HIV-2 Peptide , CAS No.172486-63-4

CAS: 172486-63-4 Cat. No.: H1421135 Summenformel: C₉₃H₁₄₀N₃₀O₂₈S₂ Molekulargewicht: 2190.42

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Übersicht

HIV-2 Peptide is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Verschickt in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Dieses Produkt erfordert Kühlkettenversand. Grundversand und andere Economy-Optionen sind nicht verfügbar.

Namen und Kennungen

Molekulargewicht

2190.42

Application Protocols

No product-validated application protocols are specified for this item. The following is not product validation, but general pointers for peptide use; consult your method SOPs and optimize empirically.

• For ELISA antigen coating: Start at 1 µg/mL in carbonate–bicarbonate buffer (pH ~9.6), 50–100 µL/well, incubate 2 h at 37°C or overnight at 4°C. Block with 1–5% BSA or casein. Optimize concentration and incubation for your plate and detection system.
• For LC–MS standards: Prepare 0.1–1.0 mg/mL stock in water/0.1% formic acid or in 10–20% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid; serially dilute in 0.1% formic acid for calibration. Verify stability and adsorption losses.
• For conjugation: See Reaction Conditions tab for general buffers and stoichiometries; verify functional handles (e.g., Lys or Cys) from the sequence (not provided for this item).

Note: Because no sequence or validation data are provided for SKU H1421135, these suggestions are generic and must be tailored to your specific assay.

Biological Roles

Scope: No sequence-level information is provided for this item. The following summarizes the biological context of HIV-2 peptides in research (literature/general) without implying clinical utility.

• Origin: HIV-2 encodes structural and regulatory proteins (e.g., Env, Gag, Pol, Vpx, Vpr, Tat, Rev, Nef). Synthetic peptides corresponding to linear regions within these proteins are used to model discrete viral epitopes.
• Immunology: HIV-2–derived peptides can emulate B-cell linear epitopes or T-cell epitopes presented by MHC molecules; they support studies of antigen processing, presentation, and immune recognition.
• Protein–protein interactions: Short sequences may recapitulate binding motifs for host factors (e.g., adaptor-binding, nuclear localization/export sequences), informing mechanistic virology.
• Biochemical characterization: Defined peptides enable mapping of protease cleavage preferences, reverse transcriptase primer-binding analogs, or integrase recognition elements in reductionist systems.
• Structure–function: Peptides representing transmembrane or fusion regions can be used to probe membrane insertion, helical wheel propensities, and inhibitory interactions in model systems.

Note: These are general research roles. Specific epitope identity, HLA restriction, or biochemical function for the particular HIV-2 Peptide (CAS 172486-63-4) are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if such details are needed.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific buffer recommendations are not provided. Below are general, sequence-agnostic practices for preparing peptide buffers for immunoassays and biochemical tests.

General buffer use with peptides:

• Stock preparation: Dissolve at 1–10 mg/mL using the minimal volume of an appropriate solvent (water, buffer, or small % DMSO), then dilute into the working buffer.
• ELISA coating: Carbonate–bicarbonate buffer (0.05 M, pH 9.4–9.6) promotes adsorption of many peptides to polystyrene. Typical coating concentration: 0.5–5 µg/mL; optimize empirically.
• Assay buffers: PBS or TBS with 0.05% Tween-20 often reduce nonspecific binding. Include carrier protein (e.g., 0.1–1% BSA) if peptide is prone to adsorption losses.
• pH tuning: Adjust pH to keep the peptide charged to improve solubility; avoid extremes that risk deamidation or hydrolysis.
• Reducing/alkylating conditions: For cysteine-containing peptides, consider 0.5–2 mM TCEP to maintain reduced state, or alkylate if a defined state is required for the assay.
• Filtration: If compatible, 0.22 µm filtration clears particulates before sensitive applications.

Note: Without sequence details for this item, buffer composition and concentrations must be optimized empirically.

Green Alternatives

Applicability: For peptide work, solvent impacts are primarily from cosolvents used during dissolution or purification. No item-specific solvent requirements are specified.

Greener choices and trade-offs (general guidance):

• Prefer aqueous buffers over organic solvents whenever solubility allows. This minimizes VOCs and hazard profiles.
• Limit DMSO/DMF to the lowest effective percentage; both are effective but carry environmental and health considerations. If needed, target ≤1–2% DMSO in final assay solutions.
• Aqueous acetonitrile (≤30%) with small amounts of volatile acids (formic/acetic acid) can sometimes replace TFA- or DMF-rich systems for temporary solubilization; acetonitrile is still a VOC but has favorable biodegradation relative to DMF.
• Use volatile modifiers (formic or acetic acid) instead of TFA when LC–MS compatibility is required; they are easier to remove and less persistent.
• Process efficiency: Prepare concentrated stocks to reduce solvent volume, and aliquot to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles that can lead to waste.

Summary (general): Prioritize water-based formulations and minimize high-boiling aprotic solvents. Optimize pH and ionic strength to improve peptide solubility without resorting to organic cosolvents.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Item-specific pharmacopeial status or excipient roles are not provided for this product.

General note (non-clinical, for research context only):

• Synthetic peptides are sometimes used in pharmaceutical development workflows as analytical standards, process controls, or reference materials in method qualification. Such uses demand well-characterized purity, identity, and stability profiles.
• For formulation research, peptides may serve as model antigens or surrogates to evaluate delivery systems (e.g., liposomes, polymeric particles) in preclinical lab studies.

Important: This product is designated “For research use only” and is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. No pharmacopeial compliance, excipient classification, or clinical application is specified for this item; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any available quality attestations.

Physical Properties

Item-specific properties:

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Other specifications (mp, solubility, logP, pKa, refractive index): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature guidance for peptides (context, not item specifications):

• Physical state: Frequently supplied lyophilized (off-white to white solids) with hygroscopic tendencies depending on sequence and salts.
• Solubility characteristics:
  • Hydrophilic/basic peptides: often soluble in water or aqueous buffers (pH 6–8) and in dilute acids.
  • Acidic peptides: improved solubility with slight basification (e.g., 0.1–1% NH4OH) or high-ionic-strength buffers.
  • Hydrophobic/aromatic-rich peptides: pre-dissolution in small volumes of DMSO, DMF, or aqueous acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA, followed by dilution with buffer.
• pKa behavior: Determined by constituent residues (e.g., Asp/Glu ~4, His ~6, Lys ~10.5, Arg ~12.5; literature ranges). Net charge vs pH will dictate solubility and aggregation.
• Hygroscopicity and counterions: Trifluoroacetate (TFA) and acetate salts are common; counterions can influence mass and solubility but are not specified for this item.
• Thermal properties: Discrete melting points are typically not observed for peptides; they may decompose before melting (literature observation).

Quality and Grades

Item-specific quality details:

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Context on peptide quality (general guidance):

• Common peptide grades:
  • Crude (post-synthesis, minimal purification) – suitable for screening where impurities are acceptable.
  • Desalted/purified – salts and small-molecule byproducts reduced.

  • 70–85% purity – suitable for many biochemical assays.

  • 90–95% (analytical/HPLC grade) – preferred for immunoassays, binding studies, and as quantitative standards.

  • 98% – for demanding biophysical/structural applications.

• Characterization methods: Analytical RP-HPLC and MS (ESI or MALDI) are standard. Amino acid analysis and NMR are sometimes used for confirmation.
• Counterion and form: TFA vs acetate salt, free acid vs amide at C-terminus, and N-terminal modifications (e.g., acetylation, biotinylation) affect mass and solubility. These features should be verified on the CoA for this specific item.
• Implications for use: Higher purity reduces background in ELISA/western workflows and provides more reliable quantitation in calibration curves.
• Recommendation: Prior to critical experiments, confirm sequence, purity, salt form, water content, and residual solvent levels from the item-specific CoA/Spec Sheet, as these are not specified here.

Reaction and Applications

Item-specific applications: Manufacturer applications are not provided for this item. The following are general research uses for HIV-2–derived peptides (literature/general), not product-validated claims.

Common research applications:

• Immunoassays: Use as coating antigens or standards in ELISA to profile anti–HIV-2 peptide antibody responses or to optimize epitope mapping. Select buffer (e.g., carbonate-bicarbonate, pH ~9.6) to promote adsorption to polystyrene plates.
• Epitope mapping and screening: Libraries of overlapping HIV-2 peptides are used to identify linear B- or T-cell epitopes; individual peptides can be tested for binding to antibodies or MHC.
• Conjugation and labeling: Peptides can be coupled to carriers (KLH, BSA) via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters or to maleimide-functionalized dyes through cysteine thiols for detection assays.
• Proteomics controls: Serve as positive controls or retention-time standards in LC–MS method development for HIV-2 protein detection.
• Biophysical studies: Assess secondary structure propensity (CD spectroscopy) or peptide–membrane interactions using model membranes.

Practical notes:

• Sequence-dependent behavior: Solubility and adsorption vary with hydropathy and charge; empirically test small volumes first.
• Aggregation control: Sonication, gentle heating (≤37°C), or incremental addition of cosolvent can help achieve clear solutions.
• Quantitation: Determine concentration by UV at 205 nm (general) or 280 nm if Trp/Tyr present; use extinction coefficients calculated from sequence (not provided for this item).

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific reaction conditions are provided. The following are general laboratory conditions relevant to peptide handling and common derivatizations (literature/general):

• Dissolution: Start with buffer or water at the target pH; if insoluble, add DMSO incrementally (up to 10–20% for stock), then dilute. Gentle warming (≤37°C) and brief sonication can aid dissolution.
• Carrier conjugation (NHS-ester coupling):
  • Buffer: 50 mM sodium phosphate or bicarbonate, pH 7.5–8.5 (amine unprotonated).
  • Peptide: typically 0.1–1 mg/mL; Carrier (e.g., BSA/KLH): 0.5–5 mg/mL.
  • Molar ratio: 5–50 eq peptide per carrier lysine, optimize empirically.
  • Time/Temp: 1–2 h at RT; quench with Tris or ethanolamine.
• Thiol–maleimide coupling:
  • Buffer: degassed PBS, pH 6.5–7.0 (minimizes side reactions).
  • Reducing agent: 0.5–1 mM TCEP fresh; remove excess before coupling if required by downstream application.
  • Time/Temp: 1 h at RT; avoid amine nucleophiles during reaction.
• Click (CuAAC): CuSO4/sodium ascorbate with TBTA or similar ligand in aqueous/tert-butanol or DMSO; 25–30°C for 1–2 h. Thoroughly remove copper for biological assays.
• Storage in solution: Keep at ≤−20°C after aliquoting; avoid repeated freeze–thaw to maintain integrity.

All conditions above are general guidance and must be adapted to the actual peptide sequence and functional groups, which are not specified for this item.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard information:

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / H-statements / Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety guidance for peptide reagents (literature/general; defer to SDS for authoritative data):

• Intended use: For research use only (per Product Data). Not for human or veterinary use.
• PPE: Laboratory coat, nitrile gloves, and safety glasses as minimum protection. Avoid inhalation of powders and contact with eyes/skin.
• Handling: Work in a clean, dry area; avoid aerosolization when opening lyophilized vials. For weighing, use antistatic measures and microspatulas. If using organic co-solvents (e.g., DMSO, DMF), observe their specific SDS precautions.
• Hygiene measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas.
• First aid (overview):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical evaluation if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; obtain medical advice.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers may degrade peptides; extreme pH can hydrolyze peptide bonds; avoid metal-catalyzed oxidation (Cys/Met/Try residues are particularly sensitive).
• Environmental: Avoid release to the environment; collect spills with dampened wipes or HEPA vacuum suitable for fine powders.
• Always consult the product-specific SDS and CoA for definitive safety, hazards, and handling instructions.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: As a peptide, solvent choice is driven by sequence-dependent charge and hydrophobicity. Sequence details for this item are not provided, so select solvents empirically using the guidance below.

General solvent selection principles for peptides (literature/general):

• Aqueous buffers (first choice): PBS, HEPES, or phosphate buffer at pH where the peptide is net-charged (enhances solubility). For acidic peptides, mildly basic buffers (pH 7.5–8.5); for basic peptides, mildly acidic buffers (pH 5.5–6.5).
• Organic co-solvents:
  • DMSO: Excellent cosolvent for hydrophobic peptides; prepare a concentrated DMSO stock (e.g., 10–50 mg/mL), then dilute into buffer with vigorous mixing.
  • DMF or aqueous acetonitrile (≤30%) with 0.05–0.1% TFA can disrupt aggregation; remove or dilute TFA if it interferes with assays.
• Additives: 0.1% TFA or a few mM of salts (NaCl) can suppress aggregation; 2–10 mM reducing agent (TCEP) may be needed for free-thiol peptides to prevent disulfide-mediated aggregation.
• Avoid: High concentrations of denaturants or surfactants unless compatible with the downstream assay.

Quick comparison (general):

• Water/buffer: biologically compatible, best for ELISA/biochemical assays.
• DMSO: maximal solubilization power; limit final DMSO to ≤1–2% for most bioassays.
• DMF/acetonitrile: useful for initial dissolution; may require rapid dilution or removal for biological assays.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific instructions (from Product Data):

• Storage condition: Store at −20°C.
• Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.
• Research use: For research use only.

General best practices for peptides (supplemental guidance; verify with CoA/SDS for this item):

• Upon receipt: Allow the sealed vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation. If lyophilized, briefly centrifuge to collect material at the bottom.
• Reconstitution:
  • Choose solvent based on solubility: water or appropriate buffer first; if needed, dissolve in a minimal volume of DMSO or aqueous acetonitrile with 0.1% acid, then dilute with buffer.
  • Typical stock concentrations: 1–10 mg/mL. Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) if sterility is required and compatible.
• Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Use low-bind tubes to minimize adsorption losses.
• Storage of solutions: Store at −20°C for short- to medium-term; for maximum stability, many peptides are kept at −80°C in aliquots. Avoid multiple freeze–thaw cycles.
• Stability notes: Exposure to light, air, and moisture can promote oxidation (Met, Cys, Trp) and hydrolysis; consider inert atmosphere for sensitive sequences. Exact stability for this item is not specified; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

If any sequence-specific guidance (e.g., presence of free cysteine, terminal modifications) is needed, please refer to the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet, as these details are not provided here.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: HIV-2 Peptide is a research-grade peptide reagent derived from sequences within the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) proteome, supplied for immunochemical and biochemical studies.

Item-specific facts (from Product Data):

• Product name: HIV-2 Peptide
• SKU: H1421135
• CAS: 172486-63-4
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General structural description for peptides (literature/general):

• Chemical class: Peptide (short polymer of L-α-amino acids connected by amide/peptide bonds).
• Backbone: Repeating –NH–CH(R)–CO– units; side chains R define charge, hydrophobicity, and reactivity.
• Termini: Typically free or protected N-terminus (–NH2/–Ac) and C-terminus (–COOH/–NH2/–OMe); exact capping is sequence-dependent (not specified for this item).
• Functional groups: Multiple amides, potential ionizable groups (e.g., Lys/Arg/His basic; Asp/Glu acidic; Cys thiol; Ser/Thr hydroxyl; Tyr phenol; Trp indole).
• Stereochemistry: Usually L-configuration at α-carbons unless otherwise noted; no sequence-specific stereochemical information is provided for this item.

2D structure in words:

• A linear chain of amino acid residues joined by planar amide bonds, with side chains projecting alternately from the backbone; exact residue sequence and modifications are not provided for this product.

Synthetic Utility

While supplied as a finished peptide reagent, HIV-2 peptides can participate in downstream chemical modifications in the laboratory. Item-specific sequence or functional handles are not provided; the following outlines general peptide synthetic utility (literature/general):

• Conjugation chemistry:
  • Amine coupling via NHS esters to carboxyl-activated carriers (proteins, polymers, nanoparticles).
  • Thiol–maleimide ligation if a cysteine residue is present; alternative: thiol–haloacetyl coupling.
  • Click chemistry (CuAAC) after installing azido/alkyne moieties at termini or side chains.
• Labeling: Installation of fluorophores (e.g., NHS esters for Lys; maleimides for Cys) or biotin for affinity capture and detection.
• Crosslinking and immobilization: Use bifunctional linkers (e.g., BS3, Sulfo-SMCC) to immobilize peptides on solid supports for affinity assays.
• Proteolysis studies: Defined peptides serve as substrates to quantify protease activity and specificity under controlled conditions.
• Standards for LC–MS: Stable-isotope-labeled analogs of HIV-2 peptides (not specified for this item) can be used as internal standards; unlabeled peptides support calibration curves and system suitability.

Note: Reactivity and site-selectivity depend on the actual amino acid composition and protecting group status, which are not specified for this product.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target details are not provided for this product.

Per Product Data constraints:

• No antigen name, epitope, species reactivity, clone, or isotype information is available for SKU H1421135 (HIV-2 Peptide).

Guidance:

• For experiments requiring defined epitope specificity (e.g., antibody validation, T-cell assays), consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet or contact technical support with your application details to verify sequence and any validated targets.
• In the absence of target metadata, treat this peptide as a generic HIV-2–derived research reagent.