Lipofuscin is a granular brown‑yellow pigment composed of lipid‑containing residues and lysosomal digests, and is thought to arise from the oxidation of lipids and lipoproteins. The oxidative process of lipofuscin proceeds slowly and progressively. Accordingly, the pigment exhibits variable staining reactions and colours, with diverse shapes and sizes. Lipofuscin can be found in the liver, kidney, myocardium, adrenal gland, neurons, ganglion cells and other tissues, mostly distributed around cell nuclei.
Since lipofuscin forms gradually via slow oxidation of lipids and lipoproteins, individual pigment granules differ in oxidation level, leading to variable histochemical reactions during identification. It is therefore recommended to employ multiple techniques to confirm the identity of lipofuscin. Common methods include the PAS reaction, Schmorl’s ferric‑ferricyanide reduction method, Long‑Ziehl‑Neelsen method, Gomori aldehyde‑fuchsin method, and Masson‑Fontana silver method.
Contents & Storage:
| Component No. | Component Name | Appearance | 3×50 mL
| Storage | | L774536A | Acid Oxidizing Solution A | Liquid | 25 mL | RT. Store in the dark | | L774536B | Acid Oxidizing Solution B | Liquid | 25 mL | RT. | | L774536C | Bleaching Solution | Liquid | 50 mL | RT. | | L774536D | Aldehydo-Fuchsin Stain | Liquid | 50 mL | 2-8℃. Store in the dark |
Notes:
1. Before use, mix Acid Oxidizing Solution A and B in equal volumes to prepare the Acid Oxidizing Solution.
2. Store the unopened complete kit at 2‑8 °C protected from light; the shelf‑life is 6 months from the date of production. Components exhibit different stabilities after opening: Components L774536A, L774536B, L774536C may be transferred for storage at room temperature while retaining the original 6‑month shelf‑life. Component L774536D shall remain refrigerated.
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Instructions for Use:
1. Before use, mix Acid Oxidizing Solution A and B in equal volumes to prepare the Acid Oxidizing Solution.
2. Fix tissues, followed by routine dehydration and embedding.
3. Perform routine deparaffinization to water.
4. Mount tissue sections onto glass slides, then gently rinse slides with distilled water.
5. Treat sections in Acid Oxidizing Solution for 5 min.
6. Rinse thoroughly with distilled water.
7. Bleach sections in Bleaching Solution for 2 min.
8. Rinse thoroughly with distilled water.
9. Wash with 70% ethanol.
10. Immerse slides in Aldehydo‑Fuchsin Stain with lid covered. Extend staining time if staining is suboptimal or the staining solution is aged.
11. Rinse with 70% ethanol, then wash three times with distilled water.
12. Carry out routine dehydration, clearing, and mount with synthetic resin mounting medium.
Precautions:
1. Staining performed in a temperature‑controlled water‑bath yields more reliable results.
2. This kit can also stain β‑cells of the pancreas and pituitary gland, elastin, sulfomucin, gastric chief cells, and other targets.
3. For personal safety and health, wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during operation.
Staining Results:
Lipofuscin
| Purplish‑red
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Elastin
| Purplish‑red
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Cell nuclei
| Light red
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Important Notes:
Store the unopened complete kit at 2-8 °C protected from light, with a 6 months shelf-life from the date of manufacture. After opening, components differ in stability: some may be transferred to room temperature (6 months shelf-life retained), others must remain frozen. Store components separately as specified in the component list for optimal performance. Equilibrate reagents to room temperature before use and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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