only for its surfactant or specific chemical role.

Green Alternatives

C12 carboxylate salts are generally derived from fatty acids obtainable from renewable lipid feedstocks (e.g., coconut, palm kernel). Their use can support greener formulation strategies; nevertheless, choice of counterion and solvent system affects the overall footprint.

• Comparative assessment (general/literature)

  • Potassium vs. sodium salts: Potassium analogs may offer lower Krafft temperatures, enabling lower-energy processing (less heating) to achieve clear solutions and micellization.
  • Surfactants: Fatty acid soaps are biodegradable and can replace petroleum-derived surfactants in certain research workflows; performance depends on water hardness and pH.
  • Solvent systems: Prefer water or water/ethanol over chlorinated solvents. For derivatization chemistry, use green coupling strategies (e.g., DMTMM in water, CDI in greener solvents) instead of halogenating agents.

• Example trade-offs

  • Biodegradability vs. hardness sensitivity: Soap-based systems form insoluble salts with Ca2+/Mg2+; consider chelators or softer water to maintain performance.
  • Performance vs. pH: Effective surfactancy often requires basic pH to keep the carboxylate ionized; buffering increases salt load.

• Quick comparison table (general)

  • Option: Fatty carboxylate salts (K+/Na+); Pros: renewable, biodegradable; Cons: hardness sensitivity, Krafft constraints.
  • Option: Synthetic nonionic surfactants; Pros: hardness tolerant, broad temperature range; Cons: petroleum origin, potential persistence.

Select the option that balances performance requirements with environmental objectives of your laboratory or process.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status or excipient grade is specified for this item.

• Item-specific status

  • Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Regulatory listings (e.g., USP/NF, Ph. Eur.): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General formulation context (literature)

  • Monocarboxylate C12 salts (e.g., potassium laurate) are traditional soap/surfactant materials and, in research settings, may be explored as emulsifiers, wetting agents, or processing aids in topical or transdermal formulation studies. Final applicability depends on impurity profile, residual metals, and bioburden.
  • Dicarboxylate potassium salts (e.g., dodecanedioate) may serve as intermediates for synthesizing excipient polymers or pro-moieties, not typically as direct excipients.

• Development considerations

  • Control of counterion and hydration state is essential for reproducibility. Assess compatibility with actives, preservatives, and packaging (especially with basic, surfactant-like species that can extract additives from plastics).
  • For any use approaching GMP environments, require full quality documentation (CoA, TSE/BSE statements as applicable, residual solvent reports, elemental impurity screening) and consider sourcing an excipient-grade material if available.

Research-use only: Not for human or veterinary use, diagnostics, or clinical applications.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physico-chemical specifications have not been provided in the Product Data.

• Item-specific values

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Boiling point: Not applicable for inorganic-organic salts; thermal decomposition typically precedes boiling (item-specific value not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet).
  • Density, refractive index, water/peroxide/metal limits, UV cutoff: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature guidance for related salts (for planning only; not product specifications)

  • Potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids are typically solid, often hygroscopic to mildly hygroscopic, and may exhibit broad melting/decomposition transitions; exact temperatures depend strongly on chain length and hydration state.
  • Solubility profile (typical):
    • Potassium laurate (monocarboxylate): moderate to good solubility in warm water; acts as a surfactant; very low solubility in nonpolar solvents; limited in lower alcohols depending on hydration and temperature.
    • Potassium dodecanedioate (di-carboxylate): generally more water-soluble than the corresponding free acid; negligible solubility in nonpolar media.
  • Acid-base: Carboxylates are conjugate bases of weak acids (pKa of lauric acid ca. 5; of diacids: pKa1/pKa2 typically ~4–6 range, literature). Solutions are basic (pH >7) depending on concentration and CO2 uptake.

Consult the CoA for definitive, lot-specific physical data before method validation.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Interpreting potential grades (general guidance)

  • Research/biochemical grade typically prioritizes low levels of inorganic/organic impurities and consistent hydration state for reproducibility in biochemical assays.
  • AR/ACS grade (if applicable) focuses on elemental impurity limits suited for analytical use; however, long-chain carboxylate salts rarely have formal ACS specifications.
  • Surfactant-grade materials may be specified by active content (% as anhydrous salt), Krafft point, and residual free fatty acid—parameters relevant to micellization and detergency.
  • For di-carboxylate salts used as building blocks, typical controls include acid value, water content (Karl Fischer), residual organic solvents, and stoichiometry of neutralization (e.g., K:carboxylate ratio).

• What to check on the CoA for this item

  • Identity confirmation matched to the CAS (e.g., IR, NMR, or titration), counterion content (K%), water content/hydration state, and assay (%).
  • If used in biochemistry, request data on heavy metals and bioburden/endotoxin as applicable to your application.

• Stabilizers/additives

  • None are indicated in the Product Data. If present (e.g., anti-caking agents), they will be listed on the CoA; their presence can influence surface activity and solution behavior.

Reaction and Applications

Because the exact structural assignment is not specified, the following summarizes typical uses for potassium salts of C12 carboxylates. Verify suitability with the CoA before adopting into critical workflows.

• If monocarboxylate (potassium laurate; literature/general)

  • Surfactant/detergent: Emulsification, micelle templating, and phase-transfer enhancement in aqueous-organic systems.
  • Colloids/nanomaterials: Capping/stabilizing agent for hydrophobic nanoparticle dispersions in water; assists in forming reverse micelles under suitable cosolvents.
  • Biophysical studies: Model amphiphile for membrane-mimetic systems, protein refolding screens, and lipid–protein interaction assays (concentration set relative to CMC/Krafft temperature).
  • Synthesis: Convenient source of laurate upon acidification; subsequent derivatization to acyl chlorides, esters, amides.

• If di-carboxylate (dipotassium dodecanedioate; literature/general)

  • Polymer/intermediate chemistry: Precursor to polyesters/nylons via diacid derivatives; salt form is a convenient, non-volatile transport/storage form.
  • Phase-transfer/templating: Dicarboxylates can chelate metal ions and serve as structure-directing ligands in coordination polymers.

• Practical notes

  • For organic transformations, the free acid is often preferred. Regenerate by acidifying an aqueous solution (pH ~1–2) and extracting into an organic solvent.
  • Control ionic strength and temperature to manage Krafft behavior and precipitation.
  • Drying: If anhydrous conditions are required, lyophilize from water or azeotropically remove residual water after solvent exchange into a compatible polar aprotic solvent.

Reaction Conditions

Because item-specific reactivity data are not provided, the following are general literature conditions for transforming C12 carboxylate salts via the free acid.

• Regeneration of free acid (general)

  • Dissolve the potassium salt in water. Acidify to pH 1–2 with 1–6 M HCl at 0–25°C with stirring. Extract the free acid into EtOAc or MTBE, wash brine, dry (Na2SO4), and concentrate under reduced pressure. Typical recoveries: high (80–95%) assuming minimal emulsions.

• Esterification (Fischer)

  • Substrate: lauric acid or dodecanedioic acid. Conditions: ROH (excess), catalytic H2SO4 or p-TsOH, Dean–Stark where applicable, 60–120°C. Times: 2–24 h. Yields: often 70–95% depending on sterics and water removal.

• Amide formation (carbodiimide)

  • Acid, amine, EDC·HCl (or DCC), catalytic DMAP, solvent: DMF/CH2Cl2 or aqueous systems with DMTMM. Temp: 0–25°C initially, then to RT. Times: 1–16 h. Yields: 60–95%.

• Acid chloride formation

  • SOCl2 (1.2–3.0 equiv), catalytic DMF, solvent-free or toluene/CH2Cl2, 0–70°C, 1–4 h. Distill/remove volatiles under reduced pressure; use immediately. Typical conversions: near-quantitative.

• Micellar catalysis (monocarboxylate surfactant)

  • Aqueous medium, surfactant above CMC, ambient temperature. Reactions (e.g., SNAr, cross-coupling) reported with designer surfactants; performance depends on surfactant identity and additives.

All conditions are general literature guidance and must be optimized for your substrates. Validate on small scale first.

Safety and Handling

Safety details specific to this SKU (GHS classification, pictograms, H-statements) are not provided in the Product Data. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative information.

• Item-specific hazard info

  • Signal word, H-statements, GHS classification, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General safety guidance for potassium carboxylate salts (literature/general)

  • Expected hazards: May cause skin and eye irritation. Aqueous solutions are basic and can irritate mucous membranes. Fine powders can create dust; avoid inhalation.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong acids (liberates free acid and heat, potential CO2 evolution if bicarbonate impurities are present), strong oxidizers. Absorbs moisture and CO2 from air; keep tightly closed.
  • Recommended PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses or face shield, suitable chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle powders in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure.
  • First aid (overview; follow SDS):
    • Eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
    • Skin: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation develops.
    • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
    • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.
  • Fire: Organic salts may burn; use water fog, CO2, dry chemical, or foam as appropriate. Thermal decomposition may produce irritating fumes.

• Handling tips

  • Minimize moisture uptake; quickly recap containers. For solution preparation, add solid slowly to water with stirring and temperature control.

Solvent Selection

This product is a potassium salt of a C12 carboxylate species. Solvent behavior depends on whether it is a mono- or di-carboxylate, but both are ionic solids with limited solubility in nonpolar media.

• Polarity and miscibility (general/literature)

  • Water: Primary solvent. Solubility typically increases with temperature. For monocarboxylate salts (e.g., potassium laurate), solutions above the Krafft temperature form micelles.
  • Alcohols: Limited to moderate solubility in lower alcohols (MeOH, EtOH) depending on hydration and temperature; may require co-solvents or warming.
  • Polar aprotic solvents (DMF, DMSO): Solubility varies; DMSO often dissolves many potassium carboxylates. Verify compatibility for your assay.
  • Nonpolar solvents (hexanes, toluene): Essentially insoluble.

• Practical selection tips

  • For surfactant applications (if monocarboxylate): Choose water or water/alcohol mixtures and operate above the Krafft point to ensure clarity and micellization.
  • For coupling/derivatization chemistry: Convert the salt to the free acid by acidification and extract into an organic phase, or generate the reactive derivative in situ using water-compatible coupling agents.
  • For di-carboxylate uses: Water or aqueous buffers are generally preferred; adjust ionic strength to manage precipitation with multivalent cations.

• Comparison (general)

  • Sodium vs. potassium salts: Potassium salts often have lower Krafft temperatures and different CMCs than sodium analogs, improving solubility/clarity at ambient conditions.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific storage/shipping (from Product Data)

  • Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C.
  • Shipped In: Ice chest + Ice pads.
  • Research Use Note: For research use only.

• General handling and stability (carboxylate potassium salts)

  • Protect from moisture and atmospheric CO2 to avoid changes in hydration and carbonate contamination. Keep container tightly sealed under dry air or inert gas if feasible.
  • Allow the container to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to minimize condensation.

• Reconstitution (general guidance)

  • Aqueous solutions: Add the solid gradually to cold or room-temperature deionized water with stirring. Adjust pH as required for your application. If monocarboxylate/surfactant behavior is intended, gently warm to surpass the Krafft temperature for full clarity.
  • Solvent exchange: For organic-phase chemistry, regenerate the free acid by acidification and extract into an appropriate organic solvent.

• Solution storage

  • Store aqueous solutions at 2–8°C for short term (days). For longer storage, sterile-filter, aliquot, and freeze. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles; thaw at ambient temperature with gentle mixing.

Note: Where exact concentration limits, pH ranges, or stability windows are critical, consult the item’s CoA/SDS or perform pilot stability studies under intended conditions.

Structure and Identity

Brief note: The catalog name suggests a potassium salt of a C12 “dodecanoate” species. However, exact structure/stoichiometry for this specific item is not fully disclosed in the Product Data.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • CAS: 82867-25-2 (as provided)
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural considerations (general/literature context)

  • “Dodecanoate” commonly refers to the laurate anion (C11H23COO−), a saturated C12 monocarboxylate derived from lauric acid; its neutral potassium salt is potassium laurate (one K+ per carboxylate).
  • The descriptor “dipotassium” typically denotes a dianion (e.g., a di-carboxylate such as dodecanedioate2−, from dodecanedioic acid) paired with two K+. Naming conventions vary in trade catalogs; verification against the CoA is recommended to distinguish laurate vs. dodecanedioate salts.

• Functional groups and 2D features (general)

  • Monocarboxylate (laurate): linear C12 aliphatic chain terminating in a single carboxylate group; amphiphilic character (polar head, hydrophobic tail).
  • Di-carboxylate (dodecanedioate): linear C12 chain bearing carboxylates at both termini; less surfactant-like than laurate, more hydrophilic headgroup loading.

Please confirm the exact structure (mono- vs. di-carboxylate, charge, and counterion stoichiometry) on the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet before use in structure-sensitive applications.

Synthetic Utility

General guidance for potassium salts of C12 carboxylates (verify exact structure in CoA):

• As a protected/handled form of the acid

  • The carboxylate salt is a convenient, non-volatile solid for storage/handling. Regenerate the free acid by acidifying an aqueous solution (e.g., HCl to pH 1–2) and extract into an organic solvent for downstream chemistry.

• Common transformations (literature)

  • Conversion to acid chloride: From the free acid using thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, or Ghosez’s reagent; produces lauroyl chloride (if monocarboxylate) or the corresponding diacid chloride (if dicarboxylate) for esterification/amidation and polymerizations.
  • Carbodiimide couplings: From the free acid with DCC/EDC, optionally with NHS/HOBt, or water-compatible DMTMM; affords esters and amides.
  • Mixed anhydrides and CDI activation: Provide routes to acylation under milder or greener conditions.
  • Salt metathesis: Exchange K+ for other cations (e.g., tetrabutylammonium) to tune solubility for phase-transfer or ionic-liquid-like media.

• Surfactant-enabled chemistry

  • If monocarboxylate, micellar media can accelerate reactions of hydrophobic substrates in water; conditions hinge on reaching CMC above the Krafft temperature.

• Coordination/assembly (di-carboxylate case)

  • Dicarboxylates bridge metal centers to form coordination polymers/MOF-like materials; chain length modulates spacing and porosity.

Tip: Establish the acid/salt state and hydration prior to stoichiometric reactions to avoid yield drift.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule salt, not a biological targeting reagent. No antigen/epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity data are relevant.